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Introduction to Physics Guided NotesName:____________________What is physics? _________________________________________________________________SI UnitsWhat does SI stand for? ______________________________Why use SI units? ________________ and ___________________left2527700right69215Unit equivalents1 Tm = ____________________1 mg = ____________________1 pL = ______________________020000Unit equivalents1 Tm = ____________________1 mg = ____________________1 pL = ______________________Units and Dimensions Guided NotesIn table groups, find three different quantities to measure, and take the measurement in SI units. Don’t fill in the last 3 columns yet.Quantity Measurement Dimension Units SI or not?All physical quantities have dimensions and are expressed in units. Dimension describes ______________________________________________Units are _______________________________________________________Example: SpeedSpeed has the dimensions of __________________________________Speed may be measured by a variety of _________________________(e.g. ____________, ___________, etc.)You can convert between different units of the same _________________________ (e.g. seconds into hours) but CANNOT convert ___________________________________ (e.g you can’t convert time into length)In the study of mechanics, we will work with physical quantities that can be described in terms of three dimensions: __________________, ______________________, ____________________ The corresponding basic SI- units are:Length – 1 meter (1m) is the distance traveled by the light in a vacuum during a time of 1/299,792,458 second.Mass – 1 kilogram (1 kg) is defined as a mass of a specific platinum-iridium alloy cylinder kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sevres, France Time – 1 second (1s) is defined as 9,192,631,770 times the period of oscillation of radiation from the cesium atom. ALL physical dimensions can be expressed in terms of combinations of seven ___________________________, which can be measured directly. __________________________ are combinations of 7 basic ones. SI ConversionsRecopy conversion chart below!5mL = ________ kL1st step: What do you expect? Will the number in front of kl be bigger or smaller than 5?2nd step: Take the given number and multiply it by conversion factors – a fractions where the top and bottom are equivalent – so that you can cross out the units you don’t want and put in the units you need. You will often need multiple steps. The wavelength of green light is 500 nm. How many meters is this?Practice 1: Basic SI conversionsHow many liters is 16 μ? ?4.3 x 104 ns = ___ ?s5.2 x 108 ms = ___ Ks0.09 cm = ___ pm906 gigabytes = _____ bytesMore Complex SI conversionsExample 1: Metric to English20 m/s _______k/hExample 2: Units raised to a power.**You must raise the conversion factor to the same power as the unit**7.2 m3 ______ mm3Practice 2: More complex conversions100 mm3 = ___ m3 60. miles per hour = _____ m/s 75 g/cm3 = __________ kg/m39.8 m/s2 = _______ km/hr2Must these calculations involve a conversion? What units would the answer have?30 m + 32 cm + 5 km60 g + 25 m c. 18 kg X 35?m15?sTrigonometry & Vectors Guided NotesWhy do we need trigonometry?Trig allows us to calculate the _______________ or ___________________________________________We will use trig constantly in the first three quarters of physics … anytime something ____________________________.Examples: Finding resultant velocity of a plane that travels first in one direction, then anotherCalculating the time, path, or velocity of a ball thrown at an anglePredicting the course of a ball after a collisionCalculating the strength of attraction between charges in spaceetc., etc., etcRight TrianglesThe formulas that we learn today work only with right triangles … but that’s ok, we can create a right triangle to solve any physics problem involving angles!But, it does beg the question … what’s a right triangle? ________________________________________Calculating the length of the sides of a right triangleIf you know the length of two of the sides, then use _______________________________________________2152650123190NOTE: “C” always refers to the ___________________________! The hypotenuse is always the __________________________ and its always the side that is __________________________________________________.00NOTE: “C” always refers to the ___________________________! The hypotenuse is always the __________________________ and its always the side that is __________________________________________________.Example: A = 3 cm, B = 4 cm, what is C?What if we have one side and one angle? How do we find the other sides? ___________________________________________________________________________14001751631315What is SOH CAH TOA?020000What is SOH CAH TOA?273367531115sin θ = Opposite / Hypotenusecos θ = Adjacent / Hypotenusetan θ = Opposite / Adjacent00sin θ = Opposite / Hypotenusecos θ = Adjacent / Hypotenusetan θ = Opposite / Adjacent Calculating the angles of a right triangleIn any triangle (right or not) the angles __________________________.Example: Find aIn right triangles, we can also find the angle using the _______________________ and _____________ ____________________________center13970sin-1 (opp / hyp) = θ cos-1 (adj / hyp) = θtan-1 (opp / adj) = θ4000020000sin-1 (opp / hyp) = θ cos-1 (adj / hyp) = θtan-1 (opp / adj) = θ Introduction to Vectors Guided Notes3419147210718VectorMagnitude & DirectionDisplacement5 m, NWVelocity20 m/s, NAcceleration10 m/s/s, EForce5 N, West00VectorMagnitude & DirectionDisplacement5 m, NWVelocity20 m/s, NAcceleration10 m/s/s, EForce5 N, WestWhat is the difference between scalars and vectors?Scalar ExampleMagnitude Speed20 m/sDistance10 mAge15 yearsHeat1000 caloriesA ___________________ is ANY quantity in physics that has ___________________________, but ______________ ________________________________.A ___________________ is ANY quantity in physics that has _____________________________ and _______________________________.How are velocity and speed related?______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________Example - 20 m/s = ______________20 m/s NE = __________________What is displacement?