Aerial Application CEU Course - CEU Training for Water ...
Registration form
Aerial Application CEU Training $200.00
48 HOUR RUSH ORDER PROCESSING FEE ADDITIONAL $50.00
Start and finish dates: _________________________________________________
You will have 90 days from this date in order to complete this course
Print Name____________________________________________________________
I have read and understood the disclaimer notice found on pages 2 & 8. Signature is required.
You can electronically sign with XXX
Signature ______________________________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________________________________
City________________________________________ State ________Zip___________
Phone:
Home (______)______________________ Work (______)________________________
Fax (______)_________________________ Email_____________________________
License or
ID #________________________________________Exp. Date___________________
Please circle/check which certification you are applying the course CEU’s.
Commercial Applicator_____ Residential Applicator_____ Industrial Applicator_____
Pesticide Handler_____ Agricultural Applicator_____ Adviser_____ Other ________________
Technical Learning College
PO Box 3060, Chino Valley, AZ 86323-3060
Toll Free (866) 557-1746 Fax (928) 272-0747
info@
If you’ve paid on the Internet, please write your Customer #____________________
We will e-mail you the certificate of completion. Please provide an e-mail address.
DISCLAIMER NOTICE
I fully understand that this type of study program deals with dangerous conditions and that I will not hold Technical Learning College, Technical Learning Consultants, Inc. (TLC) liable for any errors, omissions, advice, suggestions or neglect contained in this CEU education training course or for any violation or injury, death, neglect, damage or loss of your license or certification caused in any fashion by this CEU education training or course material suggestion or error. It is my responsibility to call or contact TLC if I need help or assistance and double-check to ensure my registration page and assignment has been received and graded. It is my responsibility to ensure all information is correct and to abide with all rules and regulations.
State Approval Listing Link, check to see if your State accepts or has pre-approved this course. Not all States are listed. Not all courses are listed. If the course is not accepted for CEU credit, we will give you the course free if you ask your State to accept it for credit.
State Approval Listing URL…
You can obtain a printed version of the course manual from TLC for an additional $129.95 plus shipping charges.
AFFIDAVIT OF EXAM COMPLETION
I affirm that I personally completed the entire text of the course. I also affirm that I completed the exam without assistance from any outside source. I understand that it is my responsibility to file or maintain my certificate of completion as required by the state or by the designation organization.
Grading Information
In order to maintain the integrity of our courses we do not distribute test scores, percentages or questions missed. Our exams are based upon pass/fail criteria with the benchmark for successful completion set at 70%. Once you pass the exam, your record will reflect a successful completion and a certificate will be issued to you.
For security purposes, please fax or e-mail a copy of your driver’s license and always call us to confirm we’ve received your assignment and to confirm your identity.
Thank you…
CUSTOMER SERVICE RESPONSE CARD
Aerial Application Training Course
NAME: ________________________________________
PLEASE COMPLETE THIS FORM BY CIRCLING THE NUMBER OF THE APPROPRIATE ANSWER IN THE AREA BELOW.
1. Please rate the difficulty of your course.
Very Easy 0 1 2 3 4 5 Very Difficult
2. Please rate the difficulty of the testing process.
Very Easy 0 1 2 3 4 5 Very Difficult
3. Please rate the subject matter on the exam to your actual field or work.
Very Similar 0 1 2 3 4 5 Very Different
4. How did you hear about this Course?__________________________________
5. What would you do to improve the Course?
_______________________________________________________________________
How about the price of the course?
Poor_____ Fair ____ Average ____ Good____ Great_____
How was your customer service?
Poor___ Fair ____ Average ____ Good _____ Great_____
Any other concerns or comments.
__________________________________________________________________________
You are finished with your assignment. Please fax this answer key and your registration page along with the customer survey to TLC.
We will require a photocopy of your driver’s license.
Fax Number (928) 272-0747 Back-Up Fax (928) 468-0675
Always call us after faxing the paperwork to ensure that we’ve received it. Allow two weeks for processing and for the proper DPR forms to be sent back to you. If you need this course graded and your certificate sooner, add a $50.00 rush fee. This may not include postage charges. Thank you for your business.
Grading Information
In order to maintain the integrity of our courses we do not distribute test scores, percentages or questions missed. Our exams are based upon pass/fail criteria with the benchmark for successful completion set at 70%. Once you pass the exam, your record will reflect a successful completion and a certificate will be issued to you.
Rush Grading Service
If you need this assignment graded and the results mailed to you within a 48-hour period, prepare to pay an additional rush service handling fee of $50.00. This fee may not cover postage costs. If you need this service, simply write RUSH on the top of your Registration Form. We will place you in the front of the grading and processing line.
Aerial Application Answer Key
Name__________________________________
Phone# _________________________________
Did you check with your State agency to ensure this course is accepted for credit?
No refunds.
Method of Course acceptance confirmation. Please fill this section
Website __ Telephone Call___ Email____ Spoke to_________________________
Did you receive the approval number, if applicable? _________________________
You are responsible to ensure that TLC receives the Assignment and Registration Key. Please call us to ensure that we received it. No refunds.
I understand that I am 100 percent responsible to ensure that TLC receives the Assignment and Registration Key. I understand that TLC has a zero tolerance towards not following their rules, cheating or hostility towards staff or instructors. I need to complete the entire assignment for credit. There is no credit for partial assignment completion. My exam was proctored. I will contact TLC if I do not hear back from them within 2 days of assignment submission. I will forfeit my purchase costs and will not receive credit or a refund if I do not abide with TLC’s rules. I will comply will TLC’s rules on pages 2, 8,and 9. I will not hold them liable for any misinformation or any injury.
Please Sign that you understand and will abide with TLC’s Rules.
______________________________________________________
Signature
Please write down any questions that cannot be found or has problems
Please circle, underline, bold or X only one correct answer
A felt tipped pen works best.
Multiple Choice. Pick only one answer per question.
Circle or Mark off, Underline or Bold the answer. Please circle the number of the assignment version 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5
Topic 1 - Aerial Application Introduction
10 final exam questions. (s) Means answer can be singular or plural.
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D
Topic 2 - Understanding Hydraulics and Sprayer Principles
10 final exam questions. (s) Means answer can be singular or plural.
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D
Topic 3 - Understanding Pumps and Aerial Sprayers
10 final exam questions. (s) Means answer can be singular or plural.
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D
Topic 4 - Aerial Application Assignment and Control Information Section
10 final exam questions. (s) Means answer can be singular or plural.
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D
Topic 5 - Pesticide Drift Control and Training Requirements
10 final exam questions. (s) Means answer can be singular or plural.
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D
Topic 6 - Complications/ Limitations / Risk
10 final exam questions. (s) Means answer can be singular or plural.
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D
Topic 7- Aerial and Agricultural Pesticides
10 final exam questions. (s) Means answer can be singular or plural.
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D
Write down any questions which had problems.
Important Information about this Course (Disclaimer Notice)
This CEU course has been prepared to educate pesticide applicators and operators in general safety awareness of dealing with the often-complex and various pesticide treatment sprays, devices, methods, and applications. This course (manual) will cover general laws, regulations, required procedures and accepted policies relating to the use of pesticides and herbicides. It should be noted, however, that the regulation of pesticides and hazardous materials is an ongoing process and subject to change over time. For this reason, a list of resources is provided to assist in obtaining the most up-to-date information on various subjects. This manual is a not a guidance document for applicators or operators who are involved with pesticides. It is not designed to meet the requirements of the United States Environmental Protection Agency or your local State environmental protection agency or health department. This course manual will provide general pesticide safety awareness and should not be used as a basis for pesticide treatment method/device guidance. This document is not a detailed pesticide informational manual or a source or remedy for poison control.
Technical Learning College or Technical Learning Consultants, Inc. makes no warranty, guarantee or representation as to the absolute correctness or appropriateness of the information in this manual and assumes no responsibility in connection with the implementation of this information. It cannot be assumed that this manual contains all measures and concepts required for specific conditions or circumstances. This document should be used for educational purposes only and is not considered a legal document. Pesticides are poisonous. Always read and carefully follow all precautions and safety recommendations given on the container label. Store all chemicals in the original labeled containers in a locked cabinet or shed, away from food or feeds, and out of the reach of children, unauthorized persons, pets, and livestock.
Confine chemicals to the property or plants being treated. Avoid drift onto neighboring properties, especially gardens containing fruits and/or vegetables ready to be picked. Dispose of empty containers carefully. Follow label instructions for disposal. Never reuse containers. Make sure empty containers are not accessible to children or animals. Never dispose of containers where they may contaminate water supplies or natural waterways. Do not pour down sink or toilet. Consult your county agricultural commissioner for correct ways of disposing of excess pesticides. You should never burn pesticide containers. Individuals who are responsible for pesticide storage, mixing and application should obtain and comply with the most recent federal, state, and local regulations relevant to these sites and are urged to consult with the EPA and other appropriate federal, state and local agencies.
USE PESTICIDES WISELY: ALWAYS READ THE ENTIRE PESTICIDE LABEL CAREFULLY, FOLLOW ALL MIXING AND APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS AND WEAR ALL RECOMMENDED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE GEAR AND CLOTHING. CONTACT YOUR STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR ANY ADDITIONAL PESTICIDE USE REQUIREMENTS, RESTRICTIONS OR RECOMMENDATIONS.
NOTICE: MENTION OF PESTICIDE PRODUCTS IN THIS COURSE DOES NOT CONSTITUTE ENDORSEMENT OF ANY MATERIAL OR HERB OR HERBAL SUPPLEMENT. ALWAYS FOLLOW THE PRODUCT’S LABEL INSTRUCTIONS.
NOTICE
I understand that it is my responsibility to ensure that this CEU course is either approved or accepted in my State for CEU credit. I understand State laws and rules change on a frequent basis and I believe this course is currently accepted in my State for CEU or contact hour credit, if it is not, I will not hold Technical Learning College responsible.
I also understand that this type of study program deals with dangerous conditions and that I will not hold Technical Learning College, Technical Learning Consultants, Inc. (TLC) liable for any errors or omissions or advice contained in this CEU education training course or for any violation or injury caused by this CEU education training course material. I will call or contact TLC if I need help or assistance and double-check to ensure my registration page and assignment has been received and graded.
1. We will require all students to fax or e-mail a copy of their driver’s license with the registration form.
2. You will need to pick one of the following four assignments to complete. This selection process is based upon your last name.
3. If your last name begins with an A to G, you will pick assignment number 1, if your last name begins with the letter H to P, you are to complete assignment number 2 and if your last name begins with the letter Q-R, you will pick assignment number 3, and if your last name begins with the letter S-Z, you will pick assignment number 3, you will pick assignment number 4, and if your last name begins with the letter S-Z, you will pick assignment number 4.
Assignment #1 for all pest applicators whose last name begins with A-G you will find your assignment on pages 11-20.
Assignment #2 for all pest applicators whose last name starting with the letter H-P, your assignment is found on pages 21-30.
Assignment #3 for all pest applicators whose last name starting with the letter Q-R, your assignment is found on pages 31-40.
Assignment #4 for all pest applicators whose last name starting with the letter S-Z, your assignment is found on pages 41-50.
Alternative Assignment #5 for repeat students - Pages 51-58
These exams are frequently rotated.
Complete all topics before submitting the answers key.
Rush Grading Service
If you need this assignment graded and the results mailed to you within a 48-hour period, prepare to pay an additional rush service handling fee of $50.00. This fee may not cover postage costs. If you need this service, simply write RUSH on the top of your Registration Form. We will place you in the front of the grading and processing line.
Aerial Application CEU Training Assignment #1
Last Names A-G
You will have 90 days from the start of this course to have successfully passed this assignment with a score of 70 %. You may e mail the answers to TLC, info@ or fax the answers to TLC, (928) 272-0747. This assignment is available to you in a Word Format on TLC’s Website. You can find online assistance for this course on the in the Search function on Adobe Acrobat PDF to help find the answers. Once you have paid the course fee, you will be provided complete course support from Student Services (928) 468-0665.
