Sociology 167 Development & Underdevelopment
Sociology 167 Development & Underdevelopment Winter 2014428053535941000Meeting: Tuesday and Thursday 10-11.45 College 8 Rm 240.Ben CrowOffice hours: Tuesday and Thursday 2-3.30 and by appointment, College 8, Room 203. Phone: 459 5503 (office); 650 245 6769 (mobile). Email: bencrow@ucsc.edu. Kevin CodyOffice hours: TBAEmail: kcody@ucsc.eduBen CrowOffice hours: Tuesday and Thursday 2-3.30 and by appointment, College 8, Room 203. Phone: 459 5503 (office); 650 245 6769 (mobile). Email: bencrow@ucsc.edu. Kevin CodyOffice hours: TBAEmail: kcody@ucsc.eduIn this class we examine ideas and debates about development in the Global South or Third World. We explore alternative meanings of ‘development’, recent work on the impact of colonial rule, how some economies have industrialized, ideas about agrarian change and recent research on paths out of poverty. Overall, the class is intended to introduce ideas that illuminate social progress and regress, particularly in the Global South. Many readings are recent journal papers on the topic of development. I want you to become familiar with finding, downloading and reading journal articles in the field so that you can undertake research and follow new findings on development. Some of these papers are not easy to read. I hope to give you guidance on how to get the most out of them. Books and readingsThere are two textbooks that can be obtained from the Bay Tree Bookstore and are also on reserve in McHenry Library: Sen, Amartya (1999). Development as freedom, Oxford University Press. Crow, Ben and Suresh Lodha (2011). The Atlas of Global Inequalities, UC Press.For texts marked Download, go to Online Journals on the Library web page, search for the journal (e.g. “World Development”). Follow the links to the journal database and search for the author or the title (e.g. Krishna) in the journal. Download the pdf file of the article (it usually prints ok). If you wish to access these from home, you will have to go through the off-campus access link on the menu bar at the top right of the library web page. For news reports without a URL, I would like you to search on the web for the newspaper, then search for the title, topic or author in order to find the report. Assignments: what you have to doThere will be a take-home final, a weekly quiz and a group project.Weekly quiz: There will be a quiz most weeks through ecommons. This will be available usually on a Friday and due on the Monday at Noon. Your answers need to be submitted through the ecommons site (not sent as attachments). A project is to be completed in groups of 5. Each group will take a question, like one of the following, to research (we will spend some class time amending and improving this list): Does fair trade in tea/coffee provide significant benefits for growers?Pick a society: Describe immanent and intentional changes in the society over the last 100 years. Give examples of their interaction. What are the arguments for, and the practical difficulties facing, colonial reparations? What information and communications technologies might assist paths out of poverty? And, what are their limitations? What do big foundations, like the Gates Foundation, focus upon and why? There will be two teams for most topics. We will vote collectively on the quality of the presentations. The better of each pair of teams may receive bonus marks in their final grade. Since the course will be assessed on a curve, this bonus mark may be important. These projects tackle big, challenging questions. You need all five members of your team to work on different aspects of the question. Each member of the team must have a clearly defined task, and must provide evidence that progress has been made in that task. Project deadlines are Thursdays of each of the following weeks: 4 outline and annotated bibliography, 6 draft, 9 final report. The final report should be no more than 12 pages, including references, tables and any graphics. Grades for the project will reflect 1 votes of the class 2 innovation 3 breadth of reading and research. Assessment itemPercent of final gradeGroup project20Weekly quizzes30Final exam30Active section participation10Participation in class (asking questions, making great points, coming to office hours)10Total 100Academic integrityYou need to avoid presenting other people’s work (e.g. on web sites) as your own. The university takes a dim view of plagiarism (hassle, failing grades, reports, suspension, and the like). This document gives information on how to avoid plagiarism:Library guide on Citing Sources and Plagiarism: HYPERLINK "" Topics and ReadingsWeek 1 Introducing Development 1/7 Tu: Introductions, housekeeping, working out some ground rules for discussion in class. We will look at and talk about this video. Hans Rosling of Gapminder illustrates key aspects of global change in the last 200 years: HYPERLINK "" , I will talk briefly about this reading: Crow and Lodha (2011) Atlas of Global Inequalities. Introduction. 