White Plains Public Schools / Overview



The Progressive Movement

US History/Napp Name: ___________________

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“The early progressives rejected Social Darwinism. In other words, they were people who believed that the problems society faced (poverty, violence, greed, racism, class warfare) could best be addressed by providing good education, a safe environment, and an efficient workplace. Progressives lived mainly in the cities, were college educated, and believed that government could be a tool for change. Social reformers, like Jane Addams, and journalists, like Jacob Riis and Ida Tarbel, were powerful voices for progressivism. They concentrated on exposing the evils of corporate greed, combating fear of immigrants, and urging Americans to think hard about what democracy meant. Other local leaders encouraged Americans to register to vote, fight political corruption, and let the voting public decide how issues should best be addressed (the initiative, the referendum, and the recall). On a national level, progressivism gained a strong voice in the White House when Theodore Roosevelt became president in 1901. TR believed that strong corporations were good for America, but he also believed that corporate behavior must be watched to ensure that corporate greed did not get out of hand (trust-busting and federal regulation of business). Progressivism ended with World War I when the horrors of war exposed people’s cruelty and many Americans associated President Woodrow Wilson's use of progressive language (‘the war to make the world safe for democracy’) with the war.”

~ gmu.edu

Questions:

1- What did early progressives reject? ________________________________________________________________________

2- Define Social Darwinism [previous knowledge]. ________________________________________________________________________

3- What did Progressives believe was the best way to address society’s problems? ________________________________________________________________________

4- Describe the men and women who joined the Progressive Movement. ________________________________________________________________________

5- Identify the names of significant Progressives. ________________________________________________________________________

6- What did progressives try to change? ________________________________________________________________________

7- When did progressivism gain a strong voice in the White House? ________________________________________________________________________

8- What did Theodore Roosevelt believe about strong corporations? ________________________________________________________________________

9- How did World War I affect the Progressive Movement? ________________________________________________________________________

10- Why did Progressivism end? ________________________________________________________________________

11- Why do the Progressives remind the student of history of the European Enlightenment? ________________________________________________________________________

Analyze the Chart:

The Progressive Movement, 1900 – 1920

|Primary Goals: |The Need for Reform: |Muckrakers: |

| | | |

|* To correct the political and economic |* The rise of industry had brought many new |* Investigative reporters, writers and social |

|injustices that had resulted from America’s |social problems: brutal working conditions, |scientists who exposed the abuses of industrial|

|industrialization |child labor, political corruption, urban |society and corruption in government |

| |overcrowding, misuse of the environment, | |

|* Appalled at the increasing inequalities |extreme inequalities of wealth, and the abuse |* Became known as muckrakers because they |

|between the wealthy and the poor |of consumers |“raked” up the muck or dirt of American life |

| | | |

|* Did not oppose industrialization but wanted |* Support came mainly from the middle class who|* The examined the rise of industry and the |

|to use the power of government to correct its |felt threatened by the rise of big business, |abuses that had often led to the accumulation |

|evils so that all Americans, not just the |labor unions, and political machines |of large fortunes |

|wealthy, could enjoy better lives | | |

| |* Often acted out of a sense of moral |* Jacob Riis, Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens, |

|* Felt they also had to reform government |responsibility derived from religion [Social |Frank Norris, and Upton Sinclair |

|itself – which had been corrupted by big |gospel Movement; especially concerned with the | |

|business and political “bosses” |needs of the poor] |~ The Key to Understanding U.S. History and |

| | |Government |

1- Identify two significant goals of the Progressive Movement: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2- Explain the Progressive view on industrialization. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3- Why did Progressives believe that it was necessary to reform government? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4- What problems had the rise of industry brought? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5- Why did members of the middle class support the Progressives? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6- How did religion influence the Progressives? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7- Who were the Muckrakers? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8- Why were these individuals called “Muckrakers”? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9- What did muckrakers examine? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10- Identify several significant muckrakers: ________________________________________________________________________

