THREE ESSAYS ON THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN SOCIAL …
THREE ESSAYS ON THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN SOCIAL CRISES: A COLLECTIVE SENSEMAKING VIEW
Doctoral Dissertation by
Onook Oh
May 13, 2013 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of
the State University of New York at Buffalo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Management Science and Systems School of Management
i
UMI Number: 3598728
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My hat is off to my dissertation committee (Dr. H.Raghav Rao, Dr. Rajiv Kishore, Dr. Sanjukta Das Smith, and Dr. Shambhu Upadhyaya), all my colleagues (too many to list), my wife (Sunhae Kwon), my daughter (Kyeong-Joo Oh), my mother (Jungja Lee), and parent-in-law (Heejung Kwon and Dongbun Kim). Thank you for all your guidance, friendship, patience, and love. You are all parts of my life and long journey. Thank you again!
ii
Table
of
Contents
ABSTRACT.
...............................................................................................................................................v
ESSAY
1:
INFORMATION
CONTROL
AND
TERRORISM:
TRACKING
THE
MUMBAI
TERRORIST
ATTACK
TROUGH
TWITTER
. ....................................................................................
1
1.
INTRODUCTION
...........................................................................................................................................
1
2.
PPRIOR
LITERATURE.
................................................................................................................................
3
2.1
Cyber
Terrorism.
.......................................................................................................................................................
3
2.2.
Information
Warfare
(IW)
. ...................................................................................................................................
5
3.
ANALYSING
THE
MUMBAI
TERRORIST
EVENT
. .................................................................................
6
3.1
Situation
Awareness:
Terrorist
Perspective.
.................................................................................................
7
3.2
Case
Study:
Mumbai
Terrorist
Incident.
..........................................................................................................
9
4.
CONTENT
ANALYSIS
OF
MUMBAI
TWITTER
FEED
. ........................................................................
1 2
5.
INFORMATION
CONTROL
FRAMEWORK
...........................................................................................
1 7
6.
CONCLUSION
. ..............................................................................................................................................
2 1
ESSAY
2:
COMMUNITY
INTELLIGENCE
AND
SOCIAL
MEDIA
SERVICES:
A
RUMOR
THEORETIC
ANALYSIS
OF
TWEETS
DURING
SOCIAL
CRISES
. ..............................................
2 4
1.
INTRODUCTION
.........................................................................................................................................
2 4
2.
SOCIAL
CRISIS
AND
INFORMATION
ISSUES
......................................................................................
2 5
3.
THEORETICAL
FOUNDATION:
RUMOR
THEORY
AND
SOCIAL
CRISES
. ....................................
2 7
3.1
Anxiety
. .......................................................................................................................................................................
2 9
3.2
Information
Ambiguity:
Source
Ambiguity
and
Content
Ambiguity
. ...............................................
3 0
3.3
Personal
Involvement.
..........................................................................................................................................
3 2
3.4
Social
Ties:
Direct
Message
. ...............................................................................................................................
3 3
4.
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
. ..................................................................................................................
3 5
4.1
Backgrounds
of
the
Three
Social
Crises
Under
Analysis
. ......................................................................
3 5
4.2
Data
Collection.
........................................................................................................................................................
3 8
4.3
Unitizing
. ....................................................................................................................................................................
3 9
4.4
Coding
Scheme.
........................................................................................................................................................
4 0
4.5
Inter--Coder
Reliability
.........................................................................................................................................
4 1
4.6
Analysis
Method.
.....................................................................................................................................................
4 3
5.
RESULTS
. ......................................................................................................................................................
4 5
6.
DISCUSSION
. ................................................................................................................................................
4 7
6.1
Key
Findings
. ............................................................................................................................................................
4 7
6.2
Theoretical
Contributions.
..................................................................................................................................
5 3
6.3
Practical
Contributions
. .......................................................................................................................................
5 3
7.
FUTURE
RESEARCH
AND
CONCLUSION
. .............................................................................................
5 5
ESSAY
3:
FROM
PRINT
AND
REPRINT
TO
TWEET
AND
RETWEET:
AN
EXPLORATION
OF
SOCIAL
MEDIA,
INFORMATION
DIFFUSION
AND
RADICAL
SOCIAL
CHANGES
.........
5 7
1.
INTRODUCTION
.........................................................................................................................................
5 7
2.
THE
ROLE
OF
SOCIAL
MEDIA
IN
SOCIAL
CHANGES:
A
TECHNO--CENTRIC
VS.
HUMAN--
CENTERED
VIEW
. ...........................................................................................................................................
5 9
3.
PRINT
TECHNOLOGIES
AND
SOCIAL
CHANGES:
BUILDING
THE
RESEARCH
FRAMEWORK
.............................................................................................................................................................................
6 3
4.
FROM
PRINT
AND
REPRINT
TO
TWEET
AND
RETWEET
. .............................................................
6 6
iii
5.
BACKGROUND
OF
THE
2011
EGYPT
REVOLUTION
. .......................................................................
6 9
6.
RESEARCH
METHOD.
................................................................................................................................
7 0
6.1
Data
Collection
and
Cleaning.
............................................................................................................................
7 0
6.2
Testing
a
Power--Law
Structure
to
Identify
Influential
Voices.
...........................................................
7 2
6.3
Retweet
Network:
Assembling
of
Multiple
Voices
into
Connected
Ideas
. .....................................
7 5
7.
DATA
ANALYSIS
. ........................................................................................................................................
7 9
7.1
Characteristics
of
Frequently
Retweeted
Users
. .......................................................................................
7 9
8.
DISCUSSION
. ................................................................................................................................................
8 4
9.
CONCLUSION
. ..............................................................................................................................................
8 7
CONCLUDING
REMARKS
. ..................................................................................................................
8 9
REFERENCES
........................................................................................................................................
9 2
APPENDIX
1
. ......................................................................................................................................
102
iv
................
................
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