Vocabulary List - Suffolk City Public Schools
SOL 7.1
|ascending order |Numbers listed in order from smallest to largest |
|decimal |The numbers in the base 10 number system, having one or more places to the right of|
| |a decimal point |
|denominator |The bottom number of a fraction |
|descending order |Numbers listed from largest to smallest |
|equivalent |Having the same value |
|fraction |A number used to name a part of a group or a whole. The number below the bar is the|
| |denominator, and the number above the bar is the numerator. |
|greater than or equal to |Symbols that describe a relationship in which the expression on the left is greater|
| |than the expression on the right |
SOL 7.1 (continued)
|less than or |Symbols that describe a relationship in which the expression on the left is less |
|equal to |than the expression on the right |
|numerator |The top number of a fraction |
|percent |A ratio that compares a number to 100 |
|place value |The use in number systems of the position of a digit in a number to indicate the |
| |value of the digit; the same digit in different place-value positions has different|
| |meanings. For example, the "3" has a value of 0.003 (three thousandths) in the |
| |number 0.1234, but the "3" has a value of 0.3 (three tenths) in the number 0.321. |
|product |The result of two numbers being multiplied together |
|scientific notation |A number written as a product of a number that is at least one but less than 10, |
| |and a power of 10 |
SOL 7.2
|base |In a power, the number used as a factor |
|exponent |In a power, the number that tells how many times the base is used as a factor |
|expression |A mathematical phrase that contains operations, numbers, and/or variables |
|integers |The whole numbers and their opposites |
|order of operations |The rules to follow when more than one operation is used in a numerical expression |
|powers |Numbers expressed using exponents |
|rational numbers |Numbers that can be written as fractions, including terminating and repeating |
| |decimals, and integers |
SOL 7.3
|additive identity |The sum of an addend and zero is the addend. Identity for addition is 0 (zero) |
| |since adding zero to any number will give the number itself. In other words, 0 + a =|
| |a + 0 = a |
|associative property (x,+) |The way in which three numbers are grouped when they are added or multiplied does |
| |not change their sum or product |
|commutative property (x,+) |The order in which two quantities are added or multiplied does not change their sum |
| |or product |
|distributive property |To multiply a sum by a number, multiply each addend of the sum by the number outside|
| |the parentheses |
|equation |A mathematical sentence that contains an equal sign, = |
|inverse |Operations that "undo" each other. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations.|
| |Multiplication and division are inverse operations |
|multiplicative identity |The product of a factor and one is the factor. Identity for multiplication is "1," |
| |because multiplying any number by 1 will not change it. In other words, a x 1 = 1 x |
| |a = a |
SOL 7.3 (continued)
|multiplicative property of zero |The product of any real number and zero is zero. |
SOL 7.4
|discount |The amount by which the regular price of an item is reduced |
|investment |Money that is deposited with an expectation of profit |
|loan |The provision of money temporarily; to lend |
|original price |The cost of an item(s) without a discount, sales tax, or tip included |
|principal |The amount of an investment or a debt |
|rate of interest |The percent charged or earned on an amount of money |
|sales price |Determined by subtracting the discount from the original price of the merchandise |
SOL 7.4 (continued)
|sales tax |An additional amount of money charged on items that people buy |
|simple interest |The amount paid or earned for the use of money |
|tip |Computed on the cost of the service generally without including the tax on the |
| |service |
|total bill |The cost of an item(s) that includes sales tax, discount, or tip |
|checking account balance |An accounting of deposits and withdrawals of money |
|deposit |The act of putting money into a bank |
|withdrawal |The act of taking out money from a bank |
SOL 7.4 (continued)
|total cost of a loan |The sum of the original cost and the interest paid |
|total value of an investment |The sum of the original investment and the interest earned |
SOL 7.5
|checking account balance |An accounting of deposits and withdrawals of money |
|deposit |The act of putting money into a bank |
|withdrawal |The act of taking out money from a bank |
|integers |Set of whole numbers and their opposites {…-2, -1, 0, 1, 2…} |
|sum |The result of addition |
