Set Basic Type Characteristics - CHRISTINA FRIEDLE



Lab 3. Type Basics & Geodatabase Annotation

Introduction

This lab focuses on descriptive text used on maps and discusses various type characteristics useful for map design. The material was adapted from both Cynthia Brewer’s Cartographic Design for ArcGIS course and ESRI’s Creating and Editing Labels and Annotation, and Working with Annotation courses.

Copy the Lab3 data folder to your flashdrive.

This lab is due Thursday February 6. Turn in one document with all of your exported maps.

Part I. Create Geodatabase Annotation

a. Open Shipwrecks.mxd

This map shows the southern tip of Florida that lies due south of the mainland in Florida Bay and extends southwest. Major roads delineate the Miami metropolitan area, and you can see the highway that connects the mainland with the Keys.

b. Create geodatabase annotation from dynamic labels

One of the most common workflows for creating geodatabase annotation is to convert dynamic labels to geodatabase annotation. Because label properties are set as a group, it is more productive first to set all the common text display properties as labels, and then convert them to annotations. Individual text elements, as annotations, can be edited as needed.

1. Open the Label Manager, turn on labels for Shipwrecks, and set the following properties for the default label class:

o Set the font to Times New Roman

o Set the font size to 10

o Set the color to Ultra Blue

o Make the font bold

2. In the table of contents, right-click the Shipwrecks layer and choose Convert Labels to Annotation.

3. In the Convert Labels to Annotation dialog box, under Store Annotation, select ‘In a database’. Choose to create annotation for all features and uncheck Feature Linked.

The conversion uses the data frame reference scale, if set; otherwise, it uses the current reference scale for the map (1:400,000).

4. Notice that, by default, ArcMap appends Anno to the feature layer name to create the name for the annotation feature class. Accept the default name. Choose to create annotation for all features and uncheck Feature Linked. If necessary, check the box for Convert unplaced labels to unplaced annotation and click convert. Converting dynamic labels to geodatabase annotations is one of the quickest ways to create geodatabase annotation.

5. The Destination field near the bottom of the dialog box shows the file location and name of the new annotation feature class. The default destination is the same geodatabase in which the layer's data source is stored. For standard annotation, you could choose to save it to a different geodatabase (using the Browse button in the Annotation Feature Class field).

6. Append lets you add annotation to an existing annotation feature class. For example, after you convert labels for features in one extent, you can pan to another extent and convert labels in that extent to the same annotation feature class.

7. Select Export Map under the File menu in ArcMap. For file type, select jpeg, and for resolution select 150 dpi. Give the map a recognizable name. After you have exported the map, insert it into your lab document. Make sure that you can see the labels in your exported map. If not, export at a higher resolution.

c. Using SQL to create different classes of labels

1. Zoom to the Florida Keys bookmark.

2. Open the attribute table for the Counties layer. It includes both mainland counties and other features such as the Florida Keys. The IsKey field identifies those features that represent Florida Keys. The FL_Key field contains the names of Keys. Close the table.

3. Open the Label Manager. Label classes have been created for the Counties layer based on the values contained in the IsKey field within the Counties attribute table. One class is used to label the Florida Keys features and another class is used to label all other features in the Counties layer. This way, the label properties, including scale range, can be set separately for the Keys features from all the other Counties features. If necessary, scroll to the bottom of the Label Classes pane until you can see the two Counties label classes.

4. Take a look at how the label classes have been set up for the mainland and keys classes. Check the box for the Mainland label class and then select the Mainland title to highlight it. Click SQL Query see the query. Click Cancel and then click Scale Range. The labels for the Mainland label class do not appear when the map is zoomed in beyond 1:700,000. Click Cancel.

5. Click the Keys check box, highlight Keys to select it, and then click SQL Query. The Keys Class displays text only for features coded as being a Florida Key. Click Cancel and then click Scale Range. The labels for the Keys label class do not appear when the map is zoomed out beyond 1:699,999. Not only can you apply separate display properties to each of the label classes, you can also use these label classes to create geodatabase annotation classes.

6. Close the label manager and on the Standard toolbar, set the scale to 1:400,000. This will be the reference scale for the annotation.

