Chapter 17: Organizing Life’s Diversity
Chapter 17: Organizing Life’s Diversity
A.Schevers
Section 17.2: The Six Kingdoms
I. How are evolutionary relationships determined?
A. Structural Similarities
* Species are closely ________________ and may have ______________from a common ancestor.
B. Breeding Behavior
* Sometimes ____________________behavior provides important clues to _______________________ among species.
C. Geographical Distribution
* __________________helps to determine their relationships with other species.
D. Chromosome Comparison
* Both the ___________________ and structure of chromosomes provides ____________ of relationships among species.
E. Biochemistry
* Closely related species have similar _______________ sequences, and therefore similar proteins.
II. Phylogenic Classification: Models
*Species that share a common ____________________ also share an evolutionary ________________.
* Phylogeny = the evolutionary history of a ________________.
A. Cladistics
* One biological system of ___________________that is based on phylogeny is cladistics.
* Scientists assume that as groups of organisms _________________and evolve from a common ancestral group, they retain some unique inherited characteristics that taxonomists call derived_____________________.
* ____________________ = branching diagram that models the phylogeny of a species based on the derived traits of a group of a group of organisms.
B. Another type of model
* Fan-like Model = diagram incorporates _________________ information and the knowledge gained from anatomical, embryological, _______________, and cladistic studies.
III. The Six Kingdoms of Organisms
a. Archaebacteria = live in __________________environments, prokaryotes; __________________
Ex. ______________________________________________________
b. Eubacteria = prokaryotes, very strong cell_____________, some cause disease but most are harmless and actually helpful
Ex.______________________________________________
c. Protists = eukaryotic organisms that ______________complex organ systems and lives in moist environments, diverse group (unicellular/ multicellular)
Ex.___________________________________________________
d. Fungi = decomposer,__________________; unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes that absorbs nutrients from organic materials.
Ex._______________________________________________
e. Plants =__________________, oxygen producers, photosynthetic eukaryotes. Cells contain a cell _____________ and chloroplasts.
Ex. _______________________________________________
f. Animals = multicellular_________________; heterotrophs
Ex. _______________________________________________
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