1/9 Thu: Sen, A (1999) Development as Freedom: Introduction and Chapter 1. Thomas, A (2000). Chapter 1 'Poverty and the end of development' in Allen and Thomas (eds) Poverty and Development into the 21st Century. EcommonsDiscussion: What do you think of when someone says ‘development’? What experiences do you have of social change in your lifetime? Questions for next week’s reading: What does Sen mean by constitutive and instrumental roles of freedom? How does China reduce poverty more effectively than India? Why does life expectancy rise faster in Britain during the two wars? Week 2 Disaggregating Development There are a range of social visions, processes and projects gathered under the heading ‘development’. It is easier to understand debates about development and global integration if you are able to identify the different senses in which the term is used and the debates and tensions which different meanings may provoke. 1/14 Tu: We will talk about different senses of ‘development’. Read this news report on an initiative by the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and think of questions or points you want to bring to a discussion: Thu: Sen, A (1999) Development as Freedom: Chapter 2 Ends and means of development. Discussion: What experience do you have of poverty, deprivation in your family or place where you grew up? And, discussion of project topics and scheduling of project presentations (in weeks 8-10)Questions for next week’s readings: What three periods does Bernstein use to understand colonial rule and the expansion of capitalism? Does Bernstein think colonialism was necessary for the development of capitalism? Week 3 How did colonialism change the world? Empires, particularly the European empires of the last 500 years, have shaped the world we live in. To understand the consequences of imperial rule, it may be more helpful to analyze and describe what happened, and the continuing reverberations of those events, than to take a moral position.1/21 Tu: New York Times (2013) Caribbean Nations to Seek Reparations, Putting Price on Damage of Slavery. 10/20/13 by Stephen Castle. Download1/23 Th: Bernstein, H (2000). ‘Colonialism and capitalism’. Ch 3 in Bernstein The Class Dynamics of Agrarian Change. Ecommons Discussion: Should there be reparations for colonial rule? How could reparations work? Deadline for project outlines. Discussion of project ideas. Questions for next week’s readings: Why does Elson think it useful to talk about ‘male bias’ rather than ‘gender subordination’? What reasons does Elson describe for male bias in development outcomes? Week 4 Gender and Development Until recent decades, analysis of social change generally overlooked the interaction between domestic and economic activity. The rise of the feminist movement and growing awareness of the subordination of women has begun to illuminate the interaction. In this week we will examine some of what has been revealed. 1/28 Tu: Pearson, Ruth (2000). Rethinking gender matters in development, Ch 15, Allen and Thomas Poverty and Development into the 21st Century. Ecommons. Crow and Lodha Atlas of Global Inequalities Part 31/30 Th: Elson, Diane (1991). Male Bias in the Development Process. From Sharad Chari and Stuart Corbridge eds. (2008) The Development Reader. EcommonsDiscussion: Who does what work in your family house? Your current household? What is a household?Questions for next week’s readings: How does Chang imagine that Mozambique will develop? What sorts of livelihoods does Bebbington suggest are opened up in the Andes by globalization? Background reading (optional): Sassen, “Global Cities & Survival Circuits” in Ehrenreich and Hochschild Global WomanSen, A (1999) Development as Freedom: Ch 8 Women's agency and social changeMcKay, S. 2006. “Hard Drives and Glass Ceilings: Gender Stratification in High-Tech Production,” Gender & Society. 20(2): 207-235 DownloadWeek 5 Models of, and experiments in, development The case of South Korean development is used by Chang to introduce his revision of over-simple ideas about government roles in development. Bebbington examines new livelihoods emerging for peasants in the Andes. 