7. To create a permanent feature class for the key annotations, go to the table of contents, right-click the Counties layer and choose Convert Labels to Annotation. Convert the labels to geodatabase annotation using the following criteria:

• In a database

• All features

• Not Feature Linked

• Accept the default name and destination

• Check the box for converting unplaced labels

8. When you convert labels that include label classes to geodatabase annotation, the label classes are converted to geodatabase annotation classes. As part of the conversion, ArcMap automatically adds the new annotation layer, including any annotation classes, to the table of contents.

9. Right-click Keys and choose Properties. On the General tab, you will see that the Scale Range was inherited from the Keys label class. Click the Annotation Class tab and click Text Symbol. This shows the text symbol properties for the annotation class. The properties are all disabled because they are read-only in this dialog box. Click OK twice to get back to your map.

10. The annotation layer can be treated like any other layer in terms of drawing sequence: you can move it wherever you like in the table of contents. But remember that other layers, such as those with polygon features, can obscure the annotation features.

11. Export the map and insert it into your lab document. Make sure that you can see the labels in your exported map.

d. Adding Unplaced Annotation

1. Like the other layers in the table of contents, the annotation layer has an attribute table. Open the attribute table for CountiesAnno. The fields you see in this annotation attribute table store values that enable ArcMap to draw the annotation text with the properties you define.

2. Go to the Status field, which tells you whether an annotation is placed or unplaced. Scroll down in the table. Notice that there are several unplaced annotations. Close the table.

3. Start an edit session by right-clicking on CountiesAnno>Edit Features>Start Editing. On the Editor drop-down list, choose Editing Windows and then Unplaced Annotation. When you are working with geodatabase annotation, the annotation that will not fit on the map is called unplaced annotation.

4. In the Unplaced Annotation window, check Draw. Click the drop-down list next to Show and select the Keys annotation class under CoutniesAnno. Click Search Now. You see a list of the unplaced annotation. The Text column contains the actual text for the annotation, and the Class column shows your annotation layer and annotation class. In your map each unplaced annotation now draws inside a red rectangle. This is analogous to viewing unplaced labels. You are seeing where the annotation is attempting to draw.

5. Right-click the first row in the Unplaced Annotation window and choose Pan to Annotation. Click the same annotation in the first row in the Unplaced Annotation window to see the unplaced annotation flash once on the map to show where the annotation will be placed.

6. Select all the unplaced annotation entries in the Unplaced Annotation window, right-click the list and choose Place Annotation. All of the unplaced annotation is now placed on the map. Close the Unplaced Annotation window. The newly placed annotation features are all selected in the map.

7. Reposition each example of annotation text that you just added in order to make your map easier to read. Save your edits and stop editing.

8. Export the map and insert it into your lab document. Make sure that you can see the newly placed labels in your exported map.

Part II. Edit Geodatabase Annotation

a. Open ReefTours.mxd

This maps shows Southern Florida including the Florida Keys, coral reefs, lines of bathymetry, and some descriptive text.

b. Convert from Map to Geodatabase Annotation

1. Go to the Florida Keys bookmark. Find the Tennessee Reef and will notice that it is misspelled. "Ref" should be "Reef." You need to work with the reef data to make this correction, but are not sure what type of text you need to work with. There are a variety of ways in which to identify the type of map text with which you are working:

o Open the Label Manager and confirm whether the layer is checked.

o Use the Select Elements tool.

o Examine the data frame properties for annotation groups.

2. Turn off visibility for all layers except Reefs. There are various options for making geodatabase annotation. One option is to convert map annotation to geodatabase annotation. To do this, you will need to verify that an annotation feature class has already been created within a geodatabase, in order to store your newly converted annotations. Open the Catalog window and navigate to the SouthFlorida.gdb in your lab3 folder. Open the Coast feature dataset and you should see an annotation feature class named ReefsAnno.

3. To Verify that no records are already present in the ReefsAnno feature class:

o Right click ReefsAnno and choose Item Description.

o Click the Preview tab, and then set the Preview to Table.

4. Drag ReefsAnno into your map just above the Reefs layer. Find the reference scale for this annotation feature class by going to the properties of the ReefsAnno layer and selecting the Annotation tab. Set both the map scale and the data frame reference scales to match the reference scale for the ReefsAnno annotation.

