CAPÍTULO Subjects and verbs in sentences 1

Nombre

Clase

Subjects and verbs in sentences

Fecha

CAP?TULO

1

In English Sentences have a subject and a verb. The subject is the person or thing doing something or being described. The verb is an action word like run or sing, or a word like am, is, or are that links the subject to a description.

Mrs. P?rez is my Spanish teacher. She is from Florida. We like her very much.

English sentences always have a subject. The subject can be a noun or a pronoun. A noun refers to a person, a thing, or a place. A noun can be replaced with a pronoun, which is a word that stands for the noun. Words such as I, you, he, she, it, we, and they are all pronouns.

Juan is a classmate. He is my best friend. (He stands for Juan.)

A Circle the conjugated verb and underline the subject in each sentence.

Susan Hi, I am Susan. Pablo Hello, my name is Pablo. Where are you from? Susan I am from the United States. Are you from Madrid? Pablo Yes, I go to the Colegio Miguel de Cervantes. Where do you study? Susan I study at Lincoln High School. I like Spanish a lot. Pablo Great! Who is your teacher? Susan Miss Garza is my teacher. She is very friendly and intelligent. Can I

practice my Spanish with you by email? Pablo Sure, I want to have an American pen pal.

In Spanish Sentences also have a subject and a verb. A subject can be a noun or a pronoun. Some pronouns you've seen are ?l, ella, t?, and usted. Unlike in English, in Spanish the subject noun or subject pronoun can be left out of a sentence if everyone knows who or what you're talking about. When this is the case, the verb, such as es, estoy, or est?s, is enough!

La se?ora P?rez es mi profesora. Ella es de Madrid. Antonio es mi amigo. Es de Espa?a. ?C?mo est?s? Estoy bien, gracias.

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Nombre

Clase

SUBJECTS AND VERBS IN SENTENCES

Fecha

CAP?TULO

1

B Circle the conjugated verbs and underline their subjects in this conversation.

Miguel Lola

Miguel Lola

Miguel

Lola Miguel

Hola, yo soy Miguel. Yo soy Lola. ?Qu? tal? Muy bien. ?Qui?n es ?l? Mi amigo se llama Santiago. ?l es un compa?ero de clase. ?l es de Barcelona. ?Y qui?n es la se?ora? La se?ora es la profesora Montero. Ella es mi profesora de ciencias. Muy bien. Hasta luego. Adi?s.

C Some subjects have been left out of the following conversation because they

aren't needed. Underline all the verbs and then circle those verbs whose subject has been left out.

Arturo Yolanda

Arturo Yolanda Arturo Yolanda

Arturo Se?or Ruiz

?Buenos d?as! Soy Arturo. Encantada, Arturo. Yo soy Yolanda. Y ?ste es mi amigo Jos?. Es un compa?ero de clase. Mucho gusto, Jos?. ?De d?nde eres? Soy de Cuba. ?De d?nde eres t?? Yo soy de Panam?. ?Y qui?n es la muchacha? Ella es mi mejor amiga, Leticia. Es de la Rep?blica Dominicana. Ah, y ?ste es el se?or Ruiz. Es mi profesor de ciencias. Encantado, profesor. Igualmente.

D Read the following sentences in English and Spanish. What would happen if you

left out the subject in English? Why do you think you can often leave out the subject pronoun in Spanish?

Soy de Barcelona.

I am from Barcelona.

Es mi mejor amiga.

She is my best friend.

Es un compa?ero de clase. He is a classmate.

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Nombre

Clase

Present tense of the verb ser

Fecha

CAP?TULO

1

In English The verb to be is the most common verb. It has many uses. Some of them are to describe or define people or things, to say where people are from, to give the date, day and time, and to give a telephone number. Like all verbs, to be is conjugated, that is, it changes its form to match the subject.

I am Carlos. You are from Managua. Today is Friday, March 2.

We are from Argentina. You are high school students. They are my friends.

A Circle the form of the verb to be in the following sentences, and underline the

subject of the sentence. 1. Yolanda is from Maracay, Venezuela. 2. It is ten o'clock. 3. Tomorrow is Thursday. 4. We are your cousins. 5. I am from Valpara?so, Chile. 6. You are a very good student. 7. Mr. Matute and Mrs. Shumway are our teachers. 8. You are my best friends.

