The Significance of Motivational Factors in Producing ...



The Association among Motivational Factors for Producing Research:

A case of Universities of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa

By

Name

ABC

Supervisor Name

ABC

Thesis submitted to the Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar,

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of

MS-Management Sciences (HRM)

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, PESHAWAR

Session: 2009-11

Certificate of Approval

I certify that I have read the research “Lead Lag Pattern, Information Asymmetry and Ownership Concentration in Karachi Stock Exchange” by, and my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MS-Management Sciences (Finance) at the Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar.

Supervisor Name: Dr. --------------------

Designation: Assistant Professor

Signature: ___________________

Coordinator Research & Development Department

Name: Dr. Muhamamd Siddique

Signature: _________________

Declaration

I, name of student, hereby declare that the research thesis submitted to R&DD by me is my own original work. I am aware of the fact that in case my work is found to be plagiarized or not genuine, R&DD has the full authority to cancel my research work and I am liable to penal action.

Date:

Abstract

Education is the backbone of a country's economy. Recently, a debate has been started on the role of higher education and its significance in the academic world. The efforts of Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan in spread of research culture are also questioned by critics. Opponents have views that academic research is not advantageous unless its benefits are embedded in the life of individuals and to the society. This study explains the degree of association between motivational factors required for academic researchers in sample universities operating in Khyber- Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A literature review in this study identified various motivational factors that can affect academic researchers to involve in research process. For instance, peer pressure, research environment, recognition, Higher Education Commission (HEC) and personal profile of the researcher are the key motivational factors that could result in improved academic research in Pakistan. A questionnaire was prepared keeping in view the share of each identified factor from the literature. The questionnaire was initially verified through pilot study that was conducted in IMSciences and University of Peshawar through purposive sampling. In order to check the reliability of responses, Cronbach’s alpha was used which confirmed reliability of the questionnaire at 0.73. The questionnaire was subsequently circulated among senior researchers of public and private sector universities of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. In this regard, their research profiles were consulted and data was collected on a questionnaire from a sample of 134 individuals. Later on, the researcher assessed relationship between factors through correlation and chi-square test. The results and analysis showed that there was some degree of association among motivational factors and research output. The reward system is a tool to increase motivation but real benefits of the research would embed in the system when it would facilitate to implement the research findings. In current scenario the HEC has spotlighted because of its stature to set benchmark for the higher education sector of the country. Due to its mandate the HEC has been playing a role to insert motivation in higher education through various means. It has developed research culture through benefits associated with it. Currently, it is in the phase of dissemination and monitoring of policies devised for implementation at the universities. Next phase could be linkage of university research with industry requirement to produce tangible output in various areas of business, management, health, technology, engineering, humanities and social sciences. Therefore, the results of this study can be used at policymaking level which would help in flourishing research culture. The study can guide the future research in assessing how the factors affect the quality of research at the country level and it can assist in improving the quality of research rather focusing the quantity. At a later stage the identified determinants can be compared with the industry production to verify the significance of research and loopholes in the system which hampers the economic development.

Key Words: research, higher education, motivational factors, researchers

Acknowledgement

I dedicate my research to my supervisor and my colleagues who encouraged me to keep my efforts intact throughout the research process.

Table of Contents

Declaration ………………………………………………………………………………...iii

Abstract …………………………………………………………...……………….. ………iv

Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………………v

List of Content ……………………………………………………………………………..vi

List of Table …………………………………………….…………………………………vii

Chapter 1: Introduction ……..………………………………………………………………1

1. LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………… 14

2. CONCEPTURAL FRAME WORK……………………………………….. 22

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………………….. 27

1. INDTRODUCTION…………………………………………………… 27

2. PILOT STUDY………………………………………………………… 27

1. Sampling of Pilot study…………………………..…………….. 27

2. Results………………………………………………………….. 27

3. MAIN STUDY……………………………………...…………. 29

1. Objectives of the Study …………………………...…………… 29

2. Sample………………………………………………………….. 29

4. ANALYSIS PROCEDURES………………………….……... 29

1. Statistical Methodology………………………………………... 29

2. Chi Square Test………………………………………………… 29

4. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION……………………………... 30

1. INTROUDCTION…………………………………………………. 30

2. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION OF CHI SQUARETEST… 30

3. CORRELATION ………………………………………………… 33

5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION……………………………………... 55

1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………......... 55

2. DISCUSSION……………………………………………………… 55

3. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………….. 58

4. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY…………………………………... 59

5. FUTURE RESEARCH……………………………………………. 60

References…………………………………………………………………….….… 61

APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………… 65

List of Tables

|Table: 4.1 |Reliability Statistics |

|Table: 5.2.1 |Association between demographic (Principal Author) and following factors |

|Table: 5.2.2 |Association between demographic (Co-Author) and following factors |

|Table: 5.2.3 |Association between demographic (International Presentations) and following factors |

|Table: 5.2.4 |Association between demographic (National Presentations) and following factors |

|Table: 5.2.5 |Association between demographic (Books authorship) and following factors |

|Table: 5.2.6 |Association demographics (Researcher Profile) and following factors |

|Table: 5.3.1 |Association among Peer-Pressure, demographics and Research Output |

|Table: 5.3.2 |Association among Research Environment, demographics and Research |

|Table: 5.3.3 |Association among Recognition, demographics and Research Output |

|Table: 5.3.4 |Association among HEC’s Role, demographics and Research Output |

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