5. Open the data frame properties and make sure that both the Default and the ReefsAnno annotation groups are checked. Click OK to close the dialog box.

6. To update the ReefsAnno annotation class, start an edit session (right-click>edit features>start editing). From the Edit menu, choose Select All Elements. This will make dashed lines around all the reef annotation.

7. On the Drawing toolbar, from the Drawing menu, set the Active Annotation Target to ReefsAnno (make sure you choose the geodatabase feature class. It will not have a space in its name). From the Edit menu, choose Cut and then paste.

8. The annotation shifted to the right. So while all the annotation elements are still selected, you can reposition them as a group. Drag the annotation elements slightly to the left, nearer to the point features. Use TENNESSEE REF as your guide. You do not need to be very precise. Save your edits.

9. Click the display to remove the selection outlines. Open the data frame properties and remove the ReefsAnno annotation group, and then click OK to close the menu. In the ArcMap table of contents, turn ReefsAnno off and on to confirm that you moved the annotation successfully to this annotation feature class.

10. Export the map and insert it into your lab document Make sure that you can see the new set of labels in your exported map.

c. Editing Geodatabase Annotation

1. While you are still editing ReefsAnno, you will update both the Tennessee Reef point attribute table and the annotation attribute table with the correct spelling. On the Editor toolbar, click the Edit tool and then select the Tennessee Ref point feature.

2. On the Editor toolbar, click the Attributes button to open the attribute editing window. In the lower panel, click TENNESSEE REF, the value for NAME and correct the spelling to TENNESSEE REEF. Save your edits. To check your work, turn off the Reefs and ReefsAnno layers, and then turn them on again to refresh the display.

3. The annotation feature has not been updated. In this case, there is nothing in the geodatabase that connects, or links, the annotation to the feature. If you want to keep the annotation data synchronous with the feature data, you will need to edit the annotation, too.

4. Click the Edit Annotation tool and then click the Tennessee Ref annotation feature. The annotation is enclosed in a box, and the two rotation handles, the red resize handle, and the selection handle appear. In the window that opens, make sure that the Annotation tab is selected. The annotation appears as formatted text, the way it would on the map.

5. In the lower-right corner of the formatted text window, click the Refresh button to toggle to the unformatted text. Correct the spelling to TENNESSEE REEF. Click the Refresh button again to toggle to the formatted text so you can verify the results. Finally, click the Apply button.

6. Click the Attributes tab. Notice that the value for the TextString attribute has updated with your change. Save your edits.

7. Export the map and insert it into your lab document. Make sure that you can see the correctly spelled label in your exported map.

d. Editing Splined Text

1. In this step, you will reposition annotation for a line feature layer. Zoom to the Continental Shelf bookmark. With the Edit Annotation tool, select the Continental Shelf annotation feature near the U shape.

2. Right-click the selection, point to Follow, and then choose Follow Feature Options. In the dialog box that opens set the following parameters and when finished click OK:

• For Make annotation, choose Curved.

• For Constrain Placement, choose Side cursor is on.

• For Offset from feature, enter 500. This will offset the annotation from the line feature by 500 meters.

• Uncheck the box for Use placement properties defined in the annotation class.

3. Move your mouse pointer over the U-shaped line feature near the Continental Shelf annotation feature. Right-click and then choose Follow This Feature. The line feature flashes and the annotation curves to follow the line.

4. Place the mouse pointer over the annotation feature. The pointer will change to the four-pointed Move Annotation pointer. Drag the Continental Shelf annotation feature back and forth along the line feature and position it just below the U shape. Notice how the annotation closely follows the curve. Drag the annotation so that it lies in a smoother location, just above the line and to the left of the U.

5. Place the mouse pointer over the red triangle. The pointer will change to the two-pointed Resize Annotation pointer. Drag the resize handle upward to slightly increase the size of the annotation. Save your edits.

6. Export the map and insert it into your lab document. Make sure that you can see the curved label in your exported map.

e. Creating Geodatabase Annotation Independent of Attributes

1. You want to create descriptive text for the Gulf of Mexico approximately in the center of the map, south of the Continental Shelf. You can choose to store your new annotation in one of the existing annotation feature classes or create a new one. For now, you will use an existing feature class.

