Mi’kmaq, Haudenosaunee, Anishinabe (pages 5-36)



Mi’kmaq, Haudenosaunee, Anishinabe (pages 5-36)

Similarities between all Three Groups:

-political decisions were made as a group

-leaders held authority by general agreement and not by force

-used technologies to make life easier (i.e. snowshoes)

-men hunted and fished

-women gathered food like berries, roots, also tended and harvested crops

-no accumulation of wealth

-made alliances for trade, defense, and to make peace

-were spiritual and believed in a Creator. The environment was central to what they did during every aspect of their lives.

Differences between the groups:

Mi’kmaq (Micmac, Mi’maq)

-farmed freshwater fish

-young women could not participate in general meetings

-had a chosen leader called a “Saqamaw” who was advised by a Council of Elders

- had a Grand Council of the 7 districts, advised where they could hunt, fish, set up camps

-lived close to the coast in the summer and away from the coast in the forest during winter.

- Made decisions based on a concensus rather than telling people what to do.

Anishinabe (Ojibway, Ojibwa, Chippewa)

-had different camps for summer and winter

-men AND women were equally involved in decision making. Were the only first nation’s communities that harvested rice

Haudenosaunee (Iroquois, Six Nations Confederacy, Iroquois Confederacy)

-built longhouses for year-round settlements, did NOT move with the seasons

-were farmers and grew crops

-women had a great deal of influence in decision making

-could have the male leader replaced if he failed to perform his duties

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