_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________How to draw vectorsThe _______________________ of the vector, drawn to scale, indicates the __________________ of the vector quantity.3124200143510The ____________________ of a vector is the ____________________________ of rotation which that vector makes with _________________________or x-axis. 020000The ____________________ of a vector is the ____________________________ of rotation which that vector makes with _________________________or x-axis. Example: Lady bug displacement28956009525NOTE 1:Displacement shows how far apart something is now ________ ____________________________________________. It does not show the path or the total distance travelled. NOTE 2:When drawing a vector you MUST MUST MUST ____________ _________________ or arrow on the vector to demonstrate which _________________ it is pointing.020000NOTE 1:Displacement shows how far apart something is now ________ ____________________________________________. It does not show the path or the total distance travelled. NOTE 2:When drawing a vector you MUST MUST MUST ____________ _________________ or arrow on the vector to demonstrate which _________________ it is pointing.Quick ReviewWhat is the difference between a scalar and a vector? What are the parts of a vector?Adding Vectors: Plane example 1 – TailwindA small plane is heading south at speed of 200 km/h. (This is what the plane is doing relative to the air around it)The plane encounters a tailwind of 80 km/h.386715057785To understand how far the plane is traveling relative to the ground we need to add the two vectors – the plane’s heading and the tailwind.We add vectors by ____________________ ____________________________and finding the __________________ (sum). The resulting velocity relative to the ground is 280 km/h S 400000To understand how far the plane is traveling relative to the ground we need to add the two vectors – the plane’s heading and the tailwind.We add vectors by ____________________ ____________________________and finding the __________________ (sum). The resulting velocity relative to the ground is 280 km/h S 476257683500438150153035Sketch the problem here!400000Sketch the problem here!Adding Vectors: Plane example 2 – HeadwindA small plane is heading south at speed of 200 km/h. (This is what the plane is doing relative to the air around it)It’s Texas: the wind changes direction suddenly 1800. Now the plane encounters a 80 km/h headwindright73660How do we figure out the plane’s velocity relative to the ground? ____________________________________ ____________________________________The resultant vector always goes from the __________________________________ __________________________________ ___________________________________400000How do we figure out the plane’s velocity relative to the ground? ____________________________________ ____________________________________The resultant vector always goes from the __________________________________ __________________________________ ___________________________________438150217805Sketch the problem here!400000Sketch the problem here!190506540500Adding Vectors: Plane example 3 – CrosswindA small plane is heading south at speed of 200 km/h. (This is what the plane is doing relative to the air around it)The plane encounters a 80 km/h crosswind going East.447675268605Sketch the problem here!400000Sketch the problem here!left20193000Work the problem here!The order in which two or more vectors are added _______________________________.Vectors can be moved around as long as their length (magnitude) and direction are not changed.Vectors that have the _______________________ and the __________________________ are ________________.WE DO PROBLEMSExample: A man walks 54.5 meters east, then 30 meters west. Calculate his displacement relative to where he started.Example: A man walks 54.5 meters east, then again 30 meters east. Calculate his displacement relative to where he started.Example: A man walks 54.5 meters east, then 30 meters north. Calculate his displacement relative to where he started.You Do ProblemsA person walks 5m N then walks 8m S. Calculate his displacement.A ball is thrown 25 m/s E. A tailwind of 5 m/s E is blowing. Calculate the resulting velocity.A boat moves with a velocity of 15 m/s, N in a river which flows with a velocity of 8.0 m/s, west. Calculate the boat's resultant velocity with respect to due northA bear, searching for food wanders 35 meters east then 20 meters north. Frustrated, he wanders another 12 meters west then 6 meters south. Calculate the bear's displacement.Multiplying a Vector by a ScalarMultiplying a vector by a scalar will ___________________________________________________________.The exception: multiplying a vector by a negative number will _______________ its direction.Vector Components104775302260Diagram00Diagramright302260How do we calculate Ax and Ay?00How do we calculate Ax and Ay?Any vector can be “resolved” into two component vectors. Ax is the horizontal component – or x component -- of the vector.Ay is the vertical component – or the y component – of the vector.Example A plane heads east, while the wind moves a plane north. As a result, the plane moves with velocity of 34 m/s @ 48°relative to the ground. Calculate the plane's heading and wind velocity.What does this mean??It means we need to find the ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Draw the diagram and solve the problem, below.Example A plane moves with a velocity of 63.5 m/s at 32 degrees South of East. Calculate the plane's horizontal and vertical velocity components.You Do problemsA person walks 450 m @ 120 degrees. Find the x and y component vectors.A car accelerates 6 m/s2 at 40 degrees. Find the x and y component vectors.You can reverse the problem and find a vector from its components.260985010795This problem may be written differently, but its exactly the same type of problem we did during our first lesson on vectors! Just add the components to find the overall vector020000This problem may be written differently, but its exactly the same type of problem we did during our first lesson on vectors! Just add the components to find the overall vectorLet:Fx = 4 N Fy = 3 N . Find magnitude and direction of the vectorDiagram and solve the problem below. ................
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