2. Open the Create Features window if it is not currently displayed. Click ContinentalShelfAnno and in the Construction Tools dialog box, click the Straight tool.

3. In the Annotation Construction window, type Gulf of Mexico and click inside the blue area below the Continental Shelf annotation. Move your mouse pointer to rotate the annotation until it is horizontal with the map display and click the map to stop the rotation.

4. Click the Edit Annotation tool to stop adding annotation text, and then click the red triangular resize handle and drag the annotation to increase its size.

5. Stop editing and save your edits. Refresh the screen to check your work.

6. Export the map and insert it into your lab document. Make sure that you can see the curved label in your exported map.

Part III. Set Basic Type Characteristics

a. Open Helena.mxd.

This map contains text labels for cities, railroads, roads, and water features. The text that describes each layer is stored as an annotation feature class in the same geodatabase as the features that are described. Storing text in a geodatabase as an annotation feature class has many advantages; in this exercise, it will allow you to efficiently modify the text properties.

b. Explore ArcMap's type controls

1. On the layout page, double-click inside the Helena, MT data frame. Notice that the perimeter of the frame is highlighted with diagonal slashes. This indicates that the data frame is in focus. When a data frame is in focus, you can select annotation to edit and reposition.

2. Zoom in to the southeast portion of the data frame to view Canyon Ferry Lake more closely. Select the Canyon Ferry Lake text. Notice that it becomes highlighted with a cyan dashed box. Double-click the Canyon Ferry Lake annotation to open its Properties dialog. In the Text tab, click Change Symbol and the Symbol Selector opens. Here you see the type settings for this text: font, size, style, and color.

3. Click the Edit Symbol button; the Editor window opens. The Editor contains a Preview area on the left, which shows the current appearance of the text, and a Properties area on the right that contains a selection of more advanced editing controls organized into four tabs.

4. In the Properties area, click each tab to review the range of type characteristics you can control in ArcMap. Now that you've seen what type characteristics you can control in ArcMap, click Cancel to close the Editor, Symbol Selector, and Properties dialog and return to the Helena map.

c. Specify a font and style for water features

1. In cartography, natural features are often labeled on maps using serif fonts. You will change the font for the Canyon Ferry Lake text to a serif font. An annotation feature class is just like any other feature class—to edit its attributes, you must start an edit session and use the editing tools.

2. Display the Editor toolbar and from the Editor menu, choose Start Editing. Click the Edit Annotation tool, then click the Canyon Ferry Lake text to select it.

3. Notice that the annotation is outlined in bright cyan just like any other selected feature. In the Attributes dialog that opens on the right side of ArcMap, the Annotation tab should be active.

4. Change the Canyon Ferry Lake font to Bell MT, italic. Click Apply. On the map, the annotation has updated.

5. Use the Layout toolbar's Pan tool to pan up the map page. Edit the font for the five other lake features (Helena Valley Regulating Reservoir, Lake Helena, Hauser Lake, Upper Holter Lake, and Holter Lake) so that they match Canyon Ferry Lake.

6. Next, you will change the font for the streams annotation to use the same font as the lakes. One advantage of storing annotation in a geodatabase feature class is that you can edit properties of all the annotation features at once. With the Edit Annotation tool, click in an empty space on the layout to unselect any selected annotation.

7. In the table of contents, expand the Streams layer. Right-click StreamsAnno, choose Selection, then click Select All.

8. In the Attributes dialog, click StreamsAnno in the top pane, then click the Attributes tab. Click in the Value column next to FontName and enter Bell MT. Click in the Value column next to Italic and choose Yes in the dropdown list.

9. Click one of the features in the top pane and look at its attributes on the right. The FontName and Italic attributes have been updated for all the stream features.

10. From the Editor menu, choose Save Edits. With the Edit Annotation tool, click in an empty area of the map to unselect all the stream annotation. Click the Zoom Whole Page button.

11. Export the map and insert it into your lab document. Make sure that you can see the labels in your exported map.

d. Specify font and style for human features

1. To distinguish human features from natural ones, cartographers often use a sans serif font. In this step, you'll specify different text properties for the city, highway, and railroad labels.

