Student Introduction to small engines
Introduction to small engines -- Student Student
Introduction to small engines
What you will learn
When you have finished this introduction module, you should know:
O How small engines work O The main differences between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines O The main parts of small engines O Why engines need air, fuel and a spark to run O Why engines need maintenance O Technical information about your engine.
Things you need before you start
Materials
None
Tools or equipment
No tools for this module ? but you will need to find out information about your engine
1 Copyright ? Commonwealth of Learning
What is a small engine?
Engines can be in all sorts of shapes and sizes. They are used to power:
outboard motors brush cutters and mowers motor bikes small generators chainsaws concrete mixers
Introduction to small engines -- Student
2 Copyright ? Commonwealth of Learning
Introduction to small engines -- Student
Here are the names for some important parts of an engine.
Spark plug
Cylinder head
Dipstick oil Starter
Air-filter
Carburetor
Crankshaft
Muffler
Crankcase
Fuel tank
Crankshaft
Crankcase and cylinder
Piston Valves
Cylinder head
3 Copyright ? Commonwealth of Learning
Introduction to small engines -- Student
How do engines work?
The power and energy in an engine is made by burning a mix of fuel and air inside a cylinder.
As the fuel burns it explodes and pushes a piston down inside the cylinder
The piston is attached to a crankshaft that turns as the piston moves up and down
Here is the piston going up and down as the crankshaft turns
Piston
Cylinder
Crankshaft
4 Copyright ? Commonwealth of Learning
Introduction to small engines -- Student Think of a person riding a bicycle. Think of one of their legs pushing down on the pedal ? round and round. The leg is just like the piston and the pedal and chain-wheel are like a crankshaft
The engine crankshaft is then connected to what the engine is driving ? a wheel, propeller, cutting blades.
The engine cycle
These are the steps that happen inside the engine: intake. fuel and air is sucked or pushed into the cylinder compression. the fuel-air mix is compressed ? or squashed ? as the piston moves up ignition/power. a spark ignites the fuel-air. The exploding fuel pushes the piston down exhaust. the burnt gasses are pushed out through the exhaust
and then the cycle goes around again. Those are the proper names for the steps. Some people call them:
Suck - Squash - Bang - Blow
5 Copyright ? Commonwealth of Learning
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