Write your answers on the Answer Key found in the front of this assignment.
1. We will require all students to fax or e-mail a copy of their driver’s license with the registration form.
2. You will need to pick one of the following four assignments to complete. This selection process is based upon your last name.
3. If your last name begins with an A to G, you will pick assignment number 1, if your last name begins with the letter H to P, you are to complete assignment number 2 and if your last name begins with the letter Q-R, you will pick assignment number 3, and if your last name begins with the letter S-Z, you will pick assignment number 3, you will pick assignment number 4, and if your last name begins with the letter S-Z, you will pick assignment number 4.
There are no intention trick questions. All questions require the specific answer as found in the text.
Topic 1 Aerial Application Introduction
1. Which of the following in dense crop canopies can also be more difficult to achieve with aircraft?
A. Accurate deposition C. Spray pressure
B. Respiratory protection D. None of the Above
Ultra-Low Volume (ULV)
2. The term Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) (spraying) is used in the context of __________________.
A. Accurate spray timing C. Pesticide application
B. Maneuverability D. None of the Above
Field Application
3. Adequate pre-preparation will make sure that the actual __________is carried out under the safest conditions and accurate spray timing will help ensure that the product is used to optimum effect.
A. Spraying C. Respiratory protection
B. Positive metering D. None of the Above
4. Enclosed cabs that provide respiratory protection must have a properly functioning ________________ that is used and maintained according to the manufacturer’s written operating instructions.
A. Positive metering system(s) C. Ventilation system
B. Type of respirator D. None of the Above
Advantages of Rotary Wing Aircraft
5. Rotary wing aircraft offers the advantages of extreme maneuverability and ________________variation, and may be operated in almost any local area.
A. Application C. Spray pressure
B. Speed D. None of the Above
Sprayer Field Settings
6. During a flight, spray pressure, output and aircraft height above the crop can be adjusted if necessary however, as the pilot has to concentrate on flying the aircraft he may only occasionally check the __________________.
A. Application C. Venturi spreader(s)
B. Spraying system D. None of the Above
Chemical Handling
7. To help keep sprayer-applicator, worker or handler exposure to a minimum, wherever possible preference must be given to using pesticide packs handled via ______________.
A. Secure section C. Closed transfer systems
B. Agitator(s) D. None of the Above
Dry-Material Spreaders
8. Which of the following and rotary-slinger spreaders are used to distribute dry formulations of herbicides, fertilizers, and seed?
A. Positive metering system(s) C. Venturi-type
B. Agitator(s) D. None of the Above
Swath Pattern Application
9. Which of the following can be adjusted to control the, and the pattern should be tested for even distribution of materials upon initial spreader installation?
A. Agitator(s) C. Venturi-type and rotary-slinger spreader(s)
B. Vanes in the spreader(s) D. None of the Above
10. Which of the following are valuable for metering pelleted herbicides or hard slick grass seed in fixed-wing aircraft?
A. Agitator(s) C. Venturi-type and rotary-slinger spreader(s)
B. Positive metering systems D. None of the Above
Topic 2 - Understanding Hydraulics and Sprayer Principles
1. Hydrodynamics, the study of liquids in motion, is concerned with such matters as friction and turbulence generated in pipes by flowing liquids, the flow of water over weirs and through________, and the use of hydraulic pressure in machinery.
A. Nozzle(s) C. Relative pressures
B. Hydraulic lines D. None of the Above
2. Which of the following are almost incompressible?
A. Liquid(s) C. Air
B. Hydraulic pressure(s) D. None of the Above
Meteorology
3. The atmospheric pressure is of great importance in meteorology, since it determines the winds, which generally move at right angles to the direction of the most rapid change of pressure, that is, along the isobars, which are contours of_____________.
A. Inconstant pressures C. Relative pressures of the liquid(s)
B. Constant pressure D. None of the Above
4. Velocity of flow is an important consideration in sizing the ______________.
A. Spray nozzle(s) C. Relative pressures of the liquid(s)
B. Hydraulic line(s) D. None of the Above
Bernoulli's Principle
5. Bernoulli's principle thus says that a rise (fall) in pressure in a __________must always be accompanied by a decrease (increase) in the speed, and conversely, if an increase (decrease) in, the speed of the fluid results in a decrease (increase) in the pressure.
A. Liquids C. Flowing fluid
B. Velocity of pressure D. None of the Above
Boom Sprayers
6. The most common example of boom sprayer would be wide horizontal booms used on field sprayers to spray field crops.
A. True B. False
7. The full advantages of aerial application are more likely to be realized when its use is preplanned. Development of a planned aerial application program will require good cooperation between pilot and grower.
A. True B. False
More on Ultra Low Volume
8. Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) equipment ranges in capacity from a few ounces to ____________ gallon per acre.
A. ½ C. 1/3
B. .75 D. None of the Above
Understanding Spray Nozzles
9. The nozzle type and pressure should be selected for the ______________and the atomization required for the job.
A. Ground temperature C. Material being used
B. Application rate(s) D. None of the Above
Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) Formulations and Temperature
10. When using liquid ultra- low volume (ULV) formulations, special consideration must be given to monitoring the air and ground temperature difference. This is one of the critical indicators of the time to quit treating for the day. The best weather for spraying treatment is usually from dawn until mid-morning.
A. True B. False
Topic 3 - Understanding Pumps and Aerial Sprayers
Spray Nozzle Categorization
Application
1. Droplet micron size is determined by the specific nozzle used first and foremost. In general, the larger the orifice tube, the larger the micron size of the droplet produced. The second factor in determining droplet size is the__________________.
A. Droplet produced C. Surface tension of a liquid
B. Aircraft speed D. None of the Above
Distance between Nozzle and Target (Boom Height)
2. Less distance between the droplet release point and the _____________will reduce spray drift. Less distance means less time to travel from nozzle to target and therefore less drift occurs.
A. Target C. Droplet release point
B. Sprayer calibration D. None of the Above
Drain Valve(s)
3. The drain valve(s) must be located at the lowest point(s) in the system to allow for complete draining of the spray system at the____________.
A. Refilling of chemical C. Start of the program
B. End of the program D. None of the Above
Emergency Shut-off Valve
4. The emergency shutoff valve should be located between the hopper and nozzles. The valve should be as close to the nozzles as possible to prevent the loss of pesticide and damage to the environment in the event of a minor spray system leak.
A. True B. False
Electrostatic Sprayers
5. Electrostatic sprayers which apply ___________to the material being sprayed reduce spraying time and improve insect and disease control per unit of chemical applied.
A. Downward force C. An electrical charge
B. Tap water or base oil D. None of the Above
6. Higher amounts of sprays from air-assisted electrostatic units were also found deeper in the crop canopy compared to the amounts delivered by uncharged hydraulic sprayers. These sprayers also deposit more _______________on any fruit present in the canopy, however.
A. Tension C. Droplets per release point
B. Spray D. None of the Above
Specific Gravity
7. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of liquid to the mass of the same volume of water. In spraying, the main effect of the specific gravity Sg of a liquid other than water is on the capacity of the spray nozzle. All vendor-supplied performance data for nozzles are based on spraying water.
A. True B. False
Surface Tension
8. The surface tension of a liquid tends to assume the_______________, acting as a membrane under tension.
A. Pressure C. Smallest possible size
B. Highest droplet size D. None of the Above
9. Surface tension is more apparent at high operating pressures. A lower surface tension reduces the spray angle, particularly on hollow cone nozzles.
A. True B. False
Liquid Application and Calculations
10. You should conduct sprayer calibration using hydraulic fluid.
A. True B. False
Topic 4 - Aerial Application Assignment and Control Information Section
Aircraft Facilities
Airports and Airstrips
1. Hard-surfaced runways are desirable when large multi-engine aircraft are used. The contractor/pilot must complete all arrangements necessary to use any airport.
A. True B. False
Minimum Airstrip Sizes
2. The airstrip lengths shown below are for runways with clear approaches and average sod conditions at an elevation of approximately ______________ feet above sea level. At higher elevations or when fields are soft, longer airstrips will be required. Hard-surfaced runways at lower elevations may be somewhat shorter.
A. 1,000 C. 4,000
B. 2,500 D. None of the Above
Notify Beekeepers
3. Many of the pesticides used in aerial treatments are highly toxic to bees. Notify beekeepers about the meetings. Program operational guidelines, environmental impact statements, _______________, State laws, and/or pesticide labels may also require that beekeepers in the area be notified of control programs.
A. Environmental protection C. Accurate spraying
B. Environmental assessments (EA) D. None of the Above
Spray Block, Sensitive Area, and Buffer Zone Verification
4. After taking a ______________flight with each pilot and confirming that everything (buffer zones, spray blocks, and sensitive areas) is recorded on a master program map, then jointly sign and date the map.
A. Spraying reconnaissance C. Pretreatment reconnaissance
B. Test reconnaissance D. None of the Above
Spray Deposition Monitoring
Dyecard Samplers
5. Use dyecards to monitor ___________________.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Liquid formulation spray deposition
B. Pesticide absorption D. None of the Above
6. Dyecards are made of water- or oil-sensitive paper and are used to provide valuable information on swath width, spray droplet deposition pattern, and droplet size; and to identify leaks in the spray system.
A. True B. False
Spray Boom Calibration
7. Use chart for distance to drive in the field. Use nozzle spacing for booms. For directed and band rigs use the _______________.
A. Column spacing C. Nozzle or nozzle group output
B. Row spacing D. None of the Above
8. Set throttle for _____________and operate all equipment. Note seconds required to drive measured distance.
A. Spraying C. Accurate output
B. Extreme maneuverability D. None of the Above
9. On directed rigs, catch spray from all nozzles per row for noted time. ______________output in ounces = gallons/acre actually applied.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group C. Liquid formulation
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
10. Replace any nozzles whose output is greater than _____________ % of the average of all nozzles.
A. 25 C. 10
B. 40 D. None of the Above
Topic 5 - Pesticide Drift Control and Training Requirements
The EPA defines spray or dust drift as:
1. "the physical movement of pesticide droplets or particles through the air at the time of pesticide application or soon thereafter from the target site to any non- or off-target site.
A. True B. False
Pesticide Residues
2. Fresh water reservoirs, stream bed sediments, and harvested food would be examples of places that would be tested for pesticide residues.
A. True B. False
Understanding the Dangers of Drift
3. Droplet size depends primarily upon the spray pressure, nozzle design and orientation, and the_____________. The size of granular materials depends upon the particular formulation and can be controlled to some extent by screening. In the case of sprays, droplet size is generally increased by reducing pressures or increasing nozzle size.
A. Granular material(s) C. Surface tension of the spray solution
B. Pesticide droplets or particles D. None of the Above
Vapor Drift (Volatilization)
4. Which of the following is not movement of material caused by wind. In fact, calm or no wind may lead to inversions that could result in vapor drift?
A. Accurate deposition C. Most appropriate spraying equipment
B. Vapor drift D. None of the Above
Chemical Control in an IPM Program
5. Regular field scouting, coupled with forecasting pest problems and determining economic thresholds, is used to ensure that pesticides are only applied when pest populations warrant chemical control.
A. True B. False
Bowen's Disease
6. Crop dusting involving Organochlorine powders has been implicated in Bowen's disease. Organochlorine has not been used by aerial applicators or in any other form of agriculture for three decades because of the adverse effects to human health that were not as well known when the powder was legal.
A. True B. False
Environmental Effects
Effects on Non-target Species
7. A number of the ____________ have been banned from most uses worldwide, and globally they are controlled via the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. These include: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, mirex and toxaphene.
