UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA



UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Dornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences

Environmental Studies Program

Spring Semester 2020

ENST 370 Marine and Coastal Environmental Policy (Course Code 33040D)

Instructor: James A. Fawcett, Ph.D. Classroom: VKC 201

Office: AHF 141 Time: TTh 12:30-1:50 PM

Office Hours: TTh 10:30-11:30 AM 4 units

Phone: 213 740 4477 Email: fawcett@usc.edu

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Since the oceans cover 71% of the earth’s surface, developing a comprehensive understanding of environmental policy requires that we develop an appreciation of the seas, the interactions between the land and seas and the terrestrial borders to our earth’s oceans. This course is designed to develop an appreciation of the policy dynamics that regulate our use of ocean and coastal resources and the relationships between the two.

We will examine a handful of critical issues relating to ocean and coastal use and will explore the means by which we allocate use of these natural resources as well as the residual problems that demand our continuing attention as we seek to become good stewards of the marine environment. In particular, we will look at the development of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, fisheries politics and economics including exclusionary zones, marine transportation, MARPOL 73/78 (the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978), the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development of 1992 (produced as a result of the UN Conference on Environment and Development and known as the “Earth Summit”) and finally the US Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 and its implementation by the states.

We will give particular attention to the implementation of these domestic and international marine policies and will discuss how our concerns over the health of the marine environment can best be achieved. We will be looking at the nexus between economic development and environmental protection in the marine and coastal realm throughout the course and will consider the inevitable tradeoffs required of policymakers as they allocate use of these scarce resources. With respect to coastlines, there are a number of models upon which we can draw from coastal states that have labored over four decades to balance the claims of multiple users. Thus, the coastline is also a superb laboratory in which to observe, over time, institutional conflicts over land use.

This course will examine coastal management in the urban coastal zone as a microcosm of the more general conflicts that exist between public and private users of scarce land resources elsewhere. These issues are inherently multidimensional. We’ll spend a good deal of time on the conflict between development and resource protection on the coast including issues of sustainability of coastal resources. Our emphasis will be upon that elusive goal: finding a balance between resource protection and economic development especially where coastal resources are limited and claims for their use are enthusiastically expressed by multiple parties.

COURSE/LEARNING OBJECTIVES

To develop in students an appreciation of the institutions, both international and domestic, playing a role in helping our species manage our impact on the marine environment. Specifically, students should finish this course with an increased awareness of the linkages between human use of our coastal and marine environment. My hope is that awareness will stay with you, as you become good stewards of our marine and coastal resources.

COURSE ORGANIZATION

The course is divided into three broad sections: first, we will discuss basic principles that affect marine policy worldwide; in the second section we’ll examine two important uses of the marine environment, fishing and shipping; and in our third section we will look at coastal management as it attempts to regulate the impacts of human settlements on the coastal marine environment, especially in the context of global climate change.

COURSE PREREQUISITES

ENST 387, Environment and Resource Economics

GRADING

Occasional writing assignments 15%

Midterm Exam 1 15%

Midterm Exam 2 20%

Research paper: 25%

Final exam: 25%

POLICY RE PARTICIPATION AND LATE ASSIGNMENTS

We will be covering marine policy from a variety of perspectives and your understanding of the principles builds as we proceed through the course. For that reason, attendance in class is critical to a good understanding of the material.

Written material is due on the date assigned and will not be accepted late except under circumstances that the instructor determines to be extraordinary.

POLICY RE DISABILITIES

Any student requesting academic accommodations based on a disability is required to register with Disability Services and Programs (DSP) each semester. A letter of verification for approved accommodations can be obtained from DSP. Please be sure the letter is delivered to Dr. Fawcett as early in the semester as possible. DSP is located in STU 301 and is open from 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM Monday through Friday. Website and contact information for DSP: , (213) 740-0776 (Phone), (213) 740-6948 (TDD only), (213) 740-8216 (FAX) ability@usc.edu.

STATEMENT ON ACADEMIC CONDUCT AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS

Academic Conduct

Plagiarism – presenting someone else’s ideas as your own, either verbatim or recast in your own words – is a serious academic offense with serious consequences. Please familiarize yourself with the discussion of plagiarism in SCampus in Section 11, Behavior Violating University Standards . Other forms of academic dishonesty are equally unacceptable. See additional information in SCampus and university policies on scientific misconduct, .

Discrimination, sexual assault, and harassment are not tolerated by the university. You are encouraged to report any incidents to the Office of Equity and Diversity or to the Department of Public Safety . This is important for the safety of the whole USC community. Another member of the university community – such as a friend, classmate, advisor, or faculty member – can help initiate the report, or can initiate the report on behalf of another person. The Center for Women and Men provides 24/7 confidential support, and the sexual assault resource center webpage describes reporting options and other resources.

