Jamestown VS - Loudoun County Public Schools



Civil War VS.7

WHAT CONFLICTS DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN STATES IN THE YEARS FOLLOWING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION?

By the mid-1800s conflicts were rising between the northern states and southern states due to differences between the two. Economy and new states formed from territories were among the problems that led to the Civil War.

ECONOMY

Northern States- by this time the economy of the northern states was more industrialized.

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

|Northern factories made all kinds of goods from tools to clothing Manufacturing was the major industry in the North. |

Southern States- the economy was agricultural and relied more on slave labor.

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

|Farming, which relied on slave labor was the major industry. |

NEW TERRITORIES

During the first half of the 1800s, the United States added new states from the western territories. People argued whether the new states formed out of those territories should enter the United States as “free states” or” slave states.”

|Northern States Point of View on slavery and new states- |Southern states Point of View on slavery and new states- |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|Northerners believed that new states should enter as a free state (would |Southerners believed that new states should enter as slave states (would |

|not allow slavery) |allow slavery) |

WHAT IS AN ABOLITIONIST?

ABOLITIONIST –People who campaigned or worked to end slavery.

WHAT WERE SOME EVENTS THAT LED VIRGINIA TO SECESSION AND TO WAR?

Nat Turner’s Revolt 1831-

A slave named Nat Turner led a revolt against slavery in Virginia. Nat and his men killed more than 50 people, including his owner. Slave owners tried to end the revolt with their own attack, killing over 100 slaves.

Harriet Tubman- was an escaped slave who later returned to the South numerous times to lead enslaved people to freedom. She supported a secret route that escaped enslaved African Americans took freedom. It became known as the “Underground Railroad”.

The Underground Railroad was not a train, and it was not underground. The Underground Railroad was a secret route which runaway slaves could find safe stops along the way to free states or Canada.

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

|Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad |

John Brown- 1859

John Brown was an abolitionist, who led a small army of 21 on a raid on the United States Armory (arsenal) located in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (what is today West Virginia) on the night of October 16, 1859. He planned to use the thousands of weapons stored there to arm slaves and start slave rebellion. The first part of his raid was successful and that night he and his men seized control of the armory/arsenal and an engine house.

When Army workers discovered Brown’s men early on the morning of October 17, local militia, farmers, and shopkeepers surrounded the U.S. Armory/Arsenal. Gunfire was exchanged. Brown had expected that once he had the control of the weapons that hundreds of local slaves would come and join him in the fight. This never happened.

Realizing his escape route was cut off, he and his men retreated into the small engine house (the engine house would come to be known as John Brown’s Fort). The militia and townspeople surrounded the fort and both sides traded sporadic gun fire.

On October 18, a group of marines, led by Colonel Robert E. Lee (we will learn more about him later) arrived. They offered Brown and his men the opportunity to surrender, but Brown refused. The marines quickly attacked and broke down the door of the engine house and captured the men inside. Many of Brown’s men were killed, but Brown survived and was taken prisoner. He was convicted of treason and was hanged.

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

|John Brown and the raid on the United States Armory/Arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Va. |

HOW DOES ABRAHAM LINCOLN FIT INTO ALL OF THIS?

In the time before the Civil War, the country was greatly divided.

| When Abraham Lincoln was running for president, he promised to not allow slavery in the new western territories. He said he would not end |

|slavery in the South. |

Southern states did not believe him. They believed that he would end slavery in the South.

So, in 1860 when Abraham was elected President, many Southern States were worried he would end slavery. Many Southerners considered his election as a “call to war”.

Some southern states seceded or left the Union and formed the “Confederate States of America”. This means they left the United States (also called the Union) and formed a new country called the Confederate States of America. Later Virginia seceded and joined them. The Confederate States of America formed its own government with its own president and currency.

WHY DID WEST VIRGINIA BECOME A STATE in 1863?

(This happens during the Civil War)

Conflicts grew between the eastern counties of Virginia that relied on slavery and the western counties did not favor slavery.