In Spanish The verb ser (to be) is also used to describe or define people or

things, to say where people are from, to give the date, day and time, and to give a

telephone number. Just like to be in English, ser is conjugated. It changes its

form to match the subject. Here is the conjugation of ser:

yo

soy

nosotros(as)

somos

t?

eres

vosotros(as)

sois

?l, ella, Ud.

es

ellos, ellas, Uds.

son

B Circle the form of the verb ser in the following sentences. Underline the subject

of the sentence, or write an M when it is missing.

1. Es de Madrid, Espa?a.

M

2. Hoy es el tres de agosto.

3. Son las cuatro y veinte.

4. Ustedes no son mis compa?eros de clase.

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Clase

PRESENT TENSE OF THE VERB SER

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CAP?TULO

1

5. Soy tu mejor amigo. 6. Nosotros somos de Valencia, Espa?a. 7. Ellas son profesoras. 8. ?C?mo est? usted?

C Circle the correct form of the verb ser in the following sentences.

1. Marta Vald?s (soy/eres/es) mi mejor amiga. 2. Las profesoras P?rez y Garza (somos/sois/son) de Brownsville, Texas. 3. Yo (soy/eres/es) de Panam?. 4. Mis amigos y yo (soy/somos/son) compa?eros de clase. 5. Usted (soy/eres/es) el profesor de ciencias. 6. T? y Alicia (soy/eres/son) amigas. 7. Hoy (soy/es/son) el doce de octubre. 8. T? no (soy/eres/es) de M?xico.

D Complete the following conversation with the correct form of ser.

Blanca Jorge, ?sta

es

mi mejor amiga, Sonia.

Jorge Hola, Sonia. ?T?

una compa?era de clase?

Sonia S?,

una compa?era de clase.

Jorge Ah. ?Y el profesor Mart?nez, de d?nde

?

Sonia ?l

de Uruguay, ?Y t?, de d?nde

? ?de Per??

Jorge No, no

de Per?,

de Ecuador.

Y ustedes, ?de d?nde

?

Blanca Nosotras

de Monterrey, M?xico. ?Qu? hora

?

Jorge

las dos y media. Tengo que irme.

Sonia Adi?s, Jorge. ?Nosotros

amigos?

Jorge S?, mis compa?eras de clase

mis amigas. ?Adi?s!

E What are the differences between the conjugations of English to be and Spanish

ser? Which has more forms?

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Nombre

Clase

Fecha

Punctuation marks and written accents

CAP?TULO

1

In English Question marks (?) and exclamation points (!) are placed at the end of sentences that are questions or exclamations.

How are you?

So good to see you!

A Write the appropriate punctuation mark at the end of each sentence: (?) for

questions and (!) for exclamations. 1. Where are you from 2. See you tomorrow 3. That's a great idea 4. What's your name 5. Nice to meet you 6. How's it going 7. What time is it 8. Goodbye

In Spanish Besides the punctuation marks used at the end of a sentence (?

and !), upside-down punctuation marks such as (?) and (?) are placed at the

beginning of a phrase to signal a question or an exclamation. Both beginning

and end marks must be used.

?C?mo est? usted?

How are you?

?Hasta ma?ana!

See you tomorrow!

B Below are the same sentences from Activity A written in Spanish. Write the

appropriate punctuation marks at the beginning and end of each sentence: (?...?) for questions and (?...!) for exclamations.

1.

De d?nde eres

2.

Hasta ma?ana

3.

Qu? gran idea

4.

C?mo te llamas

5.

Encantada

6.

Qu? tal

7.

Qu? hora es

8.

Adi?s

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Nombre

Clase

PUNCTUATION MARKS AND WRITTEN ACCENTS

Fecha

CAP?TULO

1

In Spanish An accent mark is a tilted line (?) over a vowel (as in the word d?as). It often tells you which syllable to stress. Placing accent marks is part of correct spelling, so you should memorize them when you learn new words.

