BEHAVIORAL AND EXCHANGE THEORY - Purdue University
BEHAVIORAL AND EXCHANGE THEORY
Intellectual Influences
- Watson and Skinner: behaviorialism
- Simmel?
- Anti: functional, interactionist, Freudian
Socio-historical
- Harvard in 1950s: Homans and Parsons
and applied social science
- the Sixties: therapy and social change
Theoretical Model
- teleological and reductionist
- human nature: selfish, gratification-seeker
- behavior modification: conditioned response and
operant conditioning
Behavior Modification
Reinforcement Punishment
(reproduce behavior) (extinguish behavior)
Positive Positive Positive Punishment
(impose Reinforcement (pain)
condition) (pleasure)
Negative Negative Negative Punishment
(remove Reinforcement (pain)
condition) (pleasure)
General Model of Behavior
-/+
+
Behavior Reinforcer/Punisher
Behavior Modification in Three Stages
Stage 1 Stage 2 Success
punish reinforce punish reinforce punish reinforce
- + - + - +
Operant Desired
Behavior Behavior
- Social Exchange
- relations are instrumental/value-rational
- other as source of reinforcers/punishers
- power and values and social structure
-/+
+
Person Other
Much of the recent, rational choice theory is based on game theory, best represented by “the prisoners’ dilemma.” Police catch A and B with stolen goods. Police interrogate suspects separately to encourage each to “cop a plea” and avoid a five year sentence for grand theft. If nobody cops a plea there is not enough evidence and each is convicted of receiving stolen property.
Prisoner A
No plea Cops a plea
No A: six months A: one year
plea B: six months B: five years
Prisoner B
Cops A: five years A: one year
a plea B: one year B: one year
What a rational person would do depends on the probability that other will cop a plea.
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