University of Alabama at Birmingham



Worksheet 11 Special sensesWhat is the pharynx? What are the divisions of the pharynx? Name special characteristics of each division.Pharynx is a muscular connection between the nasal cavity and the larynx. It consists of 3 areas the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx.Nasopharynx is posterior to the nasal cavity and superior to soft palate. You can find pharyngeal tonsils here which are lymphoid tissueOropharynx is posterior to the oral cavity and inferior to soft palate. The uvula, palatine tonsil can be found here. The epiglottis is its inferior borderLaryngopharynx is the space around the larynx (voice box). The larynx is an important structure because it serves as both the passageway for air and food.Name some of the functions of saliva and the three main salivary glands found in the human body. Remember, salivary glands are exocrine gland composed of epithelial tissue***Saliva begins digestion, lubricates mouth, moistens food, and helps control bacterial flora. There are 3 main glands the parotid that sits above the masseter, the submandibular, and the sublingual gland. Their ducts enter several places in the oral cavity. One important aspect is that for saliva production, CN IX gives these glands specially the parotid gland parasympathetic innervation. PG GP446405486292dentindentin116736286385enamel0enamelLabel and describe the following parts of the tooth: dentin, enamel, pulp cavity, crown, root, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolus15310881904350Root canalRoot canal15310881489680rootroot14452601063049alveolusalveolus1446028819829Gingivae Gingivae 1392865427163crowncrown733425127222Pulp cavityPulp cavityWhat is the human dental formula? What is a heterodonth?Human dental formula is 2123 (2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars) a heterodonth is something like a human that has different types of teeth and that is because we eat variety of foods.Trace the path of a scent from the external nares to the central nervous system. Describe each structure and its function along the way. (remember the sense of smell is the only sense not relayed by the thalamus)External naresnasal cavityolfactory epitheliumolfactory nerve olfactory bulbolfactory tractbrainExternal nares are the openings into the nose. Nasal cavity is lined with nasal mucosa. Olfactory epithelium are specialized cells for smelling. Olfactory nerve is cranial nerve I and it goes through the cribriform foramina of the cribriform plate.The axons of olfactory receptor (smell receptor) cells extend directly into the highly organized olfactory bulb, where information about odors is processed.What are the three types of papillae found on the human tongue? What cranial nerves are associated with taste? What part of the brain is associated with taste processing?Cirumvallate, fungiform, and filiform. There are 6 flavors: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, water and umami. CN VII and CN IX. Taste buds are located on the periphery of these papillae.3444432360208Choroid: highly vascularized structure…provides nourishment for retina. Part of vascular tunic00Choroid: highly vascularized structure…provides nourishment for retina. Part of vascular tunicLabel the following and describe their functions: sclera, cornea, choroid, ciliary body, suspensory ligament, lens, retina, optic disc, optic nerve, posterior cavity, vitreous humor, anterior cavity, aqueous humor.-4134153163393Optic disc: point of exit for the ganglion cell axons leaving the eye. Blind spot because of the absence of rods and cones0Optic disc: point of exit for the ganglion cell axons leaving the eye. Blind spot because of the absence of rods and cones-414655750600Optic nerve. Cranial nerve II. Special sensory function0Optic nerve. Cranial nerve II. Special sensory function-15985217455Retina: nervous tunic. Contains rods and cones for vision 0Retina: nervous tunic. Contains rods and cones for vision 12759073430018Posterior cavity: extends from lens to retina. Contains vitreous humor00Posterior cavity: extends from lens to retina. Contains vitreous humor12179302110740024644943503295Anterior cavity: extends from cornea to lens. Contains aqueous humor.0Anterior cavity: extends from cornea to lens. Contains aqueous humor.40616372526251Ciliary body: helps release aqueous humor and contracts suspensory ligaments to accommodate lens. Part of the vascular tunic of the eye00Ciliary body: helps release aqueous humor and contracts suspensory ligaments to accommodate lens. Part of the vascular tunic of the eye40633652026300Iris: only pigmented muscle in the body. Changes size to allow light in, composed of smoot muscle.00Iris: only pigmented muscle in the body. Changes size to allow light in, composed of smoot muscle.43370501292225Cornea: part of fibrous tunic, covers the front of the eye0Cornea: part of fibrous tunic, covers the front of the eye44754801706880Pupil: hole in the eye through which light comes in00Pupil: hole in the eye through which light comes in42845671079677Lens: helps adjust light coming in00Lens: helps adjust light coming in29343351919605027324052259965004284050569329Suspensory ligaments extend from ciliary bodies and help adjust lens. Part of vascular tunic0Suspensory ligaments extend from ciliary bodies and help adjust lens. Part of vascular tunic414669891396Sclera: part of fribrous tunic and known as the white of the eye. Made up of collagen fibers.0Sclera: part of fribrous tunic and known as the white of the eye. Made up of collagen fibers.3019395165925526382409155222476196274346800191386204257300265814121323454226050085321158799681528282601213234330672514790482466752426425What are some of the extraocular structures of the eyes?extraocular muscles, eyelashes, eyelids, eyebrows, sphincter muscle, lacrimal gland, nasolacrimal duct, levator palpabrae superiorisWhat are rods and cones? Rods and cones are receptors found in the retina. Rods are for black and white vision and cones are for different wavelengths (color). These photoreceptors are located closest to the choroid than near the vitreous chamber. Cones are highly concentrated in an area called the macula. Light sensitive heads of rods and cones are imbedded in what is called “the pigmented layer”How is CN II different from other cranial nerves?CN II is not truly a peripheral nerve. Essentially, it’s an extension of the brain along with the retina. Increase of pressure in the CSF of the brain will increase the pressure of the CSF next to the optic nerve. This is clinically important because the dr can look in your eyes and determine if there is something wrong with the CSF of the brainWhat causes glaucoma?Glaucoma is the disease where aqueous humor fails to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream through the canal of schlemm. There are no symptoms. It’s treatable but if left untreated it can lead to blindnessLINKS ABOUT THE FUNCTIONS OF THE EAR ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download