|difference |The result of subtraction |
|zero pairs |A pair of numbers whose sum is zero |
SOL 7.5 (continued)
|quotient |The result of division |
|product |The result of multiplication |
SOL 7.6
|dimension |The measure of the magnitude or size of an object. So the dimensions of a cube are|
| |the length, width and height. These values describe how large the cube is. |
|equivalent fractions |Fractions that have the same value |
|proportion |An equation that shows that two ratios are equivalent |
|rate |A ratio that compares two quantities with different kinds of units |
|scale drawing |A drawing that is similar but either larger or smaller than the actual object |
SOL 7.7
|area |The number of square units needed to cover a surface enclosed by a geometric figure|
|base |The bases of a parallelogram or triangle are any sides of the figure. The bases of|
| |a trapezoid are the parallel sides. |
|perimeter |The distance around a closed geometric figure |
|polygon |A simple, closed figure in a plane formed by three or more line segments |
|rectangle |A parallelogram having four right angles |
|triangle |A three-sided polygon |
|trapezoid |A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides |
SOL 7.7 (continued)
|parallelogram |A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides |
|height |The line segment from any vertex of a polygon perpendicular to the base |
SOL 7.8
|circumference |The distance around a circle |
|cylinder |A three-dimensional figure with two parallel, congruent, circular bases |
|diameter |The distance across a circle through its center |
|net |An arrangement of two-dimensional figures that can be folded to form a polyhedron |
|radius |The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle |
|rectangular prism |A solid figure that has two parallel and congruent bases that are rectangles |
|volume |The number of cubic units needed to fill the space occupied by a solid |
SOL 7.8 (continued)
|surface area |The sum of the areas of all the surfaces (faces) of a three-dimensional figure |
SOL 7.9
|isosceles trapezoid |A trapezoid with one pair of non-congruent, parallel sides and one pair of |
| |congruent, non-parallel sides |
|trapezoid |A trapezoid with one pair of non-congruent, parallel sides |
|parallel |Two lines are parallel if they are in the same plane and never intersect |
|parallelogram |A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides |
|quadrilateral |A closed figure having four sides and four angles |
|rhombus |A parallelogram with four congruent sides |
|square |A parallelogram having four right angles and four congruent sides |
SOL 7.10
|decagon |A polygon having ten sides |
|heptagon |A polygon having seven sides |
|polygon |A simple, closed figure in a plane formed by three or more line segments |
|hexagon |A polygon having six sides |
|nonagon |A polygon having nine sides |
|octagon |A polygon having eight sides |
|pentagon |A polygon having five sides |
SOL 7.11
|congruent |Figures or angles that have the same size and shape |
|congruent polygons |Similar polygons for which the ratio of the corresponding sides is one-to-one |
|corresponding angles |Angles that have the same relative positions in geometric figures |
|corresponding sides |Sides that have the same relative positions in geometric figures |
|similar polygons |Figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size |
|adjacent sides |Two sides of a polygon that share a common vertex |
SOL 7.12
|coordinate plane |A plane in which a horizontal number line and a vertical number line intersect at |
| |their zero point (origin) |
|horizontal axis |The x-axis in a coordinate plane which spans from left to right |
|ordered pairs |A pair of numbers used to locate a point in a coordinate plane. An ordered pair is|
| |written in the form (x-coordinate, y-coordinate). |
|vertical axis |The y-axis in a coordinate plane which spans from top to bottom |
|quadrants |The four regions created by the two intersecting perpendicular number lines. |
SOL 7.13
|vertical axis |The y-axis in a coordinate plane which spans from top to bottom |
|horizontal axis |The x-axis in a coordinate plane which spans from left to right |
|ordered pairs |A pair of numbers used to locate a point in a coordinate plane. An ordered pair is|
| |written in the form (x-coordinate, y-coordinate). |
|center of rotation |The point about which a figure is rotated |
|origin |The point at which the x-axis and the y-axis intersect in a coordinate plane |
|rotation |A turn of a figure around a fixed point |
|translation |A slide of the figure at which all points on the figure move the same distance in |
| |the same direction |
SOL 7.14
|experimental probability of an event |An estimated probability based on the relative frequency of positive outcomes |