Support Systems

A number of USC’s schools provide support for students who need help with scholarly writing. Check with your advisor or program staff to find out more. Students whose primary language is not English should check with the American Language Institute , which sponsors courses and workshops specifically for international graduate students. The Office of Disability Services and Programs provides certification for students with disabilities and helps arrange the relevant accommodations. If an officially declared emergency makes travel to campus infeasible, USC Emergency Information will provide safety and other updates, including ways in which instruction will be continued by means of blackboard, teleconferencing, and other technology.

Academic policies (RECORDING OF CLASS LECTURES and purchased research)

Section 11.12 of the student handbook, SCampus, which identifies the following violations of community standards:

A. Acquisition of term papers or other assignments from any source and the subsequent presentation of those materials as the student’s own work, or providing term papers or assignments that another student submits as his/her own work.

B. Distribution or use of notes or recordings based on university classes or lectures without the express permission of the instructor for purposes other than individual or group study. This includes, but is not limited to, providing materials for distribution by services publishing class notes. This restriction on unauthorized use also applies to all information that had been distributed to students or in any way had been displayed for use in relationship to the class, whether obtained in class, via email, on the Internet or via any other media. (See Section C.1 Class Notes Policy.)

C. Recording a university class without the express permission of the instructor and announcement to the class. Recording can inhibit future free discussion and thus infringe on the academic freedom of other students as well as the instructor.

Emergency Preparedness/Course Continuity in a Crisis

In case of a declared emergency if travel to campus is not feasible, USC executive leadership will announce an electronic way for instructors to teach students in their residence halls or homes using a combination of Blackboard, teleconferencing, and other technologies.

POLICY REGARDING TEXTING

Do not text in this class; it is rude to your colleagues as well as to the professor. If you are discovered texting during class hours, I reserve the right to ask you to leave the classroom for the balance of the class period.

COMPUTER USE IN CLASS

You are welcome to take notes on your computer but please limit computer use to taking notes. It’s usually pretty obvious to me (by watching your faces) when your computer is displaying other than your notes.

READING MATERIALS

Required Texts

Timothy Beatley, David J. Brower and Anna K. Schwab. 2002. Introduction to Coastal Zone Management, Second Edition. Covelo, CA: The Island Press.

Timothy Beatley. 2009. Planning for Coastal Resilience: Best Practices for Calamitous Times. Covelo, CA: The Island Press.

Biliana Cicin-Sain and Robert W. Knecht. 1998. Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: Concepts and Practices. Washington, DC and Covelo, CA: Island Press.

Louis B. Sohn and Karen Gustafson. 1984. The Law of the Sea in a Nutshell. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.

Suzanne Iudicello, Michael L. Weber, Robert Wieland. 1999. Fish, Markets, and Fishermen: The Economics of Overfishing. Washington, DC: Island Press.

Required Online Readings

MARPOL:

Fisheries Policy: Robert Stewart. Our Ocean Planet. Online at:

UNEP (Agenda 21):

UNEP (Agenda 21, §17.1):

Recommended

Daniel A. Mazmanian and Michael E. Kraft. 1999, Toward Sustainable Communities: Transition and Transformations in Environmental Policy. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Recommended reading for those interested in these specific topics, NOT REQUIRED

Pascal Bruckner. 2014. The Fanaticism of the Apocalypse: Save the Earth, Punish Human Beings. Boston: Polity Press. (Trade paperback, ISBN-13: 9780745669779).

Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger. 2007. Break Through: From the Death of Environmentalism to the Politics of Possibility. New York: Houghton Mifflin. (Hardcover, ISBN: 9780618658251)

Ann Breen and Dick Rigby. 1997. Waterfronts: Cities Reclaim Their Edge (2nd Ed.). Washington, DC, The Waterfront Press.

Michelle Portman. 2016. Environmental Planning for Oceans and Coasts: Methods, Tools and Technologies. New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Brian Hoyle (Ed.). 1996. Cityports, Coastal Zones and Regional Change: International Perspectives on Planning and Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Some useful online references:

United Nations Environment Programme:

NOAA Office of Coastal and Ocean Resource Management: coastalmanagement.