When Virginia voted and decided to secede from the Union, the western counties of Virginia did not accept the vote to secede. Because of this and many disagreements between the 2 regions of the state, it was agreed that the western counties would form West Virginia. West Virginia did not secede from the Union.

Virginia BEFORE the Virginia AFTER the formation

formation of West Virginia of West Virginia

1860 WAR BREAKS OUT

The Confederate States of America (C.S.A) formed from the 11 state that left the United States) went to war against the United States of America.

FLAGS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERACY

Union Flag (North) Confederate Flag (South)

United States of America Confederate States of America

The Civil War was fought in many different states, but most of the battles were fought in the South. More battles were fought in Virginia than in anywhere else.

The Confederate States of America made Richmond, Virginia their capital.

WHAT ROLE DID WHITE VIRGINIANS PLAY DURING THE WAR?

Most white Virginians supported the Confederacy

WHAT ROLES DID ENSLAVED AFRICAN AMERICANS PLAY DURING THE WAR?

The Confederacy relied on enslaved African Americans

to raise crops and provide labor for the Confederate Army.

Many enslaved African Americans sought freedom by

following the Union Army where many found work.

Some of the enslaved African America men and women who fled to the Union side provided labor for the Union Army.

Some of the African American men who fled to the Union side fought for the Union Army.

WHAT ROLES DID FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS PLAY DURING THE WAR?

Some free African Americans joined the Union Army.

Some free African Americans joined the Union Navy.

WHAT ROLE DID AMERICAN INDIANS PLAY DURING THE CIVIL WAR?

Many American Indians did not take sides during the Civil War

WHERE DID THE FIRST MAJOR CLASH OF THE CIVIL WAR TAKE PLACE?

On July 21, 1861, in Virginia along the bank of a stream called Bull Run the first major clash of the Civil War happened. This battle has come to be known as The Battle of Bull Run or Battle of Manassas.

| |

| |

| |

| |

| |

|The Battle of Bull Run also known as the Battle of Manassas |

General “Stonewall” Jackson played a major role in the Battle of Manassas.

The Confederates eventually won the Battle of Manassas.

WHAT IS THE BATTLE OF IRONCLADS?

Monitor (Union) Merrimack (Confederate)

As a war strategy, President Lincoln was using the Union Navy ships to block southern ports. Naval battles were very common during the Civil War.

Both sides wanted to find a way to make their warships less vulnerable during naval attacks. Both the Union and Confederacy made Ironclad ships. These ships were called ironclads, because they were clad, or covered with iron.

March, 1862: The Union wanted to capture Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy. They decided to reach Richmond by traveling up the James River. The route up the James River to Richmond was blocked by the Confederate ironclad, the Merrimack. The Confederate Merrimack had already sunk 2 Union ships and forced 3 others onto shore before it met the Union ironclad, the Monitor, in the Virginia waters, near Norfolk and Hampton.

This was the first time in history that ironclads battled. The battle lasted for over 2 hours. The cannon shells they shot at each other had little effect on either warship. The battle ended in a draw, without a clear winner.

WHO WAS ROBERT E. LEE?

General Robert E. Lee was a Confederate General. He was the Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. His troops defeated the Union troops at Fredericksburg, Virginia.

WHY WAS RICHMOND BURNED?

Once the Confederacy realized that there was no way to stop the Union from capturing their capital, Richmond, they set fires as they retreated. The Confederates did this to keep their stockpiled war supplies from the approaching Union forces.

Eventually, Richmond was captured and fell to Union General Ulysses S. Grant.

WHERE DID THE CIVIL WAR END?

Appomattox Court House, Virginia

In April of 1865 the Confederate General Robert E. Lee and Union General Ulyssess S. Grant met in Appomattox Court House, Virginia. The two generals worked out the terms of the Confederate surrender there.

Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. His surrender ended the Civil War and resulted in the Union winning the Civil War.

-----------------------

Nat Turner’s Revolt

West Virginia

Virginia

Virginia

Confederate General

Robert E. Lee

Union General

Ulysses S. Grant

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download