2. Use the Layout toolbar's Zoom In button to zoom in on the cities located in the southern portion of the map. In the table of contents, expand the Cities layer. Right-click CitiesAnno, choose Selection, then click Select All.

3. In the Attributes dialog, click CitiesAnno in the top pane. Change the FontSize to 10 and for Bold, choose Yes. Click the first city feature in the list to confirm the attribute changes.

4. With the Edit Annotation tool, click in an empty area of the layout to unselect the cities annotation. Select all the highway annotation features and change their FontName to Arial Narrow and their FontSize to 9. Use the same process to change the railroad annotation's FontName to Arial Narrow, FontSize to 9, and choose Yes for Italic.

5. When you're finished, unselect the railroad annotation, and from the Editor menu, choose Stop Editing. Click Yes to save your edits. Zoom out to the whole page and click in an empty area to remove the focus from the Helena, MT data frame.

6. Export the map and paste it in your lab document.

e. Examine special characters

1. When you want to use special characters, you access the Character Map. Not all system administrators choose to install the Character Map, but it is a default option with a regular Windows installation. Click your Windows Start menu, then click Programs, Accessories, System Tools, then Character Map. The Character Map lists all the fonts installed on your computer.

2. In the Font dropdown list at the top of the window, choose Bell MT. Explore the special characters in this font by previewing them. To preview, click a character box and hold down your mouse button until the large view displays. A single click enlarges the letter and a double-click copies it to the "Characters to copy" text box. You can then copy the selected character from the Character Map and paste it into a text element in ArcMap.

3. The Character Map is a useful tool for examining the many symbols available in specialized ESRI fonts provided with ArcMap. In the Font dropdown list, choose ESRI Environmental & Icons. Note the variety of specialized symbols that are available for use in ArcMap.

4. Restore your ArcMap window. From the Insert menu, choose Text. In the text box, spell out the word "copyright", then your name. Move the text box to the lower left corner of the page. You will now replace the word “copyright” with the copyright special character (the letter "C" inside a circle).

5. Select your copyright text. Double-click the text to open the Properties dialog. Next, go back to the Character Map and change the font to Bell MT. Find the copyright symbol. Double-click it. The symbol is added to the "Characters to copy" text box. Click the Copy button and go back to the ArcMap Properties dialog. Highlight only the word "copyright," right-click, and choose Paste. The copyright symbol now displays on the layout.

6. Export the map and paste it in your lab document.

Part IV. Size Map Labels

a. Open Polson.mxd

b. Change character spacing for an area feature label

1. Labeling area features is often a challenging design problem. One way to suggest the spatial extent of those features is to use character spacing. You will change the character spacing for the county labels on this map. The text that labels the counties is stored in an annotation feature class, so before modifying the character spacing, you will need to start an edit session.

2. If necessary, the Editor toolbar and from the Editor menu, choose Start Editing. Zoom in to the northwest portion of the map with the Layout Zoom tool. Click the Edit Annotation tool, then click the Flathead text to select it.

3. In the Attributes dialog, click the Attributes tab. Click in the Value column next to CharacterSpacing and enter 200.

4. Since you have the Attributes dialog for the Flathead County annotation open, you will go ahead and modify some of its other display properties. Click the Annotation tab. Click the color patch at the bottom of the dialog and change the font color to Gray 50%. Change the font size to 9.5 (type it directly into the box). Click the Bold button. Click Apply. And while you are at it, change to a different sans serif font.

5. The Flathead text has updated with the new character spacing and font characteristics.

c. Modify other county annotations

1. In this step, you'll modify the other county annotation features using the same properties you set for the Flathead County annotation.

2. In the table of contents, expand the Counties layer. Right-click CountiesAnno, choose Selection, then click Select All.

3. In the Attributes dialog, click the Attributes tab. In the top pane, click Flathead to select it. Click in the Value column next to CharacterSpacing to select that value, right-click and choose Copy. Next, click CountiesAnno (the layer name) in the top pane. Click in the Value column next to CharacterSpacing, right-click, and choose Paste. Click down through the list of features to confirm that each now has a CharacterSpacing value of 200. Use the same process to copy/paste the FontSize attribute value from Flathead to the CountiesAnno layer.

