AP Psychology by Mr. Schlecht



#1 Personality Practice TestChapter 12Name___________________AP Psychology1. Psychologists who study personality focus on theA. enduring traits and qualities we demonstrate over time.B. permanent behavior changes that occur due to experience.C. meaningful interpretation of sensation.D. behaviors that result from learned associations.2. If Freddie’s id was in charge when his boss told him that he was an incompetent fool, Freddie mightA. agree to work harder.B. start to cry.C. punch his boss in the face.D. ask to be transferred.3. According to Freud, the ego is referred to as a mediator because itA. is the first to form and therefore the most senior personality structure.B. functions primarily in the conscious mind.C. must balance the needs of the id, superego, and reality.D. is the only personality structure that generates psychic energy.4. Kira finds an abandoned wallet with three hundred dollars in it and no identification. The decision to keep the money or turn it in will cause the greatest conflict between theA. pleasure principle and the ego.B. id and the superego.C. reality principle and the superego.D. id and the ego. 5. Michelle was reared in a home where high moral principles dominated. She has attended Sunday school and church since early childhood. In high school, her boyfriend tried to talk her into “sleeping” with him, but something from inside her told her not to. She felt very proud of herself afterward for holding her ground. According to Freud, which personality structure made Michelle feel proud of her response?A. superegoB. reality principleC. idD. ego6. Which of the following is a defense mechanism?A. castration anxietyB. Oedipus complexC. fixationD. reaction formation7. Jeff experiences a lot of aggressive feelings toward his overprotective stepfather. Because he is powerless to aggress openly against his stepfather, Jeff becomes a very aggressive forward on his basketball team. This is an example ofA. castration anxiety.B. sublimation.C. repression.D. displacement. 8. Oberon has always been fascinated by fire, but he knows that it can be dangerous and sometimes lethal. When he finished high school, he decided to become a firefighter. The job is extremely fulfilling for him. Freud would probably say that Oberon’s fascination with fire A. is due to fixation in the phallic psychosexual stage.B. has been sublimated into a socially desirable behavior.C. is symbolic of the superego.D. is an example of the Oedipus complex transforming itself.9. What defense mechanism is being used when the ego transforms the unacceptable (e.g., looking at pornography) into the acceptable (e.g., becoming a vocal advocate against pornography)?A. regressionB. displacementC. sublimationD. reaction formation10. If you had to write a research paper on ego defense mechanisms, which of the following would be the most appropriate summary position?A. Defense mechanisms are a person’s conscious attempts to escape their problems.B. The most effective way to deal with a problem is to use an ego defense mechanism.C. The use of defense mechanisms can be beneficial to psychological health.D. The use of defense mechanisms usually indicates an impending psychological breakdown.11. When Peter is not biting his nails, he is chewing on a pencil. Freud would argue that Peter is fixated at the ________ stage.A. oral B. anal C. phallic D. genital 12. According to Horney, women might envy the penis but what they really want isA. a man to protect and shelter them.B. the status bestowed to those who have one.C. stronger superegos and moral convictions.D. the intellectual capacity that will make them equal to a male.13. At home Carrie is moody, self-centered and bossy. At social events, Carrie is the life of the party. She is funny, happy, and demonstrates social graces that none of her family ever see at home. What is Jung’s explanation of Carrie’s behavior?A. Carrie adopts her persona at parties.B. Carrie becomes her mandala at parties.C. Carrie is her anima at home.D. Carrie is her archetype at home.14. Adler focused on ________ psychology.A. socialB. behavioral C. individualD. humanistic15. Jamar is four foot eight inches tall and drives a very large car. How would Adler explain Jamar’s choice in cars?A. penis envyB. superiority strivingC. compensationD. persona16. What approach to personality assumes that human nature is basically good?A. personologyB. humanisticC. social cognitiveD. All of these.17. Brittney is a counselor who believes that her clients have the innate ability to make good choices. She accepts each individual as they are and as a person in the process of change. It is important to her that her clients learn to evaluate themselves and not depend on the opinion of others. Brittney?is practicing A. gestalt therapy.B. psychoanalytic counseling.C. social cognitive therapy. D. humanistic counseling. 18. Maslow would argue that Gus went back to school at age forty becauseA. he had unresolved childhood issues.B. he wanted to change his persona.C. he chose to fully develop his potential.D. he wanted to prove that he is intellectually capable.19. Which of the following people could be considered a self-actualizer according to Maslow?A. Marion is a stay-at-home mom and is devoted to her husband and children.B. Lucy appreciates art, music, and philosophy.C. Vince is the “life of the party” and has many friends.D. All of these.20. According to humanistic theory, a child who receives ________ from her parents is likely to avoid the problems associated with ________.A. unconditional positive regard; ego dominanceB. conditions of worth; positive self-regard needsC. consistent discipline; ego dominanceD. unconditional positive regard; conditions of worth21. Which of the following is NOT an element of Carl Rogers’ theory?A. unconditional positive regardB. empathyC. genuinenessD. defense mechanisms22. According to Rogers, which of the following behaviors should receive unconditional positive regard?A. making an A on your report cardB. helping an elderly woman to cross the streetC. cutting in front of your friend at the lunch buffetD. All of these.23. Octavia enjoys being around others and is well-known for her social graces. She is warm and engaging with everyone she meets regardless of whether the setting is the classroom, her workplace, a restaurant, or her own home. Since Octavia has a fairly stable way of relating to other people, we can say that her behavior is probably A. related to her desire for achievement.B. a manifestation of a personality trait.C. a manifestation of her superego. D. due to the Oedipus complex. 