Solution Examples - University of Jordan



Examples on Solution PreparationsExample 1 – Ammonium and Ipecacuanha Mixture BP. Mitte 100ml Master Formula Scaled Formula – 100mlAmmonium Bicarbonate 200mg 2gLiquorice Liquid Extract 0.5ml 5mlIpecacuanha tincture 0.3ml 3ml Concentrated Camphor water 0.1ml 1mlConcentrated Anise water 0.05ml 0.5 mlDouble strength chloroform water 5ml 50mlWater to 10ml to 100mlActions and Uses: Expectorant cough preparation. The benefit of expectorant mixtures is doubtful, but they may be useful as placebo and they are inexpensive. Formulation Notes: Ammonium bicarbonate, ipecacuanha and camphor water are mild expectorants. Anise water acts as a mild expectorant and flavoring agent. Liquid liquorice extract is used as a mild expectorant, flavoring and sweetening agent. Chloroform water acts as a sweetener and a preservative. Ammonium bicarbonate is soluble 1 in 5 of wate3r, so will dissolve to give a solution. All other ingredients are liquids. Method of Preparation: The ammonium bicarbonate should be weighed on a suitable balance and dissolved in approximately 15ml water, in a 100ml conical measure. The double strength chloroform water should be added to this solution. The other liquid ingredients should be measured and added to this solution. The mixture should then be made up to volume in the conical measure. It should be packed into an amber medicine bottle with a child resistant closure. The bottle should be polished and labeled, and a 5ml spoon should be given with the medicine. Shelf life and storage: Store in a cool, dry place. It is recently prepared, therefore a shelf-life of 2-3 weeks is applicable. Advice and labeling: ‘Shake well before use’. While this is not strictly required, it is good practice to include it. Example 2 – Rx 10ml Sodium Bicarbonate Ear Drop BP Master Formula Scaled Formula – 10mlSodium Bicarbonate 5g 500mgGlycerol 30ml 3mlWater to 100ml to 10mlActions and Uses: For the softening and removal of earwax (usually prior to syringing with warm water)Formulation Notes: Sodium Bicarbonate is soluble 1 in 11 of water. Glycerol is a viscous liquid used to thicken the drops, but presents problems in measuring the volume accurately. Method of Preparation: Weigh 500mg sodium bicarbonate and dissolve in 6ml of water, using a 10ml conical measure. Carefully make the volume up to 7ml using water. Carefully add glycerol up to the 10ml mark (this will result in 3ml of glycerol being added to the solution). Pack in a 10ml hexagonal, amber, ribbed bottle with a dropper. Polish and label the bottle on the thee smooth sides. Shelf-life and storage: Store in a cool, dry place. The drops are recently prepared, therefore a shelf-life of 2-3 weeks is applicable. Advice and labeling: ‘Shake well before use’ and ‘Not to be taken’. The bottle may be warmed in the hands before placing drops in the ears. A patient information leaflet should be used to describe how to use the drops.Example 3 – 200ml Diamorphine Linctus Master Formula Scaled Formula – 200mlDiamorphine hydrochloride 3mg 120mgOxymel 1.25ml 50mlGlycerol 1.25ml 50mlCompound tartrazine solution 0.06 ml 2.4mlSyrup to 5ml to 200mlActions and Uses: A cough suppressant in terminal care. Formulation notes: Oxymel is a solution of acetic acid, water, and purified honey, used as a demulcent and sweetening agent in linctuses. Glycerol is also a demulcent and sweetener. Compound tartrazine solution is a coloring agent and syrup is a demulcent vehicle. Diamorphine is soluble 1 in 1.6 of water and 1 in 12 of alcohol, so a solution will be produced. Method of Preparation: Weigh 120mg diamorphine on an appropriate balance. Transfer to a 200ml measuring cylinder. Dissolve the diamorphine in the oxymel and glycerol. Add about 50ml of syrup, then add the compound tartrazine solution. Transfer to a previously tared amber medicine bottle. Make up to volume with the syrup in the tared bottle in order to overcome difficulties in draining all the viscous mixture from a measure. Close with a child resistant closure, polish and label the bottle and give a 5ml medicine spoon or oral syringe with the medicine. Shelf life and storage: Store in a cool, dry place. It is recently prepared, therefore a shelf life of 2-3 weeks is applicable. Advice and labeling: ‘Shake well before use. The linctus should be sipped and swallowed slowly, undiluted. “The medicine may cause drowsiness. Avoid alcoholic drink” (BNF label 2). Since this patient is terminally ill, they are unlikely to be driving or operating heavy machinery so this part of the advisory label can be omitted. Alcohol should be avoided as this will increase the sedative effect. Example 4 – 50ml Chloral elixir, paediatric. For an 8-month-old baby. Master Formula Scaled Formula – 50mlChloral hydrate 200mg 2gWater 0.1ml 1mlBlackcurrent syrup 1ml 10mlSyrup to 5ml to 50mlActions and Uses: For short-term use in insomniaFormulation notes: Chloral hydrate is soluble 1 in 0.3 of water and has an unpleasant taste. Blackcurrent syrup is used as a flavoring agent to mask this. Method of Preparation: Weigh 2g chloral hydrate on a suitable balance. Transfer it to a 50ml measuring cylinder and dissolve it in water. Add the blackcurrent syrup. Add some of the syrup (rinsing the measure used for the blackcurrent syrup). Transfer the mixture to a tared, 50ml amber medicine bottle and make up to volume, to avoid loss of the viscous product in the measures. Polish and label the bottle and give a 5ml medicine spoon or oral syringe with the medicine. Shelf life and storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Choral hydrate is volatile and sensitive to light. It is recently prepared and a shelf life of 2-3 weeks is appropriate.Advice and labeling: ‘Shake well before use’ and BNF label 1 and 27. An appropriate dose for a child up to 1 year is one 5ml spoonful to be given, well diluted with water, at bedtime. The parent should be advised that this might make the child drowsy. Example 5 – Compound Sodium Chloride Mouthwash BP. Mitte 500ml. Master Formula Scaled Formula – 500mlSodium Chloride 1.5g 7.5gSodium bicarbonate 1g 5gConcentrated peppermint emulsion 2.5ml 12.5mlDouble strength chloroform water 50ml 250ml Water to 100ml to 500mlActions and Uses: Mechanically cleans and freshens the mouthFormulation Notes: Concentrated peppermint emulsion is used as a flavoring and the chloroform water is a sweetener and preservative. Sodium chloride is soluble 1 in 3 of water and sodium bicarbonate is soluble 1 in 11 of water. Method of preparation: The solids are weighed on a suitable balance and dissolved in 500ml conical measure in approximately 100ml of water. Add the double strength chloroform water and the concentrated peppermint emulsion. Make up to volume with water. Pack in an amber ribbed bottle with a child-resistant closure. Polish and label the bottle. Advice and labeling: ‘Shake well before use’. The patient should be directed to use about 15ml diluted in an equal volume of warm water, usually morning and night, unless otherwise directed. The solution should be used as a mouthwash and should not be swallowed, although reassure the patient that it is not harmful to swallow small amounts of the mouthwash. ................
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