4. To update the font color, style (bold), and name for the other county annotations, you will use the Annotation tab and modify each annotation feature individually. Click Lake and change its color to Gray 50% and make it bold. Do the same for the Missoula and Sanders annotation features.

5. Move the Attributes dialog out of the way so you can see the map. Zoom out to the whole layout page. Click in an empty area of the page to unselect the annotation. If necessary, use the Edit Annotation tool to reposition the county annotation features.

6. Export the map and paste it in your lab document.

d. Experiment with line spacing (leading)

1. Leading variation is used in the same way as character spacing. By choosing a large leading, you imply that a feature is not localized to a small area. Alternatively, a small (negative) leading value can pull multiple lines of text closer together.

2. Zoom in to the Flathead Lake annotation, then use the Edit Annotation tool to select it. In the Annotation dialog, in the text box where the Flathead Lake text displays, click in front of Lake and press Backspace to remove the space between the two words. Press Enter to move Lake to a second line.

3. At the bottom of the dialog, click the Align Right button. Click the Attributes tab and change the CharacterSpacing to 50 and the FontLeading to 10. Close the Attributes dialog and look at the map.

4. Three other annotations on the map would be more effective if they had multiple lines and were leaded differently: Flathead Reservation, Pablo National Wildlife Refuge, and Swan River National Wildlife Refuge. You'll modify them. Zoom out to the whole layout page and click in an empty area to unselect the Flathead Lake annotation.

5. Unlike the other annotation on this map, the Flathead Reservation annotation is stored in the map document. To modify its properties, you need to use a different process. Using the select elements tool, double-click FLATHEAD RESERVATION in the west-central part of the map to open its Properties dialog. Make the following changes: two lines of text, Character Spacing = 50, and Leading = 12. Click Change Symbol. In the Symbol Selector, change the font to your new favorite sans serif, italic. Close the Properties dialog.

6. Click in an empty area to unselect FLATHEAD RESERVATION. Use the Edit Annotation tool to select the two refuge annotations, then open the Attributes dialog. Make the following changes:

• Pablo National Wildlife Refuge- two lines of text, right alignment, FontLeading -2, Bodoni MT, 9 pt.

• Swan River National Wildlife Refuge- three lines of text, right alignment, FontLeading -2, Bodoni MT, 9 pt.

7. Reposition the refuge annotation on the map as needed.

8. Export the map and paste it in your Word document.

Part V. Work with Type Effects

a. Open SaintIgnatius.mxd.

This map shows a number of closely spaced wildlife refuges north of Saint Ignatius. Some human features (railroads and highways) are also tightly spaced in some areas. You will create a variety of text effects to distinguish the labels and the features they name.

b. Create a callout

1. Ideally, callouts are used in conjunction with thoughtful feature label placement. Callouts should be used only when needed to clearly identify a feature.

2. Enlarge the area around Ninepipe Reservoir in the north-central part of the map using the Layout Zoom In button. There are eight refuges (labeled "Production Areas") in this area. You'll change the leading for the text identifying these features. Once again, the text is stored in an annotation feature class.

3. Start an edit session. In the table of contents, right-click USFWSAnno, choose Selection, then click Select All. On the editor toolbar, select the Attributes button. In the top pane, click the USFWSAnno layer name. In the Attributes dialog change the FontLeading to -2.

4. Click the Edit Annotation tool, then on the layout page, click in an open space to unselect the annotations. Before you create callouts, you need to reposition the annotation for the production areas. Select the individual annotations and move them so they are not located on top of the features they describe (don't worry about being perfect).

5. Now you'll create a callout for one of the production area annotations. With the Edit Annotation tool, select the Kicking Horse Waterfowl Production Area annotation. In the Attributes dialog, click the Annotation tab, then click the Symbol button. In the Symbol Selector, click Edit Symbol. In the Editor, click the Advanced Text tab, check the Text Background box, then click Properties. In the Type dropdown list, choose Line Callout. Uncheck the box next to Border. Under Style, click the third callout style from the left. Margins control the gap between the text and borders. Set all four margins to 1. Close the open dialogs and return to the Attributes dialog. In the Attributes dialog, click the Align Left button, then click Apply.