A. Granular material(s) C. Organochlorine pesticide(s)
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
Meteorological Considerations
8. Vortices created by the aircraft passage will also influence__________________.
A. Accurate deposition C. Ambient conditions
B. Spray distribution efficiency D. None of the Above
Sprayer Field Settings
9. During a flight, ______________, output and aircraft height above the crop can be adjusted if necessary however, as the pilot has to concentrate on flying the aircraft he may only occasionally check the spraying system.
A. Granular material(s) C. Ultra-high volume application of pesticide(s)
B. Spray pressure D. None of the Above
Equipment Storage
10. Refer to the relevant applicator, _____________instruction manuals for both the spray equipment and the aircraft. Aircraft mounted spray equipment is often removed after spraying to release the aircraft for other duties.
A. Handler(s) C. Early-entry workers
B. Worker or handler’s D. None of the Above
Topic 6 - Complications/ Limitations / Risk
Specific Restrictions
1. Specific restrictions may include prohibiting the use of certain pesticides under certain conditions, prohibiting certain methods of application, requiring use of a foliage barrier, or requiring a buffer zone distance between the site of ________________to be protected.
A. Application and areas C. Row spacing
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
2. The OPP has completed its review of these studies and reached conclusions about the factors that influence drift and the amounts of sprays which can drift from the_________________.
A. Spray drift C. Application site
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
Droplet Drift
3. The distance of droplet drift depends upon the size of the droplets, the velocity of the wind and the height above the ground where the herbicide is discharged. In general, larger orifices and lower pressures result in __________________.
A. Droplet drift C. Lower pressures
B. Larger droplets D. None of the Above
Vapor Drift
4. Volatile herbicides may produce ______________that can be carried great distances from the target area to other crop sites.
A. The size of the droplet(s) C. Vapors
B. Mists D. None of the Above
Phenoxy Herbicides
5. Which of the following includes 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 2,4-DB, 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) and MCPA? These herbicides are most commonly used for the control of broad-leaved weeds in crops and for the control of undesirable woody species.
A. The phenoxy group C. Esters
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
6. Which of the following in general are formulated in two ways, as esters or amines?
A. Phenoxy herbicides C. Esters
B. Esters or amines D. None of the Above
7. Which of the following are more effective in controlling hard-to-kill weeds but are the most hazardous in terms of volatility and consequent drift to sensitive crops?
A. Esters C. Amines
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
Other Components
8. Flow control devices are necessary to make the tank, pump and nozzles work together. Depending on the application system, these devices may include pressure regulators, unloader valves and control valves. Because both the ___________and flow rate are determined by operating pressure, each sprayer should be equipped with a pressure gauge.
A. Spray pattern C. Flow control devices
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
9. Strainers are also required for effective treatments. Strainers trap particles and debris in the spray mixture and protect the pump, ______________and nozzles from damage.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Strainers
B. Control devices D. None of the Above
Dispersal Summary
10. All nozzles produce a range of________________. The small, drift-prone particles cannot be eliminated but can be reduced and kept within reasonable limits.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Liquid formulation spray deposition
B. Droplet sizes D. None of the Above
Topic 7 - Aerial and Agricultural Pesticides
Fenthion
1. Fenthion is an organothiophosphate insecticide, avicide, and acaricide. Like most other organophosphates, its mode of action is via_______________.
A. Benzamide inhibition C. Cholinesterase inhibition
B. Pyrethroid inhibition D. None of the Above
2. Fenthion is a contact and stomach __________used against many sucking, biting pests.
A. Insecticide C. Restricted pesticide
B. Insect growth regulator D. None of the Above
3. _______________is a pesticide that is widely used in agriculture, residential landscaping, public recreation areas, and in public health pest control programs such as mosquito eradication. In the US, it is the most commonly used organophosphate insecticide.
A. Benzamide C. Malathion
B. Pyrethroid D. None of the Above
4. _______________are a "natural" environmental product that is of low toxicity to mammals. They are highly photolabile and degrade quickly in sunlight, and the cost of reapplying them has limited their widespread agricultural use.
A. Pyrethroid(s) C. Organophosphate(s)
B. Pyrethrin(s) D. None of the Above
Adsorption Process
5. The adsorption process binds __________to soil particles, similar to iron filings or paper clips sticking to a magnet.
A. Pesticide(s) C. Organophosphate(s)
B. Insect growth regulator(s) D. None of the Above
Adsorption
6. Adsorption is the binding of the pesticide to the mineral components of the soil or organic matter, which is abundant in turf. In turf, organic matter includes, in many circumstances, a thatch layer. In ___________there is not a thatch layer like we have in a turf system. This layer makes the turf system quite unique with regard to the buffering capacity of the system to those materials introduced into it.
A. Volatilization C. Other pesticide application circumstances
B. Photodegradation D. None of the Above
Pesticide Transfer
7. Too much _______________, however, can move a pesticide away from the target pest. This can lead to reduced pest control, contamination of surface water and groundwater, and injury of non-target species, including humans.
A. Volatilization C. Environmental factors
B. Movement D. None of the Above
Thermophilic Temperatures
8. Volatilization of a pesticide is highly temperature dependent; thermophilic temperatures typically increase______________.
A. Accurate deposition C. Pesticide losses
B. Pesticide labeling D. None of the Above
Photodegradation
9. Photodegradation is the breakdown of pesticides by light, particularly sunlight. __________________can destroy pesticides on foliage, on the surface of the soil, and even in the air.
A. Volatilization C. Environmental factors
B. Photodegradation D. None of the Above
10. All containers should be secured against movement that could result in breaking or spilling. Never transport pesticides in a vehicle that also carries food or feed products.
A. True B. False
Aerial Application CEU Training Assignment #2
Last Names H-P
You will have 90 days from the start of this course to have successfully passed this assignment with a score of 70 %. You may e mail the answers to TLC, info@ or fax the answers to TLC, (928) 272-0747. This assignment is available to you in a Word Format on TLC’s Website. You can find online assistance for this course on the in the Search function on Adobe Acrobat PDF to help find the answers. Once you have paid the course fee, you will be provided complete course support from Student Services (928) 468-0665.
Write your answers on the Answer Key found in the front of this assignment.
1. We will require all students to fax or e-mail a copy of their driver’s license with the registration form.
2. You will need to pick one of the following four assignments to complete. This selection process is based upon your last name.
3. If your last name begins with an A to G, you will pick assignment number 1, if your last name begins with the letter H to P, you are to complete assignment number 2 and if your last name begins with the letter Q-R, you will pick assignment number 3, and if your last name begins with the letter S-Z, you will pick assignment number 3, you will pick assignment number 4, and if your last name begins with the letter S-Z, you will pick assignment number 4.
There are no intention trick questions. All questions require the specific answer as found in the text.
Topic 1 Aerial Application Introduction
Field Application
1. Employers and applicator, worker or handlers must make sure that some safety equipment, clothing and aircraft loading equipment are in a good state of repair.
A. True B. False
Enclosed Cabs
2. Enclosed cabs must have a nonporous barrier that totally surrounds the occupants and prevents contact with _____________ outside of the cab.
A. Pesticide(s) C. Deposition
B. Atmosphere D. None of the Above
Advantages of Rotary Wing Aircraft
3. Rotary wing aircraft offers the advantages of extreme maneuverability and ________________variation, and may be operated in almost any local area.
A. Application C. Spray pressure
B. Speed D. None of the Above
4. ___________is relatively easy to achieve with most ground-based directed spraying, but spray application with fixed and rotary wing aircraft presents more complex problems.
A. Acceptable spray distribution C. Accurate spray timing
B. Extreme maneuverability D. None of the Above
Sprayer Field Settings
5. During a flight, spray pressure, output and aircraft height above the crop can be adjusted if necessary however, as the pilot has to concentrate on flying the aircraft he may only occasionally check the __________________.
A. Application C. Venturi spreader(s)
B. Spraying system D. None of the Above
Chemical Handling
6. To help keep sprayer-applicator, worker or handler exposure to a minimum, wherever possible preference must be given to using pesticide packs handled via ______________.
A. Secure section C. Venturi spreader(s)
B. Closed transfer systems D. None of the Above
Dry-Material Spreaders
7. __________________ and rotary-slinger spreaders are used to distribute dry formulations of herbicides, fertilizers, and seed.
A. Positive metering system(s) C. Venturi-type
B. Vanes in the spreader(s) D. None of the Above
Swath Pattern Application
8. _______________ can be adjusted to control the, and the pattern should be tested for even distribution of materials upon initial spreader installation.
A. Positive metering system(s) C. Venturi-type and rotary-slinger spreader(s)
B. Vanes in the spreader(s) D. None of the Above
9. Agitators are available to assist the __________from the hopper.
A. Spraying system C. Spray pressure
B. Flow of material D. None of the Above
10. Rice seed can be especially difficult to meter and applicator, worker or handler “know-how” is valuable.
A. True B. False
Topic 2 - Understanding Hydraulics and Sprayer Principles
1. Hydrodynamics, the study of liquids in motion, is concerned with such matters as friction and turbulence generated in pipes by flowing liquids, the flow of water over weirs and through________, and the use of hydraulic pressure in machinery.
A. Nozzle(s) C. Relative pressures of the liquid(s)
B. Hydraulic line(s) D. None of the Above
2. ____________are almost incompressible.
A. Liquid(s) C. Pressure(s)
B. Velocity(s) D. None of the Above
Meteorology
3. The atmospheric pressure is of great importance in meteorology, since it determines the winds, which generally move at right angles to the direction of the most rapid change of pressure, that is, along the isobars, which are contours of_____________.
A. Relative pressures of the liquid(s) C. Height of liquid column(s)
B. Constant pressure D. None of the Above
4. Velocity of flow is an important consideration in sizing the ______________.
A. Spray nozzle(s) C. Relative pressures of the liquid(s)
B. Hydraulic line(s) D. None of the Above
Bernoulli's Principle
5. Bernoulli's principle thus says that a rise (fall) in pressure in a __________must always be accompanied by a decrease (increase) in the speed, and conversely, if an increase (decrease) in, the speed of the fluid results in a decrease (increase) in the pressure.
A. Liquid C. Flowing fluid
B. Velocity D. None of the Above
Boom Sprayers
6. Most sprayers distribute pesticides using a boom with spray nozzles spaced at regular intervals. The most common example would be wide horizontal booms used on field sprayers to spray field crops.
A. True B. False
7. Development of a planned aerial application program will does not require good cooperation between pilot and grower.
A. True B. False
More on Ultra Low Volume
8. _____________and atomizing attachments such as Micronair, Mini-spin and Airfoil are frequently used to aid in droplet break-up.
A. Guessing C. Electrochromic
B. Special metering D. None of the Above
Understanding Spray Nozzles
9. Machines should be calibrated often to compensate for wear. The ________________ (gallons per acre) will be set by the chemical being applied and the crop being treated as listed on the manufacturer's label.
A. Formulation C. Material being used
B. Application rate(s) D. None of the Above
Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) Formulations and Temperature
10. When using dry-granular formulations, special consideration must be given to monitoring the air and ground temperature difference.
A. True B. False
Topic 3 - Understanding Pumps and Aerial Sprayers
Spray Nozzle Categorization
Application
1. Droplet micron size is determined by the specific nozzle used first and foremost. In general, the larger the orifice tube, the larger the micron size of the droplet produced. The second factor in determining droplet size is the__________________.
A. Droplet produced C. Higher amounts of spray
B. Aircraft speed D. None of the Above
Distance between Nozzle and Target (Boom Height)
2. Less distance between the droplet release point and the _____________will reduce spray drift. Less distance means less time to travel from nozzle to target and therefore less drift occurs.
A. Height C. Target
B. Droplet release point D. None of the Above
Drain Valve(s)
3. The drain valve(s) must be located at the lowest point(s) in the system to allow for complete draining of the spray system at the____________.
A. Refilling of chemical C. Start of the program
B. End of the program D. None of the Above
Emergency Shut-off Valve
4. The emergency shutoff valve should be located between the hopper and pump. The valve should be as close to the hopper as possible to prevent the loss of pesticide and damage to the environment in the event of a major spray system leak.
