Scarsdale Public Schools / Overview



MAIN IDEAS Europeans explored and colonized the Americas Different European powers (English, Spanish, French and Dutch) established colonies and competed for dominance in the New World.? The colonization of the New World had an impact on people both in Europe, America and Africa. Europeans discovered new foods in the New World which revolutionized diets and lead to a population boom. Europeans also brought crops, livestock and animals to the Americas. Some Native Americans lost land, were enslaved and got ill from European diseases. Africa was colonized by Europe and African slaves were brought to the Americas. The Colonies were established by diverse groups of people for a variety of reasons. Colonies were established for?profit, some for religious freedom. The people who settled them were people of?different religions, ethnicities, and social standing, contributing to the diversity of America Within the British colonies, the New England, Middle and Southern Colonies had unique climates, geography and economies. As part of the Mercantilist system, American colonies played an important economic role to England and were strictly regulated. This was very profitable for England, as the Colonies enjoyed vigorous trade.? England tried to regulate trade through a series of laws called the Navigation Acts.In The French and Indian War Britain and France struggled for dominance in North America. At the beginning of the war the Americans weighed a proposal to unite the under a limited colonial government, for purposes of common defense. The British won the war, but incurred a war debt for which they would tax the Americans to help pay.I. EUROPEAN EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION of AMERICA A) The First Americans1. Bering Strait Land Bridge theory =2. adaption to varied climates lead to development of unique and diverse culturesB) the VikingsC) The “Age of Discovery”Causes: Crusades fueled a desire for new trade routes Renaissance inventions improved ocean navigationEarly exploration and colonization by PortugueseD) SPANISH EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION IN AMERICA1. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 2. THE CONQUISTADORSHernando Cortes Francisco PizarroPonce De LeonFrancisco Coronado3. Spanish MissionsE) FRENCH EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION 1. Jacques Cartier- 2. Samuel Champlain-3. Roberto La Salle4. New FranceF) DUTCH EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION 1. Henry Hudson 2. Founding of New Amsterdam 3. NEW NETHERLAND4. Economy of New Amsterdam5. Life in New Amsterdam 6. Peter Stuyvesant7. The British takeoverII. FOUNDING THE BRITISH COLONIES Jamestown (1607)-Founded by Virginia Company of London-James River, Chesapeake Bay Virginia-First permanent English colony in America -early struggles of the Jamestown colony-John Smith -Starving Time- TobaccoB) Plymouth Bay (1620) & Massachusetts Bay (1630)Plymouth Bay Colony (1620) Mayflower compactMassachusetts Bay Colony (1630III. NEW ENGLAND COLONIESA) THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES 1. MASSACHUSETTS Plymouth Bay- 1620Massachusetts Bay 1630Merged in 1691 Included Maine (seceded from Mass)Government democratic, but religiousWould hold town meetingsAdult male puritans could voteTax funded church2. CONNECTICUT Thomas Hooker founds Hartford in 1635Fundamental Orders of Connecticut3. RHODE ISLAND -founded by Roger Williams in 1636 -founded on principles on religious toleration -Separation of church and state 4. NEW HAMPSHIRE B) CLIMATE & GEOGRAPHY- C) ECONOMY D) LIFE IN NEW ENGLAND Population2. Religion in New England3. Education IV. Middle ColoniesA) the Middle Colonies1. New Amsterdam/ New York2. PennsylvaniaWilliam Penn & the QuakersPennsylvania Dutch3. New Jersey4. DelawareB) Climate & GeographyC) EconomyD) LIFE IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES 1. Population2.ReligionV. SOUTHERN COLONIESFounding the Southern Colonies:1. Virginia Founded in 1607 by Virginia Company of LondonEarliest British colony in the southSucceeds with discovery that tobacco grows well there2. North & South CarolinaEarly attempts to settle unsuccessful (Roanoke)Originally established as the Province of Carolina Split into North Carolina & South Carolina3. MarylandFounded by Lord Baltimore as a haven for CatholicsPassed Act of Toleration which guaranteed religious freedom in colony, but was repealed4. GeorgiaEstablished in 1732 by James Ogelthorpe to be a haven for debtors Served as a buffer colony between Spanish Florida and the rest of the British colonies.B) Climate & GeographyC) EconomyD) Life in the Southern Colonies Plantations 2. Backcountry ................
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