NORTHWEST MICHIGAN HEALTH SERVICES, INC
NORTHWEST MICHIGAN HEALTH SERVICES, INC.
MIGRANT/SEASONAL FARMWORKER HEALTH PROGRAM
PROTOCOL FOR URI
INTRODUCTION:
An upper respiratory infection also known as acute nasopharyngitis or the “common cold” is caused by a number of viruses. This condition can be manifested by general malaise, nasal stuffiness, clear nasal discharge, sneezing, cough, mild sore throat, watery eyes and decreased appetite, particularly in infants, and a low-grade fever.
ASSESSMENT:
To be competed if URI is suspected by the clinic nurse, client or parent.
SUBJECTIVE:
Document the following history:
1. Date of onset of symptoms
2. If coughing, type of cough (dry, loose, croupy, productive v/s non-productive – if productive, color of sputum)
3. Sore throat, ear pain, head ache, stiff neck
4. Chest pain, difficulty breathing
5. Decreased activity (especially in children)
6. Decreased appetite (especially in children)
7. OTCs or home remedies used
8. Other family members/household members with same symptoms
9. Smoker or smokers in the home
10. History of febrile seizures in pediatric clients
OBJECTIVE:
1. Document the following:
2. TPR, BP, weight
3. Any evidence of respiratory distress, using accessory muscles for breathing, retractions, nasal flaring, cyanosis
4. Any sign of neck stiffness, presence of enlarged or painful cervical lymph nodes
5. Otoscope examination of nasal passages, ears, and throat. Note any abnormalities such as red/bulging TMs, exudates tonsils, petechiae on the soft palate, color of nasal discharge.
6. Lung sounds through auscultation. Note any wheezing, rales.
7. Note skin turgor
PLAN:
1. Refer to the physician/mid-level provider immediately if any difficulty breathing is noted, temperature is more than low grade or present in an infant under 3 months of age, there is concern over possible neck stiffness, there is a history of febrile seizures, client appears dehydrated or otherwise causes concern.
2. Treatment is designed around symptom relief since the “common cold” is a self-limiting disease and usually resolves within 4-10 days without complications.
3. Encourage rest and frequent hand washing
4. Increased oral fluid intake
a. Adults: 8-10 glasses of clear liquids a day
b. Children: 4-5 glasses of clear liquids a day
c. Adults/children to avoid milk while congested
5. Advise parents of infants/young children S/S of respiratory distress (increased coughing, retractions, nasal flaring, grunting respirations)
6. Tylenol/Advil as needed for elevated temperature/aches according to package dosing guidelines. (For children, see attached Tylenol dosage chart.)
7. Decongestants such as Sudafed (30 mg) can be suggested for adults and children over 12 years of age according to package dosing guidelines. Decongestants are NOT recommended for infants. A nasal bulb-syringe may be used if symptoms are causing distress at feeding times. Children 12 months and above can be given Pediacare decongestant drops, according to package dosing guidelines.
8. Cough medicines such as Robitussin (expectorant) or Robitussin DM (suppressant) can be suggested for adults and children over 12 years of age according to package dosing guidelines. Cough medicines are NOT recommended for infants. Coughing is the mechanism by which infants clear their airways.
9. For clients seen by the physician/mid-level provider and placed on medication, reinforce that medication be taken as directed for the length of time directed.
10. Advise of the need for a return visit if not improving in 5 days or at any time if worse or new symptoms develop.
Protocol to be followed by:
RN_____ LPN_____
Approved by:
_____________________________________ _______________
(, MD, Medical Director) (Date)
_____________________________________ _______________
(Clinical Services Director) (Date)
_____________________________________ _______________
(Clinic Director) (Date)
References:
Whaley & Wong (1999). Nursing Care of Infants and Children
Hoole et al (1995) Patient Care Guideline for Nurse Practitioners
(Prot.URI) Rev. 4/01, 01/06
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