6. On the map, notice that an anchor box now displays. Both the anchor point (green box) and the text position can be changed. Click the anchor (green box) and drag the it into the center of the Kicking Horse Waterfowl Production Area feature. Drag the text to a new location. Try several locations. Notice how the leader repositions when moved.

7. Export the map and paste it in your lab document.

c. Design a custom callout

1. Design controls can be nested in many layers of windows. In this step, you'll design a callout with a simple arrowhead to explore the depth of the controls. Because it will take quite a few steps to create the arrowhead callout, you will create it as a unique style. You will then be able to easily reuse the callout (provided you are keep working on the same computer).

2. From the Customize menu, choose Style Manager. In the Style Manager, expand the top folder, which shows the path to the style file that is on your computer (e.g., C:\Users\HT301\AppData\Roaming\ESRI\Desktop 10.1\ArcMap\). By default, when you create custom symbols, they are saved to your personal style file. Folders underneath the main folder are white if they are empty. When you add a custom symbol to a folder, the folder will become yellow.

3. Click the Text Symbols folder, then right-click and choose New, then Text Symbol. In the editor window, click the Advanced Text tab and check the box next to Text Background. Click Properties, and in the Type dropdown list, choose Line Callout. This callout has a plain line running from the text to the feature. To add an arrowhead, you must work through several more dialogs.

4. Click the Symbol button under Leader, then the Edit Symbols button. In the Symbol Property Editor, change the Type to Cartographic Line Symbol. Click the Line Properties tab. Under Line Decorations, choose the line with the left pointing arrowhead.

5. You can also edit the properties of the arrowhead. In the Line Decorations area, click the Properties button, then click the Symbol button. Once more, click the Edit Symbol button. In the Arrow Marker tab, specify both length and width as 4. Close all the open dialogs. Back in the Style Manager, name the new symbol Arrowhead callout. Close the Style Manager.

6. On the map, select the Duck Haven Waterfowl Production Area annotation. In the Annotation dialog, click Symbol. Notice that the custom symbol you just created displays at the top of the symbol list. Click the Arrowhead callout symbol, then click OK. Change the font to 10 pt and click the Align Left button. Click Apply.

7. As before, move the anchor point to the center of the feature and experiment with repositioning the text. Unselect the annotation so you can clearly see the callout.

8. Export the map and paste it in your lab document.

d. Create shadows

1. The county names on this map (Lake, Missoula, and Sanders) are displayed with a text color of Gray 50%. This color choice holds up well against the beige reservation color but not as well against the green national forest areas. Shadows are one way of creating contrast between the foreground (labels) and the background (area colors).

2. Zoom out to the full layout page extent. Select the three CountyAnno features. In the Annotation dialog, click the CountiesAnno layer name, then click the Symbol button. In the Symbol Selector, click the Edit Symbol button. Click the Advanced Text tab. Change the Shadow color to white. Set the X Offset to 1 and the Y Offset to -1. Click OK to close all the dialogs and click Apply in the Attributes dialog. Change the font to your new favorite sans serif.

3. Zoom in to one of the county annotations to see the shadow effect.

4. Export the map and paste it in your lab document.

e. Add halos to break lines for town names

1. The halo effect is a good way to make map text distinct from nearby or underlying features. Zoom out to the whole layout page, then zoom in to the town of Arlee at the bottom of the map. Notice that the text is superimposed on the line feature representing the Jocko River.

2. With the Edit Annotation tool, click the Arlee annotation. In the Annotation dialog, click the Symbol button, then click the Edit Symbol button and select the Mask tab. Click the Halo option, then click Symbol. In the Symbol Selector, click the Beige symbol. For Outline Color, choose No Color. Click OK to close all the open dialogs. Click Apply in the Attributes dialog. Change the font to your new favorite sans serif.

3. Click away from the annotation to unselect it. Notice that the halo prevents the Jocko River from interfering with the town name.

4. Zoom out, then zoom in to the town of Charlo in the north of the map. Create a halo around the annotation for Charlo. Use the same fill color as for Arlee (beige with no outline) and the same font type. If necessary, reposition the Charlo annotation so that its halo doesn't cover up the Ninepipe Reservoir or Ninepipe National Wildlife Refuge features.

5. Export the map and paste it in your lab document.

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