California Coastal Commission:

Hawaii Coastal Management Program:

Rhode Island Coastal Management Program:

California Coastal Act of 1976 (as amended):

American Association of Port Authorities:

Alameda Corridor Transportation Authority:

Port of Long Beach:

Port of Los Angeles:

Port of Oakland:

Port of Stockton:

Port of San Francisco:

Toronto Waterfront Revitalization Task Force:

CLASS SCHEDULE

Week 1 Course introduction

14 Jan 2019 Overview of the course

Discussion of assignments

Discussion of terminology

Reading: None

16 Jan 2019 Property Rights: Public vs. Private (lecture I)

Reading: None

Assignment: Short essay on marine policy (DUE: Thursday, 18 January 2018)

Week 2 Review of Principles from Environmental Economics

21 Jan 2019 Property Rights: Public vs. Private (lecture II)

Reading: None

23 Jan 2019 The United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

History and structure

Reading: Sohn & Gustafson, pp. xxxvii-lxi and 1-42

Week 3 The United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

28 Jan 2019 Implementation: Maritime jurisdiction boundaries and the deep seabed and its mineral resources

Reading: Sohn & Gustafson, pp. 134-170 and 334-366

Assignment: Discussion paper #1: What is my concept of marine policy?

30 Jan 2019 The United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

Context: Why is UNCLOS so important and why did Malta play such an important role in its conception?

Week 4 The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNEP)

04 Feb 2019 Agenda 21

Reading: UNEP, Agenda 21: preamble and introduction only at:

06 Feb 2019 Section 17.1, Protection of the Oceans, All Kinds of Seas, Including Enclosed and Semi-Enclosed Seas and Coastal Areas and the Protection, Rational Use and Development of their Living Resources

Reading: UNEP, Agenda 21: Section 17.1 (url same as above)

Week 5 MIDTERM 1 & Fisheries Policy

11 Feb 2019 MIDTERM 1

13 Feb 2019 Fisheries Policy: The Basics

Reading: Stewart, Our Ocean Planet. Online at:

Week 6 Fisheries Policy

18 Feb 2019 Fisheries Policy & Economics I

Reading: Iudicello, pp. 1-57 (Introduction through Ch. 3)

20 Feb 2019 Fisheries Policy & Economics II

Reading: Iudicello, pp. 59-88 (Ch. 4 through Ch. 5)

Week 7 Fisheries Policy

25 Feb 2019 Fisheries Policy & Economics III

Reading: Iudicello, pp. 89-159 (Ch. 6)

27 Feb 2019 Fisheries Policy & Economics IV

Reading: 161-172 (Ch. 7)

Week 8 Maritime and Shipping Policy

03 Mar 2019 Flag state jurisdiction

Reading: Sohn & Gustafson, Ch. 3 & 4

05 Mar 2019 The International Maritime Organization (IMO)

Discussion of important IMO conventions: IMO Convention (1958), MARPOL, ISPS (Ch. XI-2 of SOLAS), SOLAS, and STCW discussion

Reading:

[ISPS Code: .lc/nemp/agreements/ISPS_Code_en.pdf but you can find other codes, especially MARPOL on the Internet as well. The purpose of looking at descriptions of the conventions (or their text if available) is to get an idea of how international shipping is managed by mutual consent of seagoing nations.]

Week 9 Maritime and Shipping Policy & MIDTERM 2

10 Mar 2019 Review for Midterm 2

12 Mar 2019 MIDTERM 2

Week 10 SPRING BREAK

17 Mar 2019 No class

19 Mar 2019 No class

Week 11 Coastal Management

24 Mar 2019 Fundamental Principles in Coastal Management

Reading: Beatley, Ch. 1

26 Mar 2019 Major Issues in Coastal Management

Reading: Beatley, Ch. 2

Week 12 Coastal Management

31 Mar 2019 Coastal Development Pressures and Management Responses

Reading: Beatley, Ch. 3

02 Apr 2019 Establishing Coastal Management Regimes: The US Framework

Reading: Beatley, Ch. 4

Week 13 Coastal Management

07 Apr 2019 The Federal Role in US Coastal Management

Beatley, Ch. 5

09 Apr 2019 The Role of the States in Coastal Management

Beatley, Ch. 6

Assignment: Discussion Paper #3

Week 14 Coastal Management: Applying Coastal Management Internationally

14 Apr 2019 Establishing the Need for International Concern over Coastal Management

Reading: Cicin-Sain, Ch. 3

16 Apr 2019 Marine Spatial Planning

Reading: To be assigned

Week 15 Coastal Management

21 Apr 2019 Case Comparisons in International Implementation

Reading: Cicin-Sain, Ch. 10

23 Apr 2019 A Summary of International Coastal Management Efforts

Reading: Cicin-Sain, Ch. 11

TERM PAPERS DUE

Week 16 Special Concerns

28 Apr 2019 Global Climate Change and the Implications for Sea Level Change

Reading: TBA

30 Apr 2019 Course Summary

May 13 FINAL EXAM 2:00-4:00 PM

JAF:

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