Unit Conversions (Dimensional analysis)
Units and Significant figures
|Reading: |Ch. 2 sections 3 - 5 |Homework: |2.2, questions 15,16, 18, |
| | | |2.5, questions 38, 39, 42*, 44* |
* = ‘important’ homework question
Common Units
Discussion: List some common units of measurement we use on a daily basis. How did these units originate?
| |Quantity measured |Familiar Unit |
|[pic] |Mass | |
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Question: What are the ‘metric’ (S.I.) versions of the everyday units listed above?
|[pic] |Quantity measured |Fundamental S.I. Unit (base unit) |Symbol |
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Notes: SI base units are used to determine derived S.I. units, as discussed below. Some S.I. base units feature a decimal prefix – which one(s)?
Discussion: Why do scientists prefer the S.I. system?
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Derived S.I. Units
|[pic] |Insert appropriate S.I. base units into an equation that defines the respective derived S.I. unit. |
| |Example: |
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| |Area = length x length = m x m = m2 |
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| |( the derived S.I. unit for area is m2 |
Determine derived S.I. units for the following quantities
|Quantity measured |Math involving S.I. base units |Derived S.I. unit |
|Volume | | |
|Velocity (speed) | | |
|Density | | |
|Force* | | |
|Energy* | | |
*These are harder examples. To solve them start by inserting appropriate S.I. base units into an equation that defines the quantity sought.
Questions:
Is the S.I. unit of volume (m3) reasonable for everyday applications? Why?
What unit of volume do chemists prefer? Why?
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More detail on the chemist’s volume unit
Significant Figures and Rounding Off
Question: What are significant figures?
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Task: Measure the length of your pencil (or some other object) in cm using a standard ruler. To how many sig. figs can you determine this value?
|Object |Size of measures (cm) |Number sig. figs. |
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Let’s figure out the rules for sig. figs. What is:
|1.002 to |3 sig. figs. | |
| |1 sig. fig. | |
|569.74 to |3 sig. figs. | |
| |4 sig. figs. | |
| |1 sig. fig. | |
|0.00017 to |1 sig. fig. | |
|[pic] |Zeros before the first number are NOT counted as significant |
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| |Zeros after the first number ARE counted as significant |
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| |Round UP if the number after the last significant digit is > 5 |
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| |Quote numbers in SCI notation if number sig. figs. < digits before decimal point. |
Multiplication and division (99% of your work is either one and/or the other)
|[pic] |The result of any multiplication or division has the same number of sig. figs. as the measurement with |
| |the lowest number of sig. figs. Example: A sample of lead has a mass of 2.105 g and a volume of 0.11 mL.|
| |What is the density of lead? |
Answer:
Another example: What is the area (in ft2) of a 12.5 ft x 24 ft room?
What common mistake was made in the determination of length here?
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