?C?mo est? usted?

mediod?a

mi?rcoles

The wavy line in the letter ? is called a tilde. The ? is pronounced much like ny in the English word canyon.

Se?ora N??ez

compa?ero

C Look again at Activity B. How many accent marks and tildes can you find in

sentences 1-8?

Accent marks

Tildes

D Write a conversation between a new friend and yourself using the following

phrases. Use question marks, exclamation points, tildes, and accent marks where needed.

Adios.

Como te llamas

Hasta manana Hoy es miercoles

Que dia es hoy Tengo que irme

Cual es tu telefono Mas o menos

De donde eres Me llamo...

Que tal estas De donde eres Encantado. Encantada Mi telefono es ...

Soy de... Estoy bien Y tu Buenos dias Hola

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Nombre

Clase

Gender and adjective agreement

Fecha

CAP?TULO

2

In English Words that describe people or things are called adjectives. They can be used with the verb to be to say what someone or something is like.

Robert is tall. (Robert is a noun; tall is an adjective.) That pretty girl is also tall. (girl is a noun; pretty and tall are adjectives.) The teachers are funny and friendly. They are all tall as well.

(teachers is a noun; funny, friendly and tall are adjectives.)

The adjective tall, or any other English adjective, does not change form, no matter whether it describes a noun that is singular or plural, masculine or feminine.

A Circle each adjective and underline the noun or pronoun it describes. Then check

off whether the noun described is singular (S) or plural (P).

1. Dorothy is dark-haired. 2. We are intelligent. 3. My best friend is lazy. 4. The boys are shy. 5. Dwayne is handsome. 6. The math books are boring. 7. My classmates are athletic. 8. I am friendly and outgoing.

S

P

In Spanish People or things are also described with adjectives. However, they change their endings to match the gender of the nouns or pronouns they describe. Most adjectives have a masculine form ending in ?o and a feminine form ending in ?a.

Ra?l es listo.

Marta es lista.

Adjectives that end in ?e have the same masculine and feminine forms. Adjectives

ending in a consonant do not add an ?a, unless they refer to nationality or end in ?or.

El profesor es inteligente.

La profesora es inteligente.

?l es intelectual y trabajador. Ella es intelectual y trabajadora.

Adjectives also agree with nouns in number. If the singular form ends in a vowel, add an ?s to make it plural. If the singular form ends in a consonant, add ?es. To describe a group of males and females, a masculine plural form is used.

Los profesores son extrovertidos.

Susana y Marta son graciosas.

Mis compa?eras son interesantes.

Mis amigos son intelectuales.

Teresa y Pedro son antip?ticos y trabajadores.

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Nombre

Clase

GENDER AND ADJECTIVE AGREEMENT

Fecha

CAP?TULO

2

B Circle each adjective and underline the noun or pronoun it describes. Then,

check the right column to tell whether the noun described is singular (S) or

plural (P), masculine (M) or feminine (F).

S

P

M

F

1. Rafael es moreno.

2. Nosotras somos inteligentes.

3. Mi mejor amiga es muy guapa.

4. Arturo y Julio son bajos.

5. Los profesores son divertidos.

6. Rosario es seria.

7. Emilia y F?tima son perezosas.

8. Mis compa?eros de clase son simp?ticos.

C Circle the appropriate adjective to complete each sentence.

1. Teresa es (pelirroja/pelirrojas). 2. Los estudiantes son (trabajador/trabajadores). 3. Nosotras somos (bonitos/bonitas). 4. Mi mejor amigo es (t?mido/t?midos). 5. Mi profesora de ciencias es (simp?tico/simp?tica). 6. Ustedes son muy (inteligentes/inteligente). 7. La se?ora Hurtado es (aburrida/aburridos). 8. Elisa y Gabriel son (rom?nticos/rom?nticas).

D Rewrite the following sentences so the subject is feminine and plural. Then,

answer the questions in c.

a. My friend is lazy. _______________________________________________

b. Mi amigo es perezoso.____________________________________________

c. Do words need to be changed in the English sentence? in the Spanish sentence? What do you conclude about adjective agreement in Spanish?

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