A. True B. False
Electrostatic Sprayers
5. Electrostatic sprayers which apply ___________to the material being sprayed reduce spraying time and improve insect and disease control per unit of chemical applied.
A. Mist C. An electrical charge
B. Tap water or base oil D. None of the Above
6. Higher amounts of sprays from air-assisted electrostatic units were also found deeper in the crop canopy compared to the amounts delivered by uncharged hydraulic sprayers. These sprayers also deposit more _______________on any fruit present in the canopy, however.
A. Tension C. Spray
B. Drift D. None of the Above
Specific Gravity
7. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of liquid to the mass of the same volume of water. In spraying, the main effect of the droplet produced of a liquid other than water is on the capacity of the spray nozzle.
A. True B. False
Surface Tension
8. The surface tension of a liquid tends to assume the_______________, acting as a membrane under tension.
A. Droplet position C. Smallest possible size
B. Higher amounts of spray D. None of the Above
9. Surface tension is more apparent at high operating pressures.
A. True B. False
Liquid Application and Calculations
10. After you have properly calibrated your equipment, it is ready to use. The next step is to read the label and find the site and pest which you are treating.
A. True B. False
Topic 4 - Aerial Application Assignment and Control Information Section
Aircraft Facilities
Airports and Airstrips
1. The contractor/pilot is not required for any arrangements necessary to use any airport.
A. True B. False
Minimum Airstrip Sizes
2. The airstrip lengths shown below are for runways with clear approaches and average sod conditions at an elevation of approximately ______________ feet above sea level. At higher elevations or when fields are soft, longer airstrips will be required. Hard-surfaced runways at lower elevations may be somewhat shorter.
A. 1,000 C. 4,000
B. 2,500 D. None of the Above
Notify Beekeepers
3. Many of the pesticides used in aerial treatments are highly toxic to bees. Notify beekeepers about the meetings. Program operational guidelines, environmental impact statements, _______________, State laws, and/or pesticide labels may also require that beekeepers in the area be notified of control programs.
A. Environmental application C. Environmental issues
B. Environmental assessments (EA) D. None of the Above
Spray Block, Sensitive Area, and Buffer Zone Verification
4. After taking a ______________flight with each pilot and confirming that everything (buffer zones, spray blocks, and sensitive areas) is recorded on a master program map, then jointly sign and date the map.
A. Pretreatment reconnaissance C. Spraying reconnaissance
B. Test reconnaissance D. None of the Above
Spray Deposition Monitoring
Dyecard Samplers
5. Use dyecards to monitor ___________________.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Liquid formulation spray deposition
B. Row spacing D. None of the Above
6. Dyecards are made of clay and are used to provide some information on swath width, spray droplet deposition pattern, and droplet size; and to identify leaks in the spray system.
A. True B. False
Spray Boom Calibration
7. Use chart for distance to drive in the field. Use nozzle spacing for booms. For directed and band rigs use the __________________.
A. Column spacing C. Nozzle or nozzle group output
B. Row spacing D. None of the Above
8. Set throttle for _____________and operate all equipment. Note seconds required to drive measured distance.
A. Spraying C. Accurate spray timing
B. Extreme maneuverability D. None of the Above
9. On directed rigs, catch spray from all nozzles per row for noted time. ______________output in ounces = gallons/acre actually applied.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group C. Liquid formulation
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
10. Replace any nozzles whose output is greater than _____________ % of the average of all nozzles.
A. 25 C. 10
B. 40 D. None of the Above
Topic 5 - Pesticide Drift Control and Training Requirements
1. Spray drift shall include movement of pesticides to target sites not caused by erosion, migration, volatility, or windblown soil particles that occurs after application or application of fumigants unless specifically addressed on the product label with respect to drift control requirements."
A. True B. False
Pesticide Residues
2. Fresh water reservoirs, stream bed sediments, and harvested food would not be good examples of places that should be tested for pesticide residues.
A. True B. False
Understanding the Dangers of Drift
3. The size of ___________________ depends upon the particular formulation and can be controlled to some extent by screening. In the case of sprays, droplet size is generally increased by reducing pressures or increasing nozzle size.
A. Granular material(s) C. Surface tension of the spray solution
B. Pesticide droplets or particles D. None of the Above
Vapor Drift (Volatilization)
4. Which of the following can be avoided by simply refraining from the use of ester-containing formulations of 2,4-D?
A. Accurate deposition C. Chemical control
B. Vapor drift D. None of the Above
Chemical Control in an IPM Program
5. Regular field scouting, coupled with forecasting pest problems and determining economic thresholds, is used to ensure that ____________ are only applied when pest populations warrant chemical control.
A. Granular material(s) C. Pesticides
B. Chemical control D. None of the Above
Bowen's Disease
6. Crop dusting involving Organochlorine pesticides has been implicated in Bowen's disease. However, lead arsenic has not been used by aerial applicators or in any other form of agriculture for three decades because of the adverse effects to human health that were not as well known when the powder was legal.
A. True B. False
Environmental Effects
Effects on Non-target Species
7. A number of the ____________ have been banned from most uses worldwide, and globally they are controlled via the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. These include: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, mirex and toxaphene.
A. Granular material(s) C. Organochlorine pesticide(s)
B. Chemical control(s) D. None of the Above
Meteorological Considerations
8. The distance a spray droplet travels depends on the droplet size and downward velocity, the release height and the ________________________.
A. Accurate deposition C. Ambient conditions
B. Spray distribution efficiency D. None of the Above
Sprayer Field Settings
9. During a flight, ______________, output and aircraft height above the crop can be adjusted if necessary however, as the pilot has to concentrate on flying the aircraft he may only occasionally check the spraying system.
A. Pesticide droplets or particles C. Spray pressure
B. Chemical control D. None of the Above
Equipment Storage
10. Refer to the relevant applicator, _____________instruction manuals for both the spray equipment and the aircraft.
A. Agricultural employer(s) C. Worker or handler’s
B. Employee(s) D. None of the Above
Topic 6 - Complications/ Limitations / Risk
Specific Restrictions
1. Specific restrictions may include prohibiting the use of certain pesticides under certain conditions, prohibiting certain methods of application, requiring use of a foliage barrier, or requiring a buffer zone distance between the site of ________________to be protected.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Application and areas
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
2. During the past few years, the OPP has received and reviewed new studies on ________________that it required from pesticide registrants to support their product registrations.
A. Spray drift C. Application site
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
Droplet Drift
3. The distance of droplet drift depends upon the size of the droplets, the velocity of the wind and the height above the ground where the herbicide is discharged. In general, larger orifices and lower pressures result in ___________________.
A. Droplet drift C. Lower pressures
B. Larger droplets D. None of the Above
Vapor Drift
4. Volatile herbicides may produce ______________that can be carried great distances from the target area to other crop sites.
A. The size of the droplet(s) C. Vapors
B. Mists D. None of the Above
Phenoxy Herbicides
5. The phenoxy group of herbicides has been most often involved in crop injury by off-target drift. ________________ includes 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 2,4-DB, 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) and MCPA. These herbicides are most commonly used for the control of broad-leaved weeds in crops and for the control of undesirable woody species.
A. The phenoxy group C. Esters
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
6. _______________ in general are formulated in two ways, as esters or amines.
A. Phenoxy herbicides C. Esters
B. Amines D. None of the Above
7. _____________ are more effective in controlling hard-to-kill weeds but are the most hazardous in terms of volatility and consequent drift to sensitive crops.
A. Esters C. Amines
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
Other Components
8. Which of the following are necessary to make the tank, pump and nozzles work together.
A. Spray pattern C. Flow control devices
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
9. _______________ trap particles and debris in the spray mixture and protect the pump, control devices and nozzles from damage.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Strainers
B. Control valves D. None of the Above
Dispersal Summary
10. All nozzles produce a range of________________. The small, drift-prone particles cannot be eliminated but can be reduced and kept within reasonable limits.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Liquid formulation spray deposition
B. Droplet sizes D. None of the Above
Topic 7 - Aerial and Agricultural Pesticides
Fenthion
1. Fenthion is a contact and stomach __________used against many sucking, biting pests.
A. Insecticide C. Restricted pesticide
B. Insect growth regulator D. None of the Above
Malathion
2. Malathion is an insecticide of relatively low human toxicity; however recent studies have shown that children with higher levels of Malathion in their urine seem to be at an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
A. True B. False
3. ____________ have been synthesized to be similar to pyrethrins yet more stable in the environment. Evidence suggests that they have a very large margin of safety when used as directed by the label.
A. Pyrethroid(s) C. Organophosphate(s)
B. Pyrethrin(s) D. None of the Above
Adsorption Process
4. The adsorption process binds __________to soil particles, similar to iron filings or paper clips sticking to a magnet.
A. Pesticide(s) C. Organophosphate(s)
B. Insect growth regulator(s) D. None of the Above
Pesticide Transfer
5. ________________ is sometimes essential for pest control. For example, for certain pre-emergence herbicides to be effective, they must move within the soil to reach the germinating seeds.
A. Volatilization C. Pesticide transfer
B. Photodegradation D. None of the Above
Pesticide Transfer
6. Too much _______________, however, can move a pesticide away from the target pest. This can lead to reduced pest control, contamination of surface water and groundwater, and injury of non-target species, including humans.
A. Volatilization C. Environmental factors
B. Movement D. None of the Above
Volatilization
7. Once volatilized, a pesticide may diffuse into the atmosphere and either be destroyed or continue as an environmental risk. When mixing disturbs a soil contaminated by a pesticide or other organic compound, a ____________ percent or greater loss of the soil contaminant through volatilization is not unusual.
A. 50 C. 30
B. 10 D. None of the Above
Thermophilic Temperatures
8. .______________, the movement of pesticide vapors or gases in the atmosphere, can lead to injury of nontarget species. Herbicide vapors in particular can injure nontarget plants.
A. Volatilization C. Vapor drift
B. Pesticide chemical application(s) D. None of the Above
Photodegradation
9. Photodegradation is the breakdown of pesticides by light, particularly sunlight. __________________can destroy pesticides on foliage, on the surface of the soil, and even in the air.
A. Volatilization C. Photodegradation
B. Vapor drift D. None of the Above
Proper Pesticide Handling
10. Care must be exercised in cleaning equipment, clothing, and persons working with __________________. Additionally, special precautions are necessary if pesticides are spilled or catch fire. Certain materials associated with vector control operations, including some pesticides, are considered by EPA and DPR to represent hazardous wastes.
A. Restricted pesticide(s) C. Pesticide chemical application(s)
B. Pesticides D. None of the Above
Aerial Application CEU Training Assignment #3
Last Names Q-R
You will have 90 days from the start of this course to have successfully passed this assignment with a score of 70 %. You may e mail the answers to TLC, info@ or fax the answers to TLC, (928) 272-0747. This assignment is available to you in a Word Format on TLC’s Website. You can find online assistance for this course on the in the Search function on Adobe Acrobat PDF to help find the answers. Once you have paid the course fee, you will be provided complete course support from Student Services (928) 468-0665.
Write your answers on the Answer Key found in the front of this assignment.
1. We will require all students to fax or e-mail a copy of their driver’s license with the registration form.
2. You will need to pick one of the following four assignments to complete. This selection process is based upon your last name.
3. If your last name begins with an A to G, you will pick assignment number 1, if your last name begins with the letter H to P, you are to complete assignment number 2 and if your last name begins with the letter Q-R, you will pick assignment number 3, and if your last name begins with the letter S-Z, you will pick assignment number 3, you will pick assignment number 4, and if your last name begins with the letter S-Z, you will pick assignment number 4.
There are no intention trick questions. All questions require the specific answer as found in the text.
Topic 1-Aerial Application
1. ___________________in dense crop canopies can also be more difficult to achieve with aircraft.