24. Which of the following accurately describes how factor analysis is used to identify personality traits?A. Factor analysis allows researchers to create operational definitions of theoretically generated personality traits.B. Factor analysis permits trait inferences by examining people’s responses to ambiguous stimuli.C. Factor analysis identifies which traits go together in terms of how they are rated.D. Factor analysis allows researchers to use projective tests to determine durable traits. 25. According to the five-factor model of personality, a person who is reserved and quiet is low onA. openness.B. extraversion.C. agreeableness.D. neuroticism.26. Who is likely to rate the highest on the openness scale?A. Kim loves to dance at parties.B. Jillian donates her old clothes to the homeless.C. Jordan routinely complains of soreness in her back.D. Beverly is willing to try a bite of everyone’s dinner at the new sushi bar.27. ________ coined the term “personology”.A. SkinnerB. RogersC. MurrayD. Adler28. You are a personality researcher and want to continue in the tradition of Henry Murray. This means you will be especially interested inA. the whole person rather than specific traits.B. sexual fantasies rather than overt behaviors.C. overt behaviors rather than inner thoughts.D. personality traits rather than unconscious needs.29. According to ________, the person, the person’s behavior, and the environment all influence one another in a pattern of two-way causal links.A. reciprocal determinismB. reinforcement sensitivity theoryC. behavioral geneticsD. psychodynamic theory30. DeShawn graduated from college with honors and approaches most aspects of life with the expectation that he will be successful. He expects a great deal of himself and sets his goals high. After his interview for a job in the most prestigious company in his state, he was convinced that he would get the job. You could say that he A. has learned external control. B. displays a cardinal trait. C. has a strong tendency to be conceited. D. has high self-efficacy. 31. According to your textbook, ________ nearly derailed the scientific study of personality by challenging the assumption that personality traits are ________.A. Mischel; consistentB. Freud; consciously expressedC. Horney; masculineD. Bandura; inherited32. Walter Mischel's view of situationism infers thatA. situations are more important than traits.B. personality varies considerably from one context to another.C. an individual's personality is more important in one situation than another.D. reinforcers in the environment help shape personality traits.33. A major criticism of the social cognitive theory of personality is that it focusesA. solely on the dominant culture and ignores the possibility of cultural differences.B. so much on generalities that it cannot be easily applied to specific situations.C. too much on consistency in human personality.D. so much on the individual that it makes generalizations impossible.34. According to Gray, one might predict that an optimistic person has a more dynamic ________ system.A. behavioral activationB. behavioral inhibition C. behavioral synthesis D. behavioral reduction 35. According to Gray, which of the following brain structures is NOT directly involved in the system for affective style?A. amygdalaB. thalamusC. prefrontal cortexD. anterior cingulated cortex36. Which neurotransmitter is most closely linked to neuroticism?A. dopamineB. serotoninC. norepinephrineD. acetylcholine37. Your roommate hates listening to the news reports and refuses to read a newspaper. He claims that people are getting worse and worse and that older people are just as irresponsible and mean as younger ones. Does the evidence support your roommate’s position?A. Yes, studies on personality show that people of all ages are becoming more neurotic.B. Yes, studies on personality show that people of all ages are becoming less tolerant.C. No, studies on personality show that people of all ages are becoming more open.D. No, studies on personality show that, as they age, people become more agreeable.38. A self-report test that presents many questionnaire items to two groups that are known to be different in some central way is called a ________ test.A. social desirabilityB. thematic apperceptionC. RorschachD. empirically keyed39. Amelia was very excited when she was called in for an interview for a teller position with the local bank. As a part of the interview process, she was required to take the MMPI. She wonders why the bank would require her to take the test as a condition of employment. You are a psychology major. What do you tell Amelia about the use of the MMPI in employment settings?A. It is used often by employers as a hiring tool.B. It can accurately predict the type of reward system an employee expects.C. It can accurately predict the minimum salary expectations of an employee.D. It is used to determine intellectual ability levels, especially in terms of problem-solving.40. Which of the following is NOT a self-report test?A. MBTIB. MMPIC. TATD. NEOPIR41. Face validity refers to whether or notA. two examiners will agree about a person’s personality traits.B. the purpose behind the test questions can be guessed.C. the personality test will predict behavior outside the test situation.D. the person is giving answers that will make them look better.42. Projective tests are most closely aligned with which perspective on personality?A. humanisticB. behavioristC. social cognitiveD. psychodynamic43. Vickie is doing a research paper on projective personality tests. What conclusions should she draw regarding the Rorschach inkblot test?A. The test is highly regarded and utilized heavily in personality research.B. The test is one of the most objective tests used in clinical research.C. The test has been shown to be extraordinarily reliable.D. Many psychologists have questioned the reliability and validity of the test.44. Which of the following statements about projective measures is accurate?A. They have high validity and they are popular in clinical settings.B. They have high validity but they are not very popular in clinical settings.C. They have low validity but they are popular in clinical settings.D. They have low validity and they are not very popular in clinical settings.45. Researchers view “optimism” as A. the expectancy that bad things are not likely to occur in the future.B. how a person explains the causes of bad events.C. the expectancy that good things are more likely to occur in the future.D. All of these.46. What aspect of Type A behavior is most strongly related to heart disease?A. anal retentivenessB. hostilityC. competitivenessD. impatience ................
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