Review Sheet for Midterm 1:



Study Guide, PLSC 261, Spring 2019 The test on Thurs, May 10 will cover Chapters 1, 2, & 3 in Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal and the readings we’ve treated from Ideals and Ideologies (Aristotle, Machiavelli, Tocqueville, JS Mill 2.9, Hobbes, Locke, Paine, Smith, & JS Mill 3.17). There will be more emphasis on material treated in class, as identified in the key terms & themes below.Key terms & themes to reviewFour functions of an ideologyNormative knowledge vs. Empirical KnowledgeThe 3 ideologies that shaped global politics in World War II (liberalism; socialism; fascism)Aristotle’s six-fold classification of governments (oligarchy vs. aristocracy, etc.) (see chart in Chapter 2 lecture slides)Machiavelli’s conception of republicanism (his rediscovery & interpretation of classical Roman republicanism during the Italian Renaissance)Tocqueville’s views on Democracy (what are its benefits, what are its problems)John Stuart Mill’s position on Democracy (what are its benefits, what are its problems)Majority tyranny (risk of conformity to majority opinion & threat to diversity & individual rights) in a democracyImportance of Protestant Reformation to the emergence of liberalismImportance of Capitalism to the emergence of liberalismThomas Hobbes (Proto-liberal): his approach to social contract theory His view of State of Nature (Solitary, Poor, Nasty, Brutish, Short) His view of Social Contract Why are Hobbes’ premises liberal (Argues AGAINST Divine Right of Kings Theory) Why is his view of social contract & government NOT liberal? (Leviathan = Dictator) John Locke (Founder of liberalism): his approach to social contract theory His view of State of Nature (Incommodious or Inconvenient) His view of Social Contract Crucial Importance of Property RightsThomas Paine: his approach to revolution, liberalism, & the role of governmentFrench Revolution’s rejection of Divine Right Theory of Monarchy & of the aristocratic privilege of the nobilityMercantilism - See ppt slide & the discussion in textbook that we discussed in class!Adam Smith: The night-watchman state (limited or small government & laissez-faire, laissez passer)Adam Smith argued for comparative advantage based on specialization of laborBasic definition of Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism as the basis for the classical liberalism of John Stuart Mill & Jeremy BenthamImportance of diversity, creativity, eccentricity, & freedom of expression for JS MillJohn Stuart Mill’s (JS Mill) Harm Principle We will cover May 7:Importance of “positive liberty” for welfare liberalismBasic Differences: Welfare Liberalism (New Deal Liberalism) vs. Neo-Classical Liberalism Be able to identify (recognize) Friedrich Hayek as the first key thinker in Neo-Classical Liberal tradition. (We’ll do more detail in Conservatism unit. For now, recognize him as the 1st train stop (Vienna) on the right fork of the timeline (the Neo-Classical Liberalism Line).Be able to identify TH Green, Franklin Roosevelt (FDR), John Maynard Keynes & John Rawls as key contributors on the left fork of the timeline (the Welfare Liberalism Line). (Some more detail midterm).Consensus on the Welfare State from 1932 – 1968 (To articulate briefly, FDR wins Presidency 4 consecutive times (1932; 1936; 1940; 1944). Dems control Presidency (except 1952-1960) & Congress through the period.John Rawls (1973 A Theory of Justice) – Was a defense of Welfare Liberalism in 1973 Original Position & veil of ignorance- terms he used to describe a “philosophical” State of Nature ................
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