2/4 Tu: Chang, Ha-Joon. (2005). The Bad Samaritans: the myth of free trade and the secret history of capitalism. Prologue: Mozambique's Economic Miracle: How to Escape Poverty. Ecommons2/6 Th: Bebbington, A. (2001). Globalized Andes? Livelihoods, Landscapes and Development. Ecumene, 8 (4). Ecommons. Discussion: What makes a model? Why do we need models? Deadline for project annotated bibliographies.Questions for next week’s readings: What are the principal reasons, identified by Krishna’s research, for escape from poverty and descent into poverty? What does Sen mean by capabilities (make a list of those mentioned)? Why does Sen think that concern about inequality should be broadened beyond income inequality? Week 6 Paths out of and into poverty, urban divisionsAmartya Sen introduces a conception of poverty broader than income. Anirudh Krishna writes about common processes that tip some households into deprivation and others that help households escape from poverty. Mike Davis describes the extraordinary extent of urban slums. 2/11 Tu: Krishna One illness away: how people become poor and how they escape poverty. Chapters one and seven. Crow and Lodha Part III Social Inequalities and Part IV Inequalities of access2/13 Th: Sen, A (1999) Development as Freedom: Chapters 4 Poverty as capability deprivation and 5 Markets, state and social opportunity. Questions for next week’s reading: What does Sen mean by a family’s entitlement? What are the five ways that Bebbington (see particularly pp2026-2028) identifies for rural Andean families to improve their living conditions? Background reading (optional) Davis, M. (2004). "Planet of Slums: Urban Involution and the Informal Proletariat." New Left Review 26 (March-April): 5-34. DownloadWeek 7 Rural crises and livelihoods Many types of crises occur in the world. All of us have been living through the results of a global financial crisis. This week we discuss Sen’s analysis of famine and rural crises, and Bebbington’s analysis of rural livelihoods. 2/18 Tu: Sen, A (1999) Development as Freedom: Chapter 7 Famines and other crises. 2/20 Th: Bebbington, A (1999) Capitals and Capabilities: A Framework for Analyzing Peasant Viability, Rural Livelihoods and Poverty. World Development 27(12): 2021 DownloadDiscussion of various crises (famine, financial) and organizing for change. Discussion of project progress. First project presentations. Next week’s reading: Why does Chang think that African governments should ‘try this at home’? What are the ‘Afro-pessimism’ arguments that Chang rebuts? Why does Zhang think industrialization is needed as a response to climate change? Background (optional)Crow, B (2001). The markets of adversity: or why the rich don’t buy rice. Ch 5 in Crow B, Markets, class and social change: Trading networks and poverty in rural South Asia. Palgrave. EcommonsWeek 8 How do societies industrialize? Changes associated with industrialization seem to be key to the raising of living standards and, perhaps surprisingly also for tackling climate change. 2/25 Tu: Chang, H.-J. (2012). Industrial Policy: Can Africa Do It? Paper presented at IEA/World Bank Roundtable on Industrial Policy in Africa, Pretoria, South Africa 3-4 July 2012. Ecommons.2/27 Th: Zhang, L.-Y. (2011). "Is industrialization still a viable development strategy for developing countries under climate change? Climate Policy Volume 11, Issue 4, 2011: pages 1159-1176. EcommonsNext week’s readings: What does Rodrik think wrong with the Washington Consensus and what are the main planks of his alternative? To what, and to which element of a US political party, does the cartoon refer? Deadline: project draft. Project presentationsBackground (optional): Jenkins, R. (1991). "Political economy of industrialisation: a comparison of Latin American and East Asian newly industrialising countries." Development and Change 22: 197-231. EcommonsWade, R. (2009). "Rethinking Industrial Policy for Low Income Countries." African Development Review Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 352 - 366. DownloadWeek 9 Austerity and its successorsIn week 9, we briefly examine the neoliberal advice about economic and development policy provided by the IMF and World Bank, and its counterpart in industrialized economies. Then, we look at emerging ideas about models of development. 3/4 Tu: Krugman, P (2012) The austerity debacle, New York Times. Ecommons. Jolly, R, and others (2012) (Be outraged: there are alternatives (Summary only)3/6 Th: Rodrik, D (2006) Goodbye Washington Consensus, Hello Washington Confusion.Deadline: project reports. Project presentations. Questions for next week’s reading: What sense of development (immanent/intentional) is Ferguson focusing upon? What does Scott mean by high modernism? Week 10 Development re-visited 3/11 Tu: Crow and Lodha (2011) Atlas of Global Inequalities. Part 8 Towards Equality. Scott, James C Seeing Like a State: ConclusionFerguson, J. (1990). The Anti-Politics Machine. Chapter 9 and Epilogue. Ecommons. 3/13 Th: Sen, A (1999) Development as Freedom: Ch 11 Social choice and individual behavior and Ch 12 Individual freedom as a social commitmentFinal presentationsFinal Exam – on ecommons. ................
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