| |occurring during an experiment |
|independent event |Events for which the outcome of one event does not affect the probability of the |
| |other |
|theoretical probability of an event |The ratio of the number of ways an event can occur to the number of possible |
| |outcomes |
SOL 7.15
|sample space |The set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment |
|the fundamental counting principle |Uses multiplication of the number of ways each event in an experiment can occur to |
| |find the number of possible outcomes in a sample space |
|tree diagram |A diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes in a probability |
| |experiment |
SOL 7.16
|mean |The sum of the data divided by the number of items in the data set |
|measures of central tendency |Numbers that are used to describe the center of a set of data. These measures |
| |include the mean, median, and mode. |
|median |The middle number in a set of data when the data are arranged in numerical order. |
| |If the data has an even number, the median is the mean of the two middle numbers. |
|mode |The number or numbers that appear most often in a set of data |
|outliers |A piece of data that is quite separated from the rest of the data. In a |
| |box-and-whisker plot, data that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range |
| |from the quartiles. |
|range |The difference between the greatest and the least numbers in a set of data |
SOL 7.17
|box-and-whisker plot |A diagram that summarizes data using the median, upper and lower quartiles, and the|
| |extreme values. A box is drawn around the quartile values, and whiskers extend |
| |from each quartile to the extreme data points. |
|cumulative frequency |Includes a running total of the frequencies of all the previous groups |
|frequency distribution |Shows how often an item, a number, or a range of numbers occurs |
|histogram |A special kind of bar graph in which the bars are used to represent the frequency |
| |of numerical data that have been organized in intervals |
|line plot |A graph that uses an x above a number on a number line each time that number occurs|
| |in a set of data |
|quartile |Values that divide a set of data into four equal parts |
|scattergram (scatter plot) |Two sets of related data are plotted as ordered pairs on the same graph |
SOL 7.17 (continued)
|stem-and-leaf plot |A system used to condense a set of data where the greatest place value of the data |
| |forms the stem and the next greatest place value forms the leaves |
|positive relationship |As the value of x increases the value of y increases |
|negative relationship |As the value of x increases the value of y decreases |
|no relationship |The value of x is independent of the value of y |
|range |The difference between the upper extreme and the lower extreme |
|interquartile range |The difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile |
SOL 7.18
|conjectures |A prediction that suggests what can be expected to happen |
|predictions |A statement made about future occurrences |
SOL 7.19
|arithmetic sequence |A sequence in which each term is found by adding the same number to the previous |
| |term |
|common difference |The amount between each succeeding number in a sequence that is used to obtain the |
| |next number in the sequence |
|common ratio |The ratio of any term in a geometric sequence to the term that precedes it |
|function |A rule that pairs exactly one element of a set with one and only one element of |
| |another set |
|geometric sequence |A sequence in which each term can be found by multiplying the previous term by the |
| |same number |
SOL 7.20
|algebraic equation |An algebraic equation consists of two algebraic expressions and an equal sign |
|algebraic expression |A combination, variables, numbers, and at least one operation |
|verbal expression |A group of numbers, variables, operations |
|verbal sentence |A complete word statement |
SOL 7.21
|expression |A mathematical combination of numbers, variables, and operations |
|inequality |A mathematical sentence that contains the symbols , |
|numerical expression |A combination of numbers and operations |
|variable expression |A combination of variables and operations |
|algebraic equation |An algebraic equation consists of two algebraic expressions and an equal sign |
SOL 7.22
|inverse operation |Operations that "undo" each other. Addition and subtraction are inverse |
| |operations. Multiplication and division are inverse operations. |
|one-step equation |An equation that requires only one operation to solve |
|one-step inequality |An inequality that requires only one operation to solve |
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