A Present perfect (1) ever, never, recently

5 Lesson

Present perfect; Agreeing and disagreeing t so, neither

A

Present perfect (1) t ever, never, recently

I/you/we/they + I've been to England. ? You haven't eaten sushi. ? Have they seen this film? Yes, they have. X No, they haven't.

he/she/it She's been to Poland. It hasn't rained recently. Has he left school? Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.

1 We use the Present perfect to talk about past actions or experiences, but we don't say exactly when they happened. We sometimes use the Present perfect with the adverbs recently/lately to talk about an action in the near past and with adverbs of frequency, such as once, twice. He's been to Paris recently. I've been to Paris last year. I've seen this film three times.

2 We also use the Present perfect with ever in questions and never in negative sentences to talk about experiences we have had or haven't had. Have you ever seen a lion? I've never been to Sweden.

3 We form the Present perfect with have/has + past

participle of the verb. We usually use the contracted

forms 've and 's when we are speaking.

4 We form the past participle of regular verbs in the

same way as the Past simple, by adding -ed to the base

form.

play ? played ? played

Irregular verbs often have a past participle which is

different from the Past simple form.

be ? was ? been

begin ? began ? begun

come ? came ? come

do ? did ? done

eat ? ate ? eaten

give ? gave ? given

go ? went ? gone

see ? saw ? seen

! Look out!

Look at the difference between been and gone: They've been to Russia. (= They've been to Russia and

come back.) They've gone to Russia. (= They're still in Russia at the

moment.) In both cases the verb is followed by the preposition to.

B

Present perfect (2) t just, already, yet

+ He's just finished his breakfast. She's already done her homework.

? Have you had dinner yet? ? They haven't left yet.

1 We use just in affirmative sentences with the Present perfect to say that something has happened very recently.

2 We use already with the Present perfect in affirmative sentences to say that something happened before the moment of speaking.

3 We use yet in questions with the Present perfect to ask about something which we expect to happen. We use not... yet in negative sentences with the Present perfect to say something we expected to happen hasn't happened yet.

C

Agreeing and disagreeing t so, neither

1 We use So... to say we agree with what someone says

in affirmative sentences or that we have had the same

experience.

So + auxiliary verb + subject pronoun

I like pizza.

? So do I.

I enjoyed the film. ? So did I.

I've been to Athens. ? So have I.

2 We use Neither... to say we agree with what someone

says in negative sentences or that we too have not had

a specific experience.

Neither + auxiliary verb + subject pronoun

I don't speak German.

? Neither do I.

I didn't go to school yesterday. ? Neither did I.

I've never eaten squid.

? Neither have I.

3 To express disagreement with affirmative sentences we use: subject pronoun + auxiliary verb + n't (not) I've visited the Pyramids. ? I haven't. I watched TV last night. ? I didn't. And with negative sentences we use: subject pronoun + auxiliary verb I didn't go to the party. ? I did. I've never been on a plane. ? I have.

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Present perfect; Agreeing and disagreeing t so, neither

5 Lesson

A

Present perfect (1) t ever, never, recently

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

the verb in brackets.

1 I've never visited (never/visit) Canada but I'm

going there next summer.

2

(you/read) any Harry Potter books?

Yes, I have.

3 We

(never have) lunch in that

restaurant. Let's go there tomorrow.

4 This is the second time I

(read) this

book.

5 Harry

(never/play) tennis.

6 We

(have) lots of homework

recently. I hope things get better soon.

7 We

(spend) a lot of money recently.

8

(ever/play) rugby? Yes, they have.

They play every Saturday.

2 Complete the sentences with been or gone.

1 I've been

to Paris loads of times. I love it.

2 Where's Patrick? He's

to the sports

centre.

3 We've never

to Melbourne. We're

going next summer.

4 My dad's

to South Africa for work.

He's staying there for three months.

5 She's just

to the supermarket. Now

she's cooking dinner.

6 Where's Amar? He's

home.

7 Where have you

? I expected you

home at seven o'clock.

8 I've

to the theatre twice this week.

B

Present perfect (2) t just, already, yet

3 Write sentences using these words and the

Present perfect. 1 miss/just/them/you

You've just missed them.

2 a/him/send/already/present/birthday/I

3 breakfast/already/have/she

4 yet/we/keys/not/the/find

5 yet/Chris/phone?

6 you/yet/do/homework/your?

7 that/I/read/book/yet/not

4 Rewrite the sentences in your exercise book,

putting the adverbs in the correct place.

1 The plane has taken off. (just)

The plane has just taken off.

2 I haven't met my new English teacher. (yet) 3 They've had lunch. (just) 4 We've seen that DVD. (already) 5 Dad has come home from work. (just) 6 Have you done your homework? (yet) 7 My parents have left for Majorca. (already) 8 I've come back from the supermarket. (just) 9 I haven't been in our new car. (yet) 10 My cousin has finished school for the summer.

(already)

8 playing/they/tennis/just/finish

C

Agreeing and disagreeing t so, neither

5 Match the sentences and the replies.

1 f I've never been to the USA.

2 I had a great time at the party. 3 I love going shopping. 4 I've been really busy lately. 5 I don't like doing homework. 6 I didn't go out last Saturday.

a Neither do I. b Neither did I. c So did I.

d So do I. e So have I. f Neither have I.

6 Translate the sentences into English in your

exercise book.

1 Non ho mai avuto l'influenza. Neanch'io.

I've never had flu. Neither have I.

2 Sono andato ad una festa grandiosa sabato. Io no. 3 Ho conosciuto tante persone famose. Io no. 4 Ho mangiato la pizza ieri sera. Anch'io. 5 Non sono mai stato a Nizza. Io s?. 6 Non mi sono alzato presto oggi. Neanch'io. 7 Sono stato malato questa settimana. Anch'io. 8 Non sono andato a scuola oggi. Io s?.

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