A. Accurate deposition C. Spray pressure
B. Easy maneuverability D. None of the Above
Ultra-Low Volume (ULV)
2. The term Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) (spraying) is used in the context of ________________.
A. Pesticide application C. Accurate spray timing
B. Maneuverability D. None of the Above
Field Application
3. Employers and applicator, worker or handlers must make sure that all safety equipment, clothing and aircraft loading equipment are clean and in a good state of repair.
A. True B. False
4. Enclosed cabs that provide respiratory protection must have a properly functioning ________________ that is used and maintained according to the manufacturer’s written operating instructions.
A. Vanes in the spreader(s) C. Ventilation system
B. Escape hatch D. None of the Above
Advantages of Rotary Wing Aircraft
5. Rotary wing aircraft offers the advantages of extreme maneuverability and ________________variation, and may be operated in almost any local area.
A. Application C. Spray pressure
B. Speed D. None of the Above
Sprayer Field Settings
6. During a flight, spray pressure, output and aircraft height above the crop can be adjusted if necessary however, as the pilot has to concentrate on flying the aircraft he may only occasionally check the __________________.
A. Application C. Venturi spreader(s)
B. Spraying system D. None of the Above
Chemical Handling
7. To help keep sprayer-applicator, worker or handler exposure to a minimum, wherever possible preference must be given to using pesticide packs handled via ______________.
A. Open system C. Closed transfer systems
B. Agitator(s) D. None of the Above
Dry-Material Spreaders
8. __________________ and rotary-slinger spreaders are used to distribute dry formulations of herbicides, fertilizers, and seed.
A. Positive metering C. Venturi-type
B. Saddles D. None of the Above
Swath Pattern Application
9. _______________ can be adjusted to control the, and the pattern should be tested for even distribution of materials upon initial spreader installation.
A. Positive metering system(s) C. Venturi-type and rotary-slinger spreader(s)
B. Vanes in the spreader(s) D. None of the Above
10. ___________are valuable for metering pelleted herbicides or hard slick grass seed in fixed-wing aircraft.
A. Accurate deposition C. Most appropriate spraying equipment
B. Positive metering systems D. None of the Above
Topic 2 - Understanding Hydraulics and Sprayer Principles
1. Hydrodynamics, the study of liquids in motion, is concerned with such matters as friction and turbulence generated in pipes by flowing liquids, the flow of water over weirs and through________, and the use of hydraulic pressure in machinery.
A. Nozzle(s) C. Relative pressures of the liquid(s)
B. Height of liquid column(s) D. None of the Above
2. ____________are almost incompressible.
A. Liquid(s) C. Pressure(s)
B. Volume(s) D. None of the Above
Meteorology
3. Certain typical weather patterns are associated with relatively high and relatively low pressures, and how they vary with time. The barometric pressure may be given in popular weather forecasts, though few people know what to do with it
A. True B. False
4. Velocity of flow is an important consideration in sizing the ______________.
A. Spray nozzle(s) C. Relative pressures of the liquid(s)
B. Hydraulic line(s) D. None of the Above
Bernoulli's Principle
5. Bernoulli's principle thus says that a rise (fall) in pressure in a __________must always be accompanied by a decrease (increase) in the speed, and conversely, if an increase (decrease) in, the speed of the fluid results in a decrease (increase) in the pressure.
A. Flowing fluid C. Volume of flow
B. Velocity of flow D. None of the Above
Boom Sprayers
6. Most sprayers distribute pesticides using spray nozzles spaced at irregular intervals.
A. True B. False
7. The full advantages of aerial application are more likely to be realized when its use is preplanned.
A. True B. False
More on Ultra Low Volume
8. Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) equipment ranges in capacity from a few ounces to 1/2 gallon per acre. _____________and atomizing attachments such as Micronair, Mini-spin and Airfoil are frequently used to aid in droplet break-up.
A. Guessing C. Electrochromic
B. Special metering D. None of the Above
Understanding Spray Nozzles
9. The nozzle type and pressure should be selected for the ______________and the atomization required for the job.
A. Formulation C. Material being used
B. Application rate(s) D. None of the Above
Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) Formulations and Temperature
10. When using liquid ultra- low volume (ULV) formulations, special consideration must be given to monitoring the air and ground temperature difference. The best weather for spraying treatment is usually mid-afternoon.
A. True B. False
Topic 3 - Understanding Pumps and Aerial Sprayers
Spray Nozzle Categorization
Application
1. Droplet micron size is determined by the specific nozzle used first and foremost. In general, the larger the orifice tube, the larger the micron size of the droplet produced. The second factor in determining droplet size is the__________________.
A. Droplet produced C. Surface tension of a liquid
B. Aircraft speed D. None of the Above
Distance between Nozzle and Target (Boom Height)
2. Less distance between the droplet release point and the _____________will reduce spray drift. Less distance means less time to travel from nozzle to target and therefore less drift occurs.
A. Distance C. Target
B. Height D. None of the Above
Drain Valve(s)
3. Check all low points for drain valves or removable plugs that will allow draining the spray system.
A. True B. False
Emergency Shut-off Valve
4. The emergency shutoff valve is not necessary because of positive shut –off valves.
A. True B. False
Electrostatic Sprayers
5. Electrostatic sprayers which apply ___________to the material being sprayed reduce spraying time and improve insect and disease control per unit of chemical applied.
A. Droplets C. An electrical charge
B. Tap water or base oil D. None of the Above
6. Higher amounts of sprays from air-assisted electrostatic units were also found deeper in the crop canopy compared to the amounts delivered by uncharged hydraulic sprayers. These sprayers also deposit more _______________on any fruit present in the canopy, however.
A. Tension C. Droplet release point
B. Spray D. None of the Above
Specific Gravity
7. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of liquid to the mass of the same volume of water. In spraying, the main effect of the specific gravity Sg of a liquid other than water is on the capacity of the spray nozzle.
A. True B. False
Surface Tension
8. The surface tension of a liquid tends to assume the_______________, acting as a membrane under tension.
A. Droplet size C. Smallest possible size
B. Largest size D. None of the Above
9. A lower surface tension reduces the spray angle, particularly on hollow cone nozzles. A. True B. False
Liquid Application and Calculations
10. You should conduct sprayer calibration using tap water or base oil.
A. True B. False
Topic 4 - Aerial Application Assignment and Control Information Section
Aircraft Facilities
Airports and Airstrips
1. Hard-surfaced runways are desirable when small aircraft are used.
A. True B. False
Minimum Airstrip Sizes
2. The airstrip lengths shown below are for runways with clear approaches and average sod conditions at an elevation of approximately ______________ feet above sea level. At higher elevations or when fields are soft, longer airstrips will be required. Hard-surfaced runways at lower elevations may be somewhat shorter.
A. 1,000 C. 4,000
B. 2,500 D. None of the Above
Notify Beekeepers
3. Many of the pesticides used in aerial treatments are highly toxic to bees. Notify beekeepers about the meetings. Program operational guidelines, environmental impact statements, _______________, State laws, and/or pesticide labels may also require that beekeepers in the area be notified of control programs.
A. Environmental application C. Accurate spraying
B. Environmental assessments (EA) D. None of the Above
Spray Block, Sensitive Area, and Buffer Zone Verification
4. After taking a ______________flight with each pilot and confirming that everything (buffer zones, spray blocks, and sensitive areas) is recorded on a master program map, then jointly sign and date the map.
A. Spraying reconnaissance C. Pretreatment reconnaissance
B. Test reconnaissance D. None of the Above
Spray Deposition Monitoring
Dyecard Samplers
5. Use dyecards to monitor ___________________.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Liquid formulation spray deposition
B. Pesticide absorption D. None of the Above
6. Dyecards are made of water- or oil-sensitive paper and are used to provide valuable information on swath width, spray droplet deposition pattern, and droplet size; and to identify leaks in the spray system.
A. True B. False
Spray Boom Calibration
7. Use chart for distance to drive in the field. Use nozzle spacing for booms. For directed and band rigs use the ______________.
A. Column spacing C. Nozzle or nozzle group output
B. Row spacing D. None of the Above
8. Set throttle for _____________and operate all equipment. Note seconds required to drive measured distance.
A. Volume C. Spray pressure
B. Spraying D. None of the Above
9. On directed rigs, catch spray from all nozzles per row for noted time. ______________output in ounces = gallons/acre actually applied.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group C. Liquid formulation
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
10. Replace any nozzles whose output is greater than _____________ % of the average of all nozzles.
A. 25 C. 10
B. 40 D. None of the Above
Topic 5 - Pesticide Drift Control and Training Requirements
1. Spray drift shall not include movement of pesticides to non- or off-target sites caused by erosion, migration, volatility, or windblown soil particles that occurs after application or application of fumigants unless specifically addressed on the product label with respect to drift control requirements."
A. True B. False
Pesticide Residues
2. Fresh water reservoirs, stream bed sediments, and harvested food would be examples of places that would be tested for pesticide residues.
A. True B. False
Understanding the Dangers of Drift
3. Droplet size depends primarily upon the spray pressure, nozzle design and orientation, and the_____________.
A. Granular material(s) C. Surface tension of the spray solution
B. Pesticide droplets or particles D. None of the Above
Vapor Drift (Volatilization)
4. Hot temperatures, moist soils, and temperature inversions all increase the potential for ___________________.
A. Accurate deposition C. Chemical control
B. Vapor drift D. None of the Above
Chemical Control in an IPM Program
5. Regular field scouting, coupled with forecasting pest problems and determining economic thresholds, is used to ensure that ____________ are only applied when pest populations warrant chemical control.
A. Granular material(s) C. Pesticides
B. Chemical control D. None of the Above
Bowen's Disease
6. ______________involving arsenic powders has been implicated in Bowen's disease.
A. Accurate deposition C. Most appropriate spraying equipment
B. Crop dusting D. None of the Above
Environmental Effects
Effects on Non-target Species
7. A number of the ____________ have been banned from most uses worldwide, and globally they are controlled via the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. These include: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, mirex and toxaphene.
A. Arsenic powders C. Organochlorine pesticide(s)
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
Meteorological Considerations
8. Vortices created by the aircraft passage will also influence__________________.
A. Accurate deposition C. Ambient conditions
B. Spray distribution efficiency D. None of the Above
Sprayer Field Settings
9. During a flight, ______________, output and aircraft height above the crop can be adjusted if necessary however, as the pilot has to concentrate on flying the aircraft he may only occasionally check the spraying system.
A. Pesticide droplets or particles C. Spray pressure
B. Chemical control D. None of the Above
Equipment Storage
10. Aircraft mounted spray equipment is often removed after spraying to release the aircraft for other duties. Both the spray equipment and the aircraft must be thoroughly cleaned (“decontaminated”) and dried, before being stored.
A. True B. False
Topic 6 - Complications/ Limitations / Risk
Specific Restrictions
1. Specific restrictions may include prohibiting the use of certain pesticides under certain conditions, prohibiting certain methods of application, requiring use of a foliage barrier, or requiring a buffer zone distance between the site of ________________to be protected.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Application site
B. Application and areas D. None of the Above
2. During the past few years, the OPP has received and reviewed new studies on spray drift that it required from pesticide registrants to support their product registrations. The OPP has completed its review of these studies and reached conclusions about the factors that influence drift and the amounts of sprays which can drift from the_________________.
A. Output C. Application site
B. Distribution D. None of the Above
Droplet Drift
3. The distance of droplet drift depends upon the size of the droplets, the velocity of the wind and the height above the ground where the herbicide is discharged. In general, larger orifices and _________________ result in larger droplets.
A. Droplet drift C. Lower pressures
B. Larger droplets D. None of the Above
Vapor Drift
4. Volatility refers to the ability of a herbicide to vaporize and to mix freely with the air. Volatile herbicides may produce ______________that can be carried great distances from the target area to other crop sites.
A. The size of the droplet(s) C. Vapors
B. Mists D. None of the Above
Phenoxy Herbicides
5. These herbicides are most commonly used for the control of broad-leaved weeds in crops and for the control of undesirable woody species.
