Definition of psychology



1. Definition of psychology – scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

2. Goals of psych

a. Describe

b. Predict

c. Explain

d. Influence

3. Six approaches to psych

a. Psychoanalytic

b. Behavioral

c. Humanistic

d. Cognitive

e. Biological

f. Sociocultural.

4. Types of research

a. Naturalistic observation

b. Case studies

c. Surveys

d. Longitudinal studies

e. Cross-sectional studies

f. Correlations and Explanations

g. Experiments

5. Human development:

a. Piaget’s stages pp.75

b. Freud’s pp.82

c. Erickson’s stages of Psychosocial pp.84

d. Kohlburg’s stages pp.86

6. Classical Conditioning, ucs, ucr, ns, cs, cr

7. operant conditioning

a. positive reinforcement

b. positive punishment

c. negative reinforcement

d. negative punishment

8. Schedules of reinforcement:

a. Fixed Ratio

b. Fixed interval

c. Variable ratio

d. Variable interval

9. Processes of Memory

a. Encoding

b. Storage

c. Retrieval

10. Three stages of memory

a. Sensory

b. Short-term

c. Long-term

pp. 275 fig 10.2

11. Retrieving Information

a. Recognition

b. Recall

i. Reconstructive

ii. Confabulation

iii. Schemas

iv. Eidetic

c. Relearning

d. forgetting

12. Kinds of Thinking

A. Convergent/Directed

B. Divergent/non-directed

C. Metacognition

13. Language

a. Structure

i. Phonemes

ii. Morphemes

iii. Syntax

iv. Semantics

14. Motivation

a. Intrinsic

b. Extrinsic

i. Instinct

ii. Drive-reduction

iii. Incentives

iv. Cognitive

v. Biology

vi. Social

vii. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

15. personality

a. id, ego, superego

b. defense mechanisms

c. inferiority complex

16.Study table on 403. You will need to know this.

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