EVALUATE ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC …
EVALUATE ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS IMPACTING ON SUSTAINABLE AND RESPONSIBLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
INTRODUCTION:
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A. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM:
• It is a situation in which tourism functions
• It is tourism that contributes to the environment, people and the economy.
• It should give the same development opportunities to all people and should improve the standard of living of the host community without destroying the environment.
• It should maintain a high quality of the environment by reducing pollution and other human impact and managing natural resources with care.
• When we talk about sustainable tourism, we refer to an end goal – where we want to go to
IF TOURISM IS TO BE SUSTAINABLE, IT MUST ALSO BE RESPONSIBLE
B. RESPONSIBLE TOURISM:
• It is an approach that seek to change behaviour to increase the sustainability of tourism activities
• It is about the way in which we operate tourism businesses and about the behaviour of tourists.
• To avoid waste and over-consumption (the three r’s – re-use; re-cycle; renewable)
• To use local resources sustainable
• To behave ethically
• To encourage natural, economic, social and cultural diversity
• To be sensitive to the culture of the host community
• Involve the local community in planning and decision-making
• To assess environmental, social and economic impacts of tourism development
➢ Millennium Development Goals: it is a set of quality of life objectives that were drawn up to ensure that poor and marginalised groups see an improvement in their standards of living and the opportunities that they receive.
➢ These goals are therefore focused largely on social and economic sustainability.
➢ You can’t talk about a sustainable world while people are living in poverty and disease.
➢ Millennium Development Goals:
❖ Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
❖ Achieve universal primary education
❖ Promote gender equality and empower women
❖ Reduce child mortality
❖ Improve maternal health
❖ Combat HIV/Aids, malaria and other diseases
❖ Ensure environmental sustainability
❖ Develop a global partnership for development
➢ Some people choose to form “eco-villages” to become more sustainable. They try to live more simply and to use local products and services to survive. They try to re-establish communities of support in which children are safe, simple living is encouraged and connectivity to the natural world is ensured.
➢ You can also change your life at home: sharing lifts, recycling waste, install solar panelling and rain water tanks, getting involved in community projects, demanding basic services at a local level and ensuring you buy local and organic products.
• To promote tourism that respects the local, natural and cultural environments.
• To make sure that communities are involved in and benefit from tourism
Role of the community (threats and solutions) –see diagram
a. Enclave tourism: When tourism development, usually done by a foreign-owned company, benefits the most and the host community benefits very little and is largely excluded from the tourism activities. For example: “all-inclusive packages” can be an example of this – tourists remain for their entire stay on board the same cruise ship or at the same resort. They are provided with everything they need, spend all their money, not much opportunity is left for local people to share in or benefit from tourism.
b. To prevent economic leakages: this happen when the local economy does not benefit from money spent by tourists. It occurs when money doesn’t stay in the area in which tourism occurs but leaves the local community. This happens when goods and services are purchased from outside the area or when foreign owners taken their profits out of the area.
c. Responsible tourism is all about creating local linkages – employing local people, producing local goods and services. Investing in social services in the local area and respecting the local natural environment.
d. Pro-Poor Tourism: is a concept that has been created to describe tourism that deliberately creates local linkages and benefits. An example of this is a major tourism corporation that deliberately employs local people, sources goods and services like food, crafts, linen and security services from the local economy and assists in setting up local enterprises.
e. The multiplier effect: This is an economic theory that suggests that money spend in a particular area creates jobs, which in turn creates demand for other products and services in the local community/economy. Money spent by tourists in an area is re-spent in the local community, e.g. a guesthouse will buy its goods and services locally and its employees will also spend a proportion of their wages on products and services produced by local businesses.
• To promote tourism that respects the local, natural and cultural environments.
BIODIVERSITY: It is a term that describes the variety of life forms and natural patterns on Earth. The earth has a great range of plants, animals and other organisms.
HABITAT: Each has a place on our planet, and has its own habitat, such as forests, lakes, mountains, wetlands, oceans and deserts.
ECOSYSTEM: The place where certain groups of organisms live and thrive.
CONCLUSION:
EXAMINE Kofi Annan’s definition of sustainable development:
In your own words explain what he meant by sustainable development: Focus p 39
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THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
▪ One of the challenges in sustainable development is that, as is often the case, it is those people who have power who decide what is important and what should be discussed.
▪ One of the key focuses of sustainability is on how decisions are made. What is important here is that the process according to which decisions are made, and actions taken, includes everyone.
▪ If decision-making is democratic: it means that everyone has a right to be involved in the decision-making.
▪ To ensure that all stakeholders are given an opportunity to ask questions and voice their concerns. ‘To go the extra mile’
▪ In bringing about sustainable development in your neighbourhood, the local government is important.
▪ Many of the policies that local government is required to implement require that they consult all stakeholder groups adequately.
THE TYPE OF RESOURCES IMPORTANT OR NEEDED TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM:
▪ There should be a set of cultural, physical, social and natural characteristics in the area
▪ There should be an adequate tourism infrastructure, or money to develop it
▪ The area should be larger than only the community or tourism product
▪ The area should contain already existing tourist attractions or the potential to support the development of attractions to draw tourists
▪ The region or product should be accessible to large population base
▪ Public authorities or an elected council must take responsibility for planning and management
▪ An active private sector.
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