A. The phenoxy group C. Esters
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
6. _______________ in general are formulated in two ways, as esters or amines.
A. Phenoxy herbicides C. Esters
B. Amines D. None of the Above
7. _____________ are more effective in controlling hard-to-kill weeds but are the most hazardous in terms of volatility and consequent drift to sensitive crops.
A. Esters C. Amines
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
Other Components
8. Flow control devices are necessary to make the tank, pump and nozzles work together. Depending on the application system, these devices may include pressure regulators, unloader valves and control valves. Because both the ___________and flow rate are determined by operating pressure, each sprayer should be equipped with a pressure gauge.
A. Spray pattern C. Flow control devices
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
9. Strainers trap particles and debris in the spray mixture and protect the pump, ______________and nozzles from damage.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Strainers
B. Control devices D. None of the Above
Dispersal Summary
10. All nozzles produce a range of________________. The small, drift-prone particles cannot be eliminated but can be reduced and kept within reasonable limits.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Liquid formulation spray deposition
B. Droplet sizes D. None of the Above
Topic 7 - Aerial and Agricultural Pesticides
Fenthion
1. Due to its relatively low toxicity towards humans and mammals, ____________is listed as moderately toxic compound in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization toxicity class
A. Insect growth regulator C. Hormonal IGRs
B. Fenthion D. None of the Above
Malathion
2. Malathion is a(n) ___________parasympathomimetic which binds irreversibly to cholinesterase. Malathion is an insecticide of relatively low human toxicity.
A. Organophosphate C. Benzamide
B. Benzoyl-phenylurea D. None of the Above
Permethrin
3. Permethrin is a broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide.
A. True B. False
4. ____________ have been synthesized to be similar to pyrethrins yet more stable in the environment. Evidence suggests that they have a very large margin of safety when used as directed by the label.
A. Pyrethroid(s) C. Organophosphate(s)
B. Pyrethrin(s) D. None of the Above
Adsorption Process
5. ______________often occurs because of the attraction between a chemical and soil particles.
A. Action threshold(s) C. Compatibility
B. Adsorption D. None of the Above
Pesticide Transfer
6. Five ways that pesticides can be transferred are through___________, runoff, leaching, absorption and crop removal.
A. Volatilization C. Environmental factors
B. Photodegradation D. None of the Above
Volatilization
7. Once volatilized, a pesticide may diffuse into the atmosphere and either be destroyed or continue as an environmental risk. When mixing disturbs a soil contaminated by a pesticide or other organic compound, a ____________ percent or greater loss of the soil contaminant through volatilization is not unusual.
A. 50 C. 30
B. 10 D. None of the Above
Thermophilic Temperatures
8. Moisture also affects volatilization rates. Water may physically impede the flow of a gas phase pesticide by obstructing the pores through which gases travel. _____________may also promote volatilization by liberating weakly adsorbed pesticides.
A. Water C. Environmental factors
B. Photodegradation D. None of the Above
Photodegradation
9. Factors that influence pesticide photodegradation include the intensity of the sunlight, properties of the application site, the application method and the properties of the pesticide. ________________from photodegradation can be reduced by adding the pesticide to the soil during or immediately after application.
A. Action threshold(s) C. Compatibility
B. Pesticide losses D. None of the Above
Proper Pesticide Handling
10. Special precautions are suggested if pesticides are spilled or catch fire. Certain materials associated with vector control operations, including some pesticides, are considered by OSHA to represent hazardous wastes.
A. True B. False
Aerial Application CEU Training Assignment #4
Last Names S-Z
You will have 90 days from the start of this course to have successfully passed this assignment with a score of 70 %. You may e mail the answers to TLC, info@ or fax the answers to TLC, (928) 272-0747. This assignment is available to you in a Word Format on TLC’s Website. You can find online assistance for this course on the in the Search function on Adobe Acrobat PDF to help find the answers. Once you have paid the course fee, you will be provided complete course support from Student Services (928) 468-0665.
Write your answers on the Answer Key found in the front of this assignment.
1. We will require all students to fax or e-mail a copy of their driver’s license with the registration form.
2. You will need to pick one of the following four assignments to complete. This selection process is based upon your last name.
3. If your last name begins with an A to G, you will pick assignment number 1, if your last name begins with the letter H to P, you are to complete assignment number 2 and if your last name begins with the letter Q-R, you will pick assignment number 3, and if your last name begins with the letter S-Z, you will pick assignment number 3, you will pick assignment number 4, and if your last name begins with the letter S-Z, you will pick assignment number 4.
There are no intention trick questions. All questions require the specific answer as found in the text.
Topic 1 Aerial Application Introduction
Ultra-Low Volume (ULV)
1. The term Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) (spraying) is used in the context of __________________.
A. Pesticide application C. Spray timing
B. Maneuverability D. None of the Above
2. Ultra-low volume application of pesticides has been defined as spraying at a Volume Application Rate (VAR) of less than ___________ L/ha for field crops or less than _______________ L/ha for tree/bush crops.
A. 5 and 25 C. 7 and 75
B. 5 and 50 D. None of the Above
Field Application
3. Adequate pre-preparation will make sure that the actual __________is carried out under the safest conditions and accurate spray timing will help ensure that the product is used to optimum effect. Employers and applicator, worker or handlers must make sure that all safety equipment, clothing and aircraft loading equipment are clean and in a good state of repair.
A. Application D. Spray pressure
B. Spraying E. Accurate spray timing
C. Maneuverability D. None of the Above
4. Rotary wing aircraft offers the advantages of extreme maneuverability and ________________variation, and may be operated in almost any local area.
A. Application C. Spray pressure
B. Speed D. None of the Above
5. ___________is relatively easy to achieve with most ground-based directed spraying, but spray application with fixed and rotary wing aircraft presents more complex problems.
A. Acceptable spray distribution C. Accurate spray timing
B. Extreme maneuverability D. None of the Above
Sprayer Field Settings
6. The use of artificial targets within the treated crop is strongly recommended to check and evaluate spray deposit efficiency as well as confirm the lane separation distances. This is where the ground staff can report back to the pilot, via the radio, any problems with the spraying system such as blocked nozzles or incorrectly operating atomizers.
A. True B. False
Chemical Handling
7. To help keep sprayer-applicator, worker or handler exposure to a minimum, wherever possible preference must be given to using pesticide packs handled via ______________.
A. Opened spraying system C. Closed transfer systems
B. Agitator(s) D. None of the Above
8. Fixed-wing aircraft use venturi spreaders while helicopters use rotary spreaders. Venturi spreaders clamp to the gate box at the___________________.
A. Top of the hopper C. Base of the hopper
B. Base of the agitator(s) D. None of the Above
9. Agitators are available to assist the __________from the hopper.
A. Spraying system C. Spray pressure
B. Flow of material D. None of the Above
10. Chaffy grass seed can be especially difficult to meter and applicator, worker or handler “know-how” is valuable.
A. True B. False
Topic 2 - Understanding Hydraulics and Sprayer Principles
1. Hydrodynamics, the study of liquids in motion, is concerned with such matters as friction and turbulence generated in pipes by flowing liquids, the flow of water over weirs and through________, and the use of hydraulic pressure in machinery.
A. Nozzle(s) C. Relative pressures of the liquid(s)
B. Hydraulic line(s) D. None of the Above
2. ____________are almost incompressible.
A. Liquid(s) C. Pressure(s)
B. Hydraulic pressure(s) D. None of the Above
Meteorology
3. The atmospheric pressure is of great importance in meteorology, since it determines the winds, which generally move at right angles to the direction of the most rapid change of pressure, that is, along the isobars, which are contours of_____________.
A. Hydraulic line(s) C. Height of liquid column(s)
B. Constant pressure D. None of the Above
4. Velocity of flow is an important consideration in sizing the ______________.
A. Spray nozzle(s) C. Relative pressures of the fittings
B. Hydraulic line(s) D. None of the Above
Bernoulli's Principle
5. Bernoulli's principle thus says that a rise (fall) in pressure in a __________must always be accompanied by a decrease (increase) in the speed, and conversely, if an increase (decrease) in, the speed of the fluid results in a decrease (increase) in the pressure.
A. Liquids C. Flowing fluid
B. Hydraulic pressure D. None of the Above
Boom Sprayers
6. The most common example of boom sprayer would be wide horizontal booms used on field sprayers to spray field crops.
A. True B. False
7. Development of a planned aerial application program does not require good cooperation between pilot and grower.
A. True B. False
More on Ultra Low Volume
8. Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) equipment ranges in capacity from a few ounces to 1/2 gallon per acre. _____________and atomizing attachments such as Micronair, Mini-spin and Airfoil are frequently used to aid in droplet break-up.
A. Guessing C. Electrochromic
B. Special metering D. None of the Above
Understanding Spray Nozzles
9. Machines should be calibrated often to compensate for______________. The application rate (gallons per acre) will be set by the chemical being applied and the crop being treated as listed on the manufacturer's label.
A. Formulation C. Wear
B. Application rate(s) D. None of the Above
Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) Formulations and Temperature
10. When using liquid ultra- low volume (ULV) formulations, special consideration must be given to monitoring the air and ground temperature difference. This is one of the critical indicators of the time to quit treating for the day. The best weather for spraying treatment is usually from dawn until mid-morning.
A. True B. False
Topic 3 - Understanding Pumps and Aerial Sprayers
Spray Nozzle Categorization
Application
1. Droplet micron size is determined by the specific nozzle used first and foremost. In general, the larger the orifice tube, the larger the micron size of the droplet produced. The second factor in determining droplet size is the__________________.
A. Droplet produced C. Higher amounts of sprays
B. Aircraft speed D. None of the Above
Distance between Nozzle and Target (Boom Height)
2. Less distance between the droplet release point and the target will increase duce spray drift. More distance means less time to travel from nozzle to target and therefore less drift occurs.
A. True B. False
Drain Valve(s)
3. The drain valve(s) must be located at the lowest point(s) in the system to allow for complete draining of the spray system at the____________.
A. Refilling of chemical C. Start of the program
B. End of the program D. None of the Above
Emergency Shut-off Valve
4. The emergency shutoff valve should be located between the hopper and pump. The valve should be as close to the hopper as possible to prevent the loss of pesticide and damage to the environment in the event of a major spray system leak.
A. True B. False
Electrostatic Sprayers
5. Electrostatic sprayers which apply ___________to the material being sprayed reduce spraying time and improve insect and disease control per unit of chemical applied.
A. Droplets C. Higher amounts
B. An electrical charge D. None of the Above
6. Higher amounts of sprays from air-assisted electrostatic units were also found deeper in the crop canopy compared to the amounts delivered by uncharged hydraulic sprayers. A. True B. False
Specific Gravity
7. Specific gravity is the ratio of the energy of a given volume of liquid to the mass of the same pressure of water.
A. True B. False
Surface Tension
8. The surface tension of a liquid tends to assume the_______________, acting as a membrane under tension.
A. Pressure needed C. Droplet release point
B. Smallest possible size D. None of the Above
9. Low surface tensions can allow nozzles to be operated at higher pressures.
A. True B. False
Liquid Application and Calculations
10. You should conduct sprayer calibration using mineral spirits or kerosene.
A. True B. False
Topic 4 - Aerial Application Assignment and Control Information Section
Aircraft Facilities
Airports and Airstrips
1. Soft-surfaced runways are desirable when large multi-engine aircraft are used. The contractor/pilot must complete all arrangements necessary to use any airport.
A. True B. False
Minimum Airstrip Sizes
2. The airstrip lengths shown below are for runways with clear approaches and average sod conditions at an elevation of approximately ______________ feet above sea level. At higher elevations or when fields are soft, longer airstrips will be required. Hard-surfaced runways at lower elevations may be somewhat shorter.
A. 1,000 C. 4,000
B. 2,500 D. None of the Above
Notify Beekeepers
3. Many of the pesticides used in aerial treatments are highly toxic to bees. Notify beekeepers about the meetings. Program operational guidelines, environmental impact statements, _______________, State laws, and/or pesticide labels may also require that beekeepers in the area be notified of control programs.
A. Environmental application C. Environmental issues
B. Environmental assessments (EA) D. None of the Above
Spray Block, Sensitive Area, and Buffer Zone Verification
4. After taking a ______________flight with each pilot and confirming that everything (buffer zones, spray blocks, and sensitive areas) is recorded on a master program map, then jointly sign and date the map. When observation aircraft are not available, then using ground vehicles to show pilots and/or flaggers their assigned blocks may be necessary.
A. Spraying reconnaissance C. Pretreatment reconnaissance
B. Test reconnaissance D. None of the Above
Spray Deposition Monitoring
Dyecard Samplers
5. Use dyecards to monitor ___________________.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Liquid formulation spray deposition
B. Row spacing D. None of the Above
6. Dyecards are made of pesticide-repellant plastic and are used to provide valuable information on swath width, spray droplet deposition pattern, and droplet size; and to identify leaks in the spray system.
A. True B. False
Spray Boom Calibration
7. Use chart for distance to drive in the field. Use nozzle spacing for booms. For directed and band rigs use the ________________.
A. Column spacing C. Nozzle or nozzle group output
B. Row spacing D. None of the Above
8. Set throttle for _____________and operate all equipment. Note seconds required to drive measured distance.
A. Spraying C. Accurate spray timing
B. Extreme maneuverability D. None of the Above
9. On directed rigs, catch spray from all nozzles per row for noted time. ______________output in ounces = gallons/acre actually applied.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group C. Liquid formulation
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
10. Replace any nozzles whose output is greater than _____________ % of the average of all nozzles.
A. 25 C. 10
B. 40 D. None of the Above
Topic 5 - Pesticide Drift Control and Training Requirements
The EPA defines spray or dust drift as:
1. "the physical movement of _____________through the air at the time of pesticide application or soon thereafter from the target site to any non- or off-target site. Spray drift shall not include movement of pesticides to non- or off-target sites caused by erosion, migration, volatility, or windblown soil particles that occurs after application or application of fumigants unless specifically addressed on the product label with respect to drift control requirements."
A. Granular material(s) C. Organochlorine pesticide(s)
B. Pesticide droplets or particles D. None of the Above
Pesticide Residues
2. Fresh water reservoirs, stream bed sediments, and harvested food do not need to be tested for pesticide residues.
A. True B. False
Understanding the Dangers of Drift
3. The size of _________________ depends upon the particular formulation and can be controlled to some extent by screening. In the case of sprays, droplet size is generally increased by reducing pressures or increasing nozzle size.
A. Granular material(s) C. Surface tension of the spray solution
B. Pesticide droplets or particles D. None of the Above
Vapor Drift (Volatilization)
4. _______________ is not movement of material caused by wind. In fact, calm or no wind may lead to inversions that could result in vapor drift.
A. Accurate deposition C. Chemical control
B. Vapor drift D. None of the Above
Chemical Control in an IPM Program
5. Regular field scouting, coupled with forecasting pest problems and determining economic thresholds, is used to ensure that ____________ are only applied when pest populations warrant chemical control.
A. Granular material(s) C. Pesticides
B. Chemical control D. None of the Above
Bowen's Disease
6. ______________involving arsenic powders has been implicated in Bowen's disease. However, lead arsenic has not been used by aerial applicators or in any other form of agriculture for three decades because of the adverse effects to human health that were not as well known when the powder was legal.
A. Accurate deposition C. Most appropriate spraying equipment
B. Crop dusting D. None of the Above
Environmental Effects
Effects on Non-target Species
7. A number of the ____________ have been banned from most uses worldwide, and globally they are controlled via the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. These include: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, mirex and toxaphene.
A. Arsenic powders) C. Organochlorine pesticide(s)
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
Meteorological Considerations
8. The distance a spray droplet travels depends on the droplet size and downward velocity, the release height and the _______________________.
A. Accurate deposition C. Ambient conditions
B. Spray distribution efficiency D. None of the Above
Sprayer Field Settings
9. During a flight, spray pressure, output and aircraft height above the crop can be adjusted if necessary however, as the pilot has to concentrate on flying the aircraft he may only occasionally check the spraying system.
A. True B. False
Equipment Storage
10. . Aircraft mounted spray equipment is often removed after spraying to release the aircraft for other duties. Both the spray equipment and the aircraft must be thoroughly cleaned (“decontaminated”) and dried, before being stored.
A. True B. False
Topic 6 - Complications/ Limitations / Risk
Specific Restrictions
1. Specific restrictions may include prohibiting the use of certain pesticides under certain conditions, prohibiting certain methods of application, requiring use of a foliage barrier, or requiring a buffer zone distance between the site of ________________to be protected.
A. Application and areas C. Row spacing
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
2. The OPP has completed its review of these studies and reached conclusions about the factors that influence drift and the amounts of sprays which can drift from the_________________.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Application site
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
Droplet Drift
3. The distance of droplet drift depends upon the size of the droplets, the velocity of the wind and the height above the ground where the herbicide is discharged. In general, larger orifices and _________________ result in larger droplets.
A. Droplet drift C. Lower pressures
B. Higher pressures D. None of the Above
Vapor Drift
4. Volatility refers to the ability of a herbicide to vaporize and to mix freely with the air.
A. True B. False
Phenoxy Herbicides
5. The phenoxy group of herbicides has been most often involved in crop injury by off-target drift. ________________ includes 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 2,4-DB, 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) and MCPA.
A. The phenoxy group C. Esters
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
6. Which of the following in general are formulated in two ways, as esters or amines?
A. Phenoxy herbicides C. Esters
B. Amines D. None of the Above
7. Which of the following are more effective in controlling hard-to-kill weeds but are the most hazardous in terms of volatility and consequent drift to sensitive crops?
A. Esters C. Amines
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
Other Components
8. Flow control devices are necessary to make the tank, pump and nozzles work together. Depending on the application system, these devices may include pressure regulators, unloader valves and ___________________.
A. Spray pattern C. Control valves
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
9. Strainers trap particles and debris in the spray mixture and protect the pump, ______________and nozzles from damage.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Strainers
B. Control devices D. None of the Above
Dispersal Summary
10. All nozzles produce a range of________________. The small, drift-prone particles cannot be eliminated but can be reduced and kept within reasonable limits.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Liquid formulation spray deposition
B. Droplet sizes D. None of the Above
Topic 7 - Aerial and Agricultural Pesticides
Fenthion
1. Due to its relatively low toxicity towards humans and mammals, ____________is listed as moderately toxic compound in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization toxicity class
A. Insect growth regulator C. Hormonal IGRs
B. Fenthion D. None of the Above
2. Permethrin is an insecticide of relatively low human toxicity; however recent studies have shown that children with higher levels of Permethrin in their urine seem to be at an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
A. True B. False
3. Malathion is a broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide. It is available in dusts, emulsifiable concentrates, smokes, ULV concentrates, and wettable-powder formulations. A. True B. False
4. ____________ have been synthesized to be similar to pyrethrins yet more stable in the environment. Evidence suggests that they have a very large margin of safety when used as directed by the label.
A. Pyrethroid(s) C. Organophosphate(s)
B. Pyrethrin(s) D. None of the Above
Adsorption Process
5. ______________often occurs because of the attraction between a chemical and soil particles.
A. Action threshold(s) C. Compatibility agent(s)
B. Adsorption D. None of the Above
Pesticide Transfer
6. Five ways that pesticides can be transferred are through___________, runoff, leaching, absorption and crop removal.
A. Volatilization C. Movement
B. Photodegradation D. None of the Above
Volatilization
7. Once volatilized, a pesticide may diffuse into the atmosphere and either be destroyed or continue as an environmental risk. When mixing disturbs a soil contaminated by a pesticide or other organic compound, a ____________ percent or greater loss of the soil contaminant through volatilization is not unusual.
A. 50 C. 30
B. 10 D. None of the Above
Thermophilic Temperatures
8. Moisture also affects volatilization rates. Water may physically impede the flow of a gas phase pesticide by obstructing the pores through which gases travel. _____________may also promote volatilization by liberating weakly adsorbed pesticides.
A. Water C. Environmental factors
B. Photodegradation D. None of the Above
Photodegradation
9. Factors that influence pesticide photodegradation include the intensity of the sunlight, properties of the application site, the application method and the properties of the pesticide. ________________from photodegradation can be reduced by adding the pesticide to the soil during or immediately after application.
A. Action threshold(s) C. Compatibility
B. Pesticide losses D. None of the Above
Proper Pesticide Handling
10. Special precautions are necessary if pesticides are spilled or catch fire. Certain materials associated with vector control operations, including some pesticides, are considered by EPA and DPR to represent hazardous wastes.
A. True B. False
Aerial Application CEU Training Assignment #5
Supplemental
You will have 90 days from the start of this course to have successfully passed this assignment with a score of 70 %. You may e mail the answers to TLC, info@ or fax the answers to TLC, (928) 272-0747. This assignment is available to you in a Word Format on TLC’s Website. You can find online assistance for this course on the in the Search function on Adobe Acrobat PDF to help find the answers. Once you have paid the course fee, you will be provided complete course support from Student Services (928) 468-0665.
Write your answers on the Answer Key found in the front of this assignment.
If you are a repeat student, please take the alterative version # 5 assignment.
There are no intention trick questions. All questions require the specific answer as found in the text.
Topic 1- Aerial Application Introduction Supplement
1. Ultra-low volume application of pesticides has been defined as spraying at a Volume Application Rate (VAR) of less than ___________ L/ha for field crops or less than _______________ L/ha for tree/bush crops.
A. 5 and 25 C. 7 and 75
B. 5 and 50 D. None of the Above
2. Adequate pre-preparation will make sure that the actual __________is carried out under the safest conditions and accurate spray timing will help ensure that the product is used to optimum effect.
A. Spraying C. Timing
B. Maneuverability D. None of the Above
3. Fixed-wing aircraft use venturi spreaders while helicopters use rotary spreaders. Venturi spreaders clamp to the gate box at the___________________.
A. Secured section C. Base of the hopper
B. Agitator(s) D. None of the Above
4. __________ and positive metering systems are available.
A. Rotary C. Venturi-type and rotary-slinger spreader(s)
B. Agitator(s) D. None of the Above
5. Rotor spreaders are self-contained units that hang below the helicopter. A recent approach for helicopters is to use saddle tanks with a(n)__________________.
A. Spraying system C. Auger and forced-air boom
B. Agitator(s) D. None of the Above
6. ________________can be a problem with aerial spraying and environmental contamination can be significant if spraying is incorrectly executed.
A. Accurate deposition C. Ultra-low volume application of pesticide(s)
B. Volatility and spray drift D. None of the Above
7. ___________are valuable for metering pelleted herbicides or hard slick grass seed in fixed-wing aircraft.
A. Accurate deposition C. Ultra-low volume application
B. Positive metering systems D. None of the Above
8. The cab must be declared in writing by the manufacturer or by a governmental agency to provide at least as much respiratory protection as the ____________ listed on the pesticide labeling.
A. Vanes C. Ventilation system
B. Type of respirator D. None of the Above
9. ___________is relatively easy to achieve with most ground-based directed spraying, but spray application with fixed and rotary wing aircraft presents more complex problems.
A. Acceptable spray distribution C. Accurate spray timing
B. Extreme maneuverability D. None of the Above
10. To help keep sprayer-applicator, worker or handler exposure to a minimum, wherever possible preference must be given to using pesticide packs handled via ______________.
A. Venturi spreader(s) C. Closed transfer systems
B. Agitator(s) D. None of the Above
Topic 2 - Understanding Hydraulics and Sprayer Principles
1. Hydrodynamics, the study of liquids in motion, is concerned with such matters as friction and turbulence generated in pipes by flowing liquids, the flow of water over weirs and through________, and the use of hydraulic pressure in machinery.
A. Nozzle(s) C. Relative pressures of the liquid(s)
B. Isobar(s) D. None of the Above
2. ____________are almost incompressible.
A. Liquid(s) C. Pressure(s)
B. Hydraulic pressure(s) D. None of the Above
3. The atmospheric pressure is of great importance in meteorology, since it determines the winds, which generally move at right angles to the direction of the most rapid change of pressure, that is, along the isobars, which are contours of_____________.
A. Relative pressures C. Height of liquid column(s)
B. Constant pressure D. None of the Above
4. Velocity of flow is an important consideration in sizing the ______________.
A. Spray nozzle(s) C. Fittings
B. Hydraulic line(s) D. None of the Above
5. Bernoulli's principle thus says that a rise (fall) in pressure in a __________must always be accompanied by a decrease (increase) in the speed, and conversely, if an increase (decrease) in, the speed of the fluid results in a decrease (increase) in the pressure.
A. Flowing fluid C. Column
B. Flume D. None of the Above
6. Most sprayers distribute pesticides using a boom with spray nozzles spaced at regular intervals. The most common example would be wide horizontal booms used on field sprayers to spray field crops.
A. True B. False
7. The full advantages of aerial application are more likely to be realized when its use is preplanned. Development of a planned aerial application program will require good cooperation between pilot and grower.
A. True B. False
8. Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) equipment ranges in capacity from a few ounces to _______________ gallon per acre.
A. 1/5 C. 1/2
B. 1/3 D. None of the Above
9. The nozzle type and pressure should be selected for the ______________and the atomization required for the job.
A. Formulation C. Material being used
B. Application rate(s) D. None of the Above
10. When using liquid ultra- low volume (ULV) formulations, special consideration are not necessary for monitoring the air and ground temperature difference.
A. True B. False
Topic 3 - Understanding Pumps and Aerial Sprayers
1. Droplet micron size is determined by the specific nozzle used first and foremost. In general, the larger the orifice tube, the larger the micron size of the droplet produced. The second factor in determining droplet size is the__________________.
A. Spray system C. Surface tension of a liquid
B. Aircraft speed D. None of the Above
2. Less distance between the droplet release point and the _____________will reduce spray drift. Less distance means less time to travel from nozzle to target and therefore less drift occurs.
A. Target C. Droplet release point
B. Sprayer calibration D. None of the Above
3. Check all high points for drain valves or removable plugs that will allow draining the spray system.
A. True B. False
4. The emergency shutoff valve should be located between the hopper and pump. The valve should be as close to the hopper as possible to prevent the loss of pesticide and damage to the environment in the event of a major spray system leak.
A. True B. False
5. Electrostatic sprayers which apply ___________to the material being sprayed reduce spraying time and improve insect and disease control per unit of chemical applied.
A. Energy C. Friction
B. An electrical charge D. None of the Above
6. Higher amounts of sprays from air-assisted electrostatic units were also found deeper in the crop canopy compared to the amounts delivered by uncharged hydraulic sprayers. A. True B. False
7. Specific gravity is the ratio of the atoms of a given charge of liquid to the energy of the same volume of water. In spraying, the main effect of the specific gravity Sg of a liquid other than water is on the capacity of the spray nozzle.
A. True B. False
8. The surface tension of a liquid tends to assume the_______________, acting as a membrane under tension.
A. Droplet point C. Smallest possible size
B. Largest possible size D. None of the Above
9. Surface tension is more apparent at low operating pressures.
A. True B. False
10. After you have properly calibrated your equipment, it is ready to use. The next step is to read the label and find the site and pest which you are treating.
A. True B. False
Topic 4 - Aerial Application Assignment and Control Information Section
1. Hard-surfaced runways are desirable when large multi-engine aircraft are used. The contractor/pilot must complete all arrangements necessary to use any airport.
A. True B. False
2. The airstrip lengths shown below are for runways with clear approaches and average sod conditions at an elevation of approximately ______________ feet above sea level. At higher elevations or when fields are soft, longer airstrips will be required. Hard-surfaced runways at lower elevations may be somewhat shorter.
A. 1,000 C. 4,000
B. 2,500 D. None of the Above
3. Many of the pesticides used in aerial treatments are highly toxic to bees. Notify beekeepers about the meetings. Program operational guidelines, environmental impact statements, _______________, State laws, and/or pesticide labels may also require that beekeepers in the area be notified of control programs.
A. Environmental application C. Environmental issues
B. Environmental assessments (EA) D. None of the Above
4. After taking a ______________flight with each pilot and confirming that everything (buffer zones, spray blocks, and sensitive areas) is recorded on a master program map, then jointly sign and date the map. When observation aircraft are not available, then using ground vehicles to show pilots and/or flaggers their assigned blocks may be necessary.
A. Spraying reconnaissance C. Pretreatment reconnaissance
B. Test reconnaissance D. None of the Above
5. Use dyecards to monitor ___________________.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Liquid formulation spray deposition
B. Pesticide absorption D. None of the Above
6. Dyecards are made of water- or oil-sensitive paper and are used to provide valuable information on swath width, spray droplet deposition pattern, and droplet size; and to identify leaks in the spray system.
A. True B. False
7. Use chart for distance to drive in the field. Use nozzle spacing for booms. For directed and band rigs use the _________________.
A. Column spacing C. Nozzle or nozzle group output
B. Row spacing D. None of the Above
8. Set throttle for _____________and operate all equipment. Note seconds required to drive measured distance.
A. Application C. Spray pressure
B. Spraying D. None of the Above
9. On directed rigs, catch spray from all nozzles per row for noted time. ______________output in ounces = gallons/acre actually applied.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group C. Liquid formulation
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
10. Replace any nozzles whose output is greater than _____________ % of the average of all nozzles.
A. 25 C. 10
B. 40 D. None of the Above
Topic 5 - Pesticide Drift Control and Training Requirements
The EPA defines spray or dust drift as:
1. "the physical movement of _____________through the air at the time of pesticide application or soon thereafter from the target site to any non- or off-target site. Spray drift shall not include movement of pesticides to non- or off-target sites caused by erosion, migration, volatility, or windblown soil particles that occurs after application or application of fumigants unless specifically addressed on the product label with respect to drift control requirements."
A. Granular material(s) C. Organochlorine pesticide(s)
B. Pesticide droplets or particles D. None of the Above
2. Fresh water reservoirs, stream bed sediments, and harvested food would be examples of places that would be tested for pesticide residues.
A. True B. False
3. Droplet size depends primarily upon the spray pressure, nozzle design and orientation, and the_____________.
A. Granular material(s) C. Surface tension of the spray solution
B. Pesticide droplets or particles D. None of the Above
4. Which of the following can be avoided by simply refraining from the use of ester-containing formulations of 2,4-D?
A. Accurate deposition C. Chemical control
B. Vapor drift D. None of the Above
5. Regular field scouting, coupled with forecasting pest problems and determining economic thresholds, is used to ensure that ____________ are only applied when pest populations warrant chemical control.
A. Granular material(s) C. Pesticides
B. Pesticide droplets D. None of the Above
6. ______________involving arsenic powders has been implicated in Bowen's disease. However, lead arsenic has not been used by aerial applicators or in any other form of agriculture for three decades because of the adverse effects to human health that were not as well known when the powder was legal.
A. Accurate deposition C. Most spraying equipment
B. Crop dusting D. None of the Above
7. A number of the ____________ have been banned from most uses worldwide, and globally they are controlled via the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. These include: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, mirex and toxaphene.
A. Lead arsenic C. Organochlorine pesticide(s)
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
8. Vortices created by the aircraft passage will also influence__________________.
A. Accurate deposition C. Ambient conditions
B. Spray distribution efficiency D. None of the Above
9. During a flight, ______________, output and aircraft height above the crop can be adjusted if necessary however, as the pilot has to concentrate on flying the aircraft he may only occasionally check the spraying system.
A. Ultra-low volume C. Spray pressure
B. Chemical control D. None of the Above
10. Aircraft mounted spray equipment is often removed after spraying to release the aircraft for other duties. Both the spray equipment and the aircraft must be thoroughly cleaned (“decontaminated”) and dried, before being stored.
A. True B. False
Topic 6 - Complications/ Limitations / Risk
1. Specific restrictions may include prohibiting the use of certain pesticides under certain conditions, prohibiting certain methods of application, requiring use of a foliage barrier, or requiring a buffer zone distance between the site of ________________to be protected.
A. Application and areas C. Row spacing
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
2. During the past few years, the OPP has received and reviewed new studies on spray drift that it required from pesticide registrants to support their product registrations. The OPP has completed its review of these studies and reached conclusions about the factors that influence drift and the amounts of sprays which can drift from the_________________.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Application site
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
3. The distance of droplet drift depends upon the size of the droplets, the velocity of the wind and the height above the ground where the herbicide is discharged. In general, larger orifices and lower pressures result in __________________.
A. Droplet drift C. Lower pressures
B. Larger droplets D. None of the Above
4. Volatility refers to the ability of a herbicide to dehydrate and to mix freely with a liquid.
A. True B. False
5. These herbicides are most commonly used for the control of broad-leaved weeds in crops and for the control of undesirable woody species.
A. The phenoxy group C. Esters
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
6. _______________ in general are formulated in two ways, as esters or amines.
A. Phenoxy herbicides C. Esters
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
7. _____________ are more effective in controlling hard-to-kill weeds but are the most hazardous in terms of volatility and consequent drift to sensitive crops.
A. Esters C. Amines
B. Volatile herbicide(s) D. None of the Above
8. Which of the following are necessary to make the tank, pump and nozzles work together? Depending on the application system, these devices may include pressure regulators, unloader valves and control valves.
A. Spray pattern C. Flow control devices
B. Uniform distribution D. None of the Above
9. Strainers are also required for effective treatments. Strainers trap particles and debris in the spray mixture and protect the pump, ______________and nozzles from damage.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Strainers
B. Control devices D. None of the Above
10. All nozzles produce a range of________________. The small, drift-prone particles cannot be eliminated but can be reduced and kept within reasonable limits.
A. Nozzle or nozzle group output C. Liquid formulation spray deposition
B. Droplet sizes D. None of the Above
Topic 7 - Aerial and Agricultural Pesticides
1. Due to its relatively low toxicity towards humans and mammals, ____________is listed as moderately toxic compound in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization toxicity class
A. Insect growth regulator C. Hormonal IGRs
B. Fenthion D. None of the Above
2. _____________may also promote volatilization by liberating weakly adsorbed pesticides.
A. Water C. Environmental factors
B. Action threshold(s) D. None of the Above
3. ________________from photodegradation can be reduced by adding the pesticide to the soil during or immediately after application.
A. Action threshold(s) C. Compatibility agent(s)
B. Pesticide losses D. None of the Above
4. Special precautions are necessary if pesticides are spilled or catch fire.
A. True B. False
5. Permethrin is a broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide. It is available in dusts, emulsifiable concentrates, smokes, ULV concentrates, and wettable-powder formulations.
A. True B. False
6. ____________ have been synthesized to be similar to pyrethrins yet more stable in the environment. Evidence suggests that they have a very large margin of safety when used as directed by the label.
A. Pyrethroid(s) C. Organophosphate(s)
B. Pyrethrin(s) D. None of the Above
7. ______________often occurs because of the attraction between a chemical and soil particles.
A. Photodegradation C. Compatibility
B. Adsorption D. None of the Above
8. Five ways that pesticides can be transferred are through___________, runoff, leaching, absorption and crop removal.
A. Volatilization C. Photodegradation
B. Movement D. None of the Above
9. Malathion is a(n) ___________parasympathomimetic which binds irreversibly to cholinesterase.
A. Benzamide C. Organophosphate
B. Benzoyl-phenylurea D. None of the Above
10. When mixing disