广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷



广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷

考试年度：2020年 　　　 考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试(自命题)

适用专业：050201 英语语言文学

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1. Gap Filling 选词填空（从列表的单词中选择合适的词完成段落/非Cloze选择填空）（30题，每题1分，共30分）

Directions: Fill in the gaps numbered 1 to 30 with appropriate words from the word list. There are more words than needed and each word can be used only ONCE. Write down the letters (A to T) representing the words after the numbers 1 to 30 for each passage on the Answer Sheet.

Passage One

The term “globalization” has been used to 1 describe the profound nature of changes affecting economies, cultures and societies worldwide from the late twentieth century 2 . Anthony Giddens has 3 globalization as “the intensification of worldwide social relations which link 4 localities in such a way that local happenings are 5 by events occurring many miles away and vice versa”.

A central feature of the new, global economy which has 6 in the context of intensified relations is that it is 7 . That is to say, the productivity and competitiveness of firms in the new economic order depend on their ability to create, 8 and apply knowledge-based information. Alongside the centrality of information and knowledge, a further 9 feature is the nature of economic organization which has emerged in late modernity. The central activities of production, consumption and 10 , as well as their components (capital, raw materials, management, information, technology, 11 ), are organized on a global 12 , either 13 or through a network of connections between different economic 14 . The importance of the information technology revolution from the 1970s onwards was that it provided the 15 or the material basis for this new economy.

Passage Two

Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams was published in 1900, a remarkable year that was 16 to change the world’s thinking profoundly. Its 17 reception was saddening – only 351 copies were 18 during the first ten years. Later, its value was 19 realized by scholars, and the book went eight 20 before the death of its author. Now, more than a hundred years has already passed, and it has been 21 into more than a dozen languages. Its influence is far 22 : it has profoundly changed the landscape not only in 23 , but also in literature, art, aesthetics, anthropology, philosophy, education, sociology and other 24 . It is reckoned as one of the three 25 books together with Darwin’s Origins of the Species and Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium.

Before Freud, dreams were not seriously considered. It was 26 as superficial, insignificant and 27 . Freud worked as a 28 for many years, dealing with hysteria. He collected many cases and began to think seriously of the 29 between dreams and the psychological condition of patients. In this book, he 30 that dreams were the fulfillment of human wishes.

2. Proofreading and error correction 改错题 (15题，每题2分，共30分)

Directions: The following passage contains 15 errors which are indicated by a number after the line. In each indicated line there is only ONE error, and for each error, you just need to change ONE word to make it correct. Write down the correct word on the Answer Sheet.

Around 1990 a number of architect around the world began developing new architectural solutions to integrate tradition for new social demands and technological possibilities. The struggle between old and new initiate the birth of a new architecture style – the International Style. The international style stresses minimalism and functionalism, rejects all essential decorative elements and is ignorant to regional characteristics. The ideals of the style are also commonly sum up in four slogans: ornament is a crime, truth to materials, form follows function, and “machines for living.” This could be sound explained in light of the Western industrialization. With their rapid development, society was also changing and evolved rapidly. There was a great demand for constructing better and affordable buildings for factories, industries, commercial complexes, and residential purposes. Thus, the overdoing ornamentation of the buildings of the previous eras, that demanded high level of craftsmanship and was time-consuming, gave way in the simple designs.

The international style first blossomed in western Europe, and than it began to flourish in the United States, and matured after World War II. Its became the dominant approach in the US for much decades.

1.__________

2.__________

3.__________

4.__________

5.__________

6.__________

7.__________

8.__________

9.__________

10.__________

11.__________

12.__________

13.__________

14.__________

15.__________

3. Sentence Completion 完成句子（根据提供的词，用合适的词的形式完成句子）（15题，每题2分，共30分）

Directions: Fill in the gaps with the proper forms of the given words. Write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.

1. Benjamin Franklin, an American who was at home wherever he went, gained wide __________ in France and also became well known in England. (popular)

2. Although women have been __________ against unjustly, they had been patient until recently. (discrimination)

3. As __________ in high places became widespread, the Roman Empire was considerably weakened. (corrupt)

4. In response to the self-study problems, this college has evolved programs to meet the ever-__________ needs of its students. (expansion)

5. Both animals and humans have been found to cope better with painful or __________ stimuli when they feel they can exercise some degree of control rather than being passive and helpless. (threat)

6. Whereas some jobs may make heavier psychological demands than others, certain sorts of people, __________ of their occupation, seem to make heavy psychological demands on themselves – and , as a result, run a greater risk of heart disease. (regard)

7. Friendships must be mutually productive. They must not be __________ to either person. (destroy)

8. While global warming is __________ an important factor, it does not fully account for these extreme and unusual weather patterns. (doubt)

9. Touch may communicate positive emotions mainly between intimates or others who have a _________ close relationship. (relation)

10. Modelling is a better way to __________ children than punishment. (social)

11. Negative events are more __________ to be reported than positive ones. (like)

12. Reforms have brought about rapid __________ growth in China in recent years. (economy)

13. Knowledge often results only after __________ investigation. (persist)

14. There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers – unread, __________. (touch)

15. Real beauty is a ___________ of external and internal beauty. (combine)

四、Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）

Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answers for the questions numbered 1 to 30. Write down the letter of your choice for each question on the Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Cate Siu is from Hong Kong, but she's a fan of Korean television shows and she keeps up with gossip about Korean celebrities on the Internet. Her favorite is a beautiful soap-opera star, Song Hye Kyo, whose bee-stung lips and feminine features she admires.

"Korean actresses have prominent and elegant noses," says Ms. Siu, a 25-year-old aspiring actress. "They look so pretty."

So, when Ms. Siu decided she'd have a better shot at breaking into the entertainment business after improving her looks with a surgical makeover, she knew where she wanted to go. In April, she flew more than 1,000 miles to a clinic in Seoul for operations to raise the bridge of her nose, make her eyes appear larger, and sharpen her chin.

Across Asia, Korea is cool. From fashion to music to film, the country of 48 million people is redefining style. And as notions of Korean beauty become popularized by the country's exploding cultural exports, women from around the region – and some men, too – are flocking to Seoul to have their faces remodeled.

"A lot of my patients bring a picture of a Korean star from a magazine and say, 'I want to look like that,'" says Chung Jong Pil, a surgeon who runs the Cinderella Plastic Surgery Clinic in a fashionable Seoul neighborhood.

Dr. Chung estimates that just under ten percent of his customers come from overseas; the rest are locals. Most of the foreign visitors come from China, he says. Jung Dong Hak, a surgeon who specializes in rhinoplasty, or nose jobs, at another Seoul clinic, says roughly 15 percent of his patients are foreign. That number has been rising in the past few years. "The increase has been very big since the Korean wave started," he says.

1. Where is the article most probably published?

A. in an academic journal

B. in a science magazine

C. in a book

D. in a newspaper

2. What kind of lips does Cate Siu like?

A. thick B. thin C. small D. pink

3. What kind of nose does Cate Siu want to have?

A. tiny and rounded

B. large and noticeable

C. dark and thin

D. flat and delicate

4. The name of Chung Jong Pil's clinic derives from _________.

A. a novel B. a fairytale C. a poem D. an essay

5. From Dr. Jung we can know that __________.

A. most of his foreign customers are the Chinese

B. more foreigners than locals take plastic surgery in Korea

C. more and more foreigners come to Korea for plastic surgery

D. most of his customers are locals

Passage Two

From early adulthood to middle adulthood, people typically experience a strengthening sense of identity, confidence, and self-esteem. In later life, challenges arise. Income shrinks, work is often taken away, the body deteriorates, recall fades, energy wanes, family members and friends die or move away, and the great enemy, death, looms ever closer. It is not surprising that many presume the over-65 years to be the worst of times. But, they are not, as Ronald Inglehart discovered when he amassed interviewed conducted during the 1980s with representative samples of nearly 170,000 people from 16 nations. Older people report as much happiness and satisfaction with life as younger people do.

If anything, positive feelings grow after midlife and negative feelings subside. Older adults increasingly use words that convey positive emotions. They attend less and less to negative information. For example, they are slower than younger adults to perceive negative faces. Their amygdale, a neural processing center for emotions, shows diminishing activity in response to negative events while maintaining its responsiveness to positive events. Moreover, the bad feelings we associate with negative events fade faster than do the good feelings we associate positive events. This contributes to most older people’s sense that life, on balance, has been mostly good. Given that growing older is an outcome of living (an outcome nearly all of us prefer to early dying), the positivity of later life is comforting.

6. It is generally believed that __________.

A. older adults have a stronger sense of identity

B. older adults have fewer friends

C. there are many problems associated with older adulthood

D. there is a positive side of older adulthood

7. It can be inferred from the passage that Ronald Inglehart is __________.

A. a scholar B. an interviewer C. a scientist D. a reporter

8. The level of happiness and satisfaction in old age __________.

A. is about the same as younger people’s

B. is obviously different from younger people’s

C. is significantly lower than younger people’s

D. is significantly higher than younger people’s

9. The brain of older people tends to __________.

A. notice negative events around them rather than positive ones

B. ignore negative events and only notice positive ones

C. more quickly forget the negative things that happen and remember the positive ones

D. more quickly forget the positive things that happen and remember the negative ones

10. The research results mentioned in the text can contribute to a more __________ attitude toward older adulthood.

A. pessimistic B. optimistic C. dubious D. uncertain

Passage Three

Today, in the hospital, surgeons and physicians have equal status. The studies of internal medicine and surgery seem supplementary to each other and are therefore treated equally. We may easily take it for granted that it was the same in the past. In fact, historically speaking, internal medicine and surgery had quite different histories, reputations and professions.

In the middle ages, in order to become a physician, one must study in a university first in liberal arts for five years, then in medicine for four years. After the long study was finished, he had to pass strict exams to graduate. He then had to obtain a license in order to begin his practice. In other words, physicians should learn from the books. A true doctor was believed to treat patients with remedies, i.e., medicine, instead of giving physical intervention. Physicians were held in high regard.

Surgeons were not ranked as high as physicians. Their profession was viewed as a “trade” (i.e. an occupation, especially one requiring skilled labor; craft), not as an “art”. Clerics used to help ill people, which was a natural calling of the Christian doctrine. But their help usually came in the form of religious prayer, and care for patients. They were forbidden to perform surgery because they were not to “spill blood”. Medical doctors, or physicians, looked down upon the profession as a “trade” beneath them and were unwilling to perform surgeries. The most suitable person for the performance of surgery was the barber, who often dealt with small cuts when they were giving a close shave. They were prepared with bandage and styptics (drugs used to stop bleeding). So when someone had an injury, or an ailment that required cutting, the barber was the most skilled person – he was a tradesman with the necessary skills. Thus the profession was often called the barber surgeon.

11. It is a popular illusion that __________.

A. surgeons and physician have equal status

B. surgeons and physician enjoyed equal status

C. the studies of internal medicine and surgery are treated equally

D. internal medicine and surgery had different reputations

12. Which of the following statements about a physician in the middle ages is FALSE?

A. A physician must study 9 years in a university.

B. It was hard to become a physician.

C. A physician was highly reputed.

D. A physician was forbidden to operate on patients.

13. What can be known about “clerics” in the past from the passage?

A. They could perform surgery.

B. It was their mission to help ill people.

C. They helped physicians to cure diseases.

D. They spilled blood when necessary.

14. What can be known about barbers in the past from the passage?

A. They were not held in high regard.

B. They were respectable members of the society.

C. They tried different types of work.

D. They tried to become physicians.

15. What might be discussed in the following paragraphs?

A. The earnings of physicians and surgeons.

B. The different lifestyles of physicians and surgeons.

C. The different status of physicians and surgeons.

D. The different contributions of physicians and surgeons.

Passage Four

A brush with death can actually improve a person’s outlook on life. That, at least, was one of the major findings of a study of some 200 people who come close to dying. Some had come through heart attack; some had fallen, come close to drowning; or survived a terrible car wreck, yet despite the variety of circumstances, they reported strikingly similar reactions to their experiences.

Perhaps most surprisingly, many said they were less frightened of death now than they were before. Like most people, before their near-death incidents many had thought death would be painful, the ultimate horror—but they didn’t find it was.

Surviving a nearly fatal experience also gave many people a sense of invulnerability（不会受伤害）that made them feel special and even religious. Several believed they had been saved because they were to fulfill some special mission in the remainder of their lives.

Perhaps not so surprisingly, these survivors also reported an increased zest for life and a determination to enjoy life more.

A few of the survivors did report negative reactions to their experience. A dozen said they felt more vulnerable, and some even felt a sense of helplessness and a loss of control over their lives. Some had become phobic about activities associated with the accident; for example, several said they could no longer swim for fear of drowning.

Yet most of those interviewees said they came away with a strong sense of renewal or rebirth. In studying their reactions researchers have concluded that these people have come to understand the relationship of life and death better and more intimately than most of us, that they have come to understand how life is actually defined by death. Life is given meaning by the fact that it will end someday.

16. What have you learned about the effects of near-death experiences on the survivors’ life?

A. They differ due to the variety of circumstances. 

B. They vary greatly from person to person.

C. They are mostly positive in terms of their outlook on life. 

D. They are neither positive nor negative.

17. "Some had become phobic about activities..."( Line 3, Para. 5) How did they feel exactly?

A. very clumsy         B. very casual         C. very curious        D. very fearful

18. Which of the titles below best expresses the idea of this passage?

A. How to Improve a Person’s Outlook on Life.    

B. The Effects of Near-Death Experiences.

C. Is Death Really Horrible?

D. Near-Death Accidents and their Survivors.

19. The positive effect of near-death experience was that ______________.

A. some people loved life better because they realized its new meaning

B. some people got a sense of vulnerability and became religious

C. some people were no longer afraid of death just because they proved to be religious

D. some people wanted to seek extreme happiness because they knew life was too limited

20. Which effect of the near-death experience was the one that people had least expected?

A. Some people felt more vulnerable.

B. Some people did not worry too much about death any more.

C. Some people paid more attention to the value of life.

D. Some people tended to be too pessimistic about death.

Passage Five

The notion that the great apes, such as chimpanzees and gorillas, can imitate one another might seem unsurprising to anyone who has watched these animals playing at the zoo. But in scientific circles, the question of whether apes really do "ape" has become controversial.

Consider a young chimpanzee watching his mother crack open a cola nut, as has been observed in the Tai Forest of Africa. In most cases, the youth will eventually take up the practice himself. How does he learn this? Is it because he copies it from his mother, or does the skill originate solely from trial and error? If the young animal copies adult behavior, then chimpanzees must have the ability to develop cultural traits, i.e. knowledge or skills passed down from generation to generation, instead of by genetic inheritance. However, if the young learns how to crack the nut exclusively by trial and error, then chimpanzees must, in a sense, reinvent the method each time they deal with a nut, and hence, no real cumulative culture can ever develop.

The clearest way to establish how chimpanzees learn is through laboratory experiments. A team of scientists at Goldsmith's College, University of London, used artificial fruits to determine whether chimpanzees imitate or not. In a typical experiment, one group of chimpanzees watched a complex technique for opening a fruit, while a second group observed a very different method. Then the researchers recorded the extent to which the chimpanzees had been influenced by the method they observed. They also conducted similar experiments with three-year-old children as subjects. The results demonstrate that six-year-old chimpanzees show imitative behavior markedly like that seen in the children, although the preciseness of their copying tends to be poorer. In another experiment, chimpanzees copied an entire sequence of actions they had witnessed, but did so only after trying some alternatives. This suggests that they tended to imitate what they had observed others doing at the expense of their own trial-and-error discoveries.

In the researchers' view, these findings indicate that apes do ape and that this ability forms one strand in cultural transmission. In other words, learning from elders is crucial to growing up as a competent wild chimpanzee.

21. The word "ape" (Line 3, Para. 1) in the quotation marks probably means ___________.

A. play at the zoo

B. crack a nut

C. imitate

D. transmit

22. If a chimpanzee cracks a nut solely by trial and error, it suggests that ___________.

A. the skill is genetically inherited

B. the skill is learned from others

C. the skill is unique to humans

D. the skill is unique to wild animals

23. Results from the research mentioned in Para. 3 show that ___________.

A. chimpanzees have little ability to imitate although they can open fruits skillfully

B. chimpanzees do imitate although their copying is less faithful than that of children

C. chimpanzees can open artificial fruits only after observing how others do it

D. chimpanzees imitate their elders in a manner different from how children do

24. It can be concluded from the passage that ___________.

A. chimpanzees in the laboratory are better imitators than those in the wild

B. chimpanzees in the laboratory crack nuts differently from those in the wild

C. cultural transmission happens at the expense of individual discoveries

D. cultural transmission exists both among wild chimpanzees and in human society

25. The main purpose of the passage is ___________.

A. to answer a scientific question by providing research findings

B. to explain the procedure of food gathering used by wild animals

C. to compare the differences between animal culture and human culture

D. to illustrate the methods of analyzing young animals' behavior

Passage Six

My friend Peter saunters over with his long-legged, deliberately slow gait, and gives me a pat on the cheek and a squeeze on the arm, which he administers as if he were bestowing a favor. He knows he’s a prize item in this room – a robust, single, intelligent male – and after making some desultory(散漫的) remarks, he proceeds to look around lazily, like a lion surveying his territory in the knowledge that he’s master of it. Lydia comes up to us, as usual humming with effusive excitement, her eyes shining as if there were no tomorrow. “Peter!” she exclaims, “you’re just the person I wanted to see! I had a phone call today from a TV station in Germany, and they want to do a show on which I think you should be a consultant. Oh, it would be so wonderful if it worked out! Maybe we could go to Berlin together...” The hum continues, a kind of bird song meant to attract males. But she’s making too much effort, and anyway, it’s the wrong song. Peter looks over her head, puts his hand on her shoulder, and says, “Ah, excuse me, I see somebody I know over there...”

26. From the passage we can know Peter __________.

A. has long legs B. pretends to be friendly to me

C. has won a prize D. is a playboy

27. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.

A. there are few men in the room

B. there are many unmarried women in the room

C. most of the people in the room are women

D. single men are hard to find

28. From the passage we can know Lydia __________.

A. is good at singing B. is good at imitating birds

C. is hard-working D. is too enthusiastic

29. Peter’s response to Lydia indicates that __________.

A. he has no interest in her

B. he has no interest in the TV show

C. he doesn’t believe what she tells him

D. he doesn’t think he can be a consultant

30. What is implied by the author in the passage?

A. She enjoys the party whole-heartedly.

B. She doesn’t care what is going on.

C. She feels detached from her surroundings.

D. She detests the people in the room.

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defined B. emerged C. broadly D. process E. circulation

F. forwards G. onwards H. distinct I. distant J. informational

K. refined L. markets M. agents N. urgencꡟꢑꢻ꣢ꤐꤸꤺꤻꤽꤾꥀꥁꥃꥄ꩸ꩺꪌꪎꪐꪦꪨꪪꪬꪮöîîy O. scale

P. crucially Q. directly R. tools S. marginal T. shaped

A. sold B. revolutionary C. relative D. trivial E. relationship

F. gradually G. reaching H. psychiatrist I. dramatically J. proposed

K. translated L. destined M. admitted N. dismissed O. disciplines

P. editions Q. versions R. initial S. psychology T. disciples

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