Analyze the following chart:

|Municipal Reform |State and Political Reform |

|* Cities had grown so fast in the late 19th century that city services|* At the state level, Progressive governors like Robert LaFollette in |

|were inadequate |Wisconsin and Theodore Roosevelt in New York took steps to free their |

| |state governments from corruption and made them more democratic |

|* City governments were often controlled by “political machines” run | |

|by political bosses |* Many of the measures Progressives introduced to state governments |

| |were later adopted at the federal level |

|* Political machines provided immigrants and the working poor with | |

|jobs, housing, loans, and help in obtaining citizenship |* Progressive Measures: |

| |-Secret ballot |

|* In exchange, these residents voted for candidates recommended by the|-Initiatives; voters could directly introduce bills in the state |

|boss |legislature and could vote on whether they wanted a bill passed |

| |-Referendum; voters could compel legislators to place a bill on the |

|* The machine used its control of city government to steal from the |ballot for approval |

|public treasury through bribes |-Direct Party Primaries |

| |-Direct Election of Senators (17th Amendment) |

|* Progressives replaced the rule of “bosses” with public-minded mayors|-Laws to deal with the worst effects of industrialization |

| |-Laws to conserve natural resources and to create wildlife preserves |

|* Progressives expanded city services to deal with overcrowding, fire | |

|hazards, and the lack of public services | |

|~ The Key to Understanding U.S. History and Government | |

* In 1883, Congress passed the Pendleton Act, creating a Civil Service Commission which gave competitive exams and selected appointees to permanent posts on the merit system.

1- Identify two significant municipal reforms. ________________________________________________________________________

2- Identify two significant political reforms. ________________________________________________________________________

3- Identify a significant federal reform. ________________________________________________________________________

|Which action was necessary to change from the indirect to the direct |Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert M. LaFollette are all |

|election of United States Senators? |considered progressives because they |

|ratification of a constitutional amendment |supported the formation of the first trade union |

|passage of a Federal law |used Presidential power to break up strikes |

|a Supreme Court decision |worked to limit the power of big business |

|a national referendum |formed the first civil rights organizations |

| | |

|An important political aim of the Progressive movement was to |A major goal of reformers during the Progressive Era was to |

|guarantee government jobs for the unemployed |end segregation in the South |

|stimulate democratic reforms such as the initiative and the referendum|correct the abuses of big business |

| |limit immigration from Latin America |

|create a unicameral national legislature |enact high tariffs to help domestic industry grow |

|increase the participation of African Americans in the Federal | |

|Government |Jacob Riis, in How the Other Half Lives, and Lincoln Steffens, in The |

| |Shame of the Cities, contributed to reform movements in the United |

|Congress has attempted to deal with the issue of taxing citizens |States by |

|fairly by enacting a |exposing poverty and corruption |

|high tariff |opposing westward expansion |

|property tax |criticizing racial injustice |

|sales tax |supporting organized labor |

|graduated income tax | |

| |Lincoln Steffens and Jane Addams are best known for |

|During which period in United States history were the amendments |attempting to ease the problems of the urban poor |

|concerning the income tax, direct election of Senators. Prohibition, |fighting for temperance and Prohibition |

|and women’s suffrage enacted? |leading political movements on behalf of the Populist Party |

|Reconstruction |promoting the interests of organized labor |

|The Gilded Age | |

|Progressive Era | |

|New Deal | |

| | |

|Which law was passed as a result of muckraking literature? | |

|Interstate Commerce Act | |

|Sherman Antitrust Act | |

|Meat Inspection Act | |

|Federal Reserve Act | |

Analyze the following images:

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What is the meaning of the political cartoon? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[pic]

What is the meaning of the image? ______________________________________________________________________________

[pic]

What is the meaning of the political cartoon? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[pic]

What is the meaning of the political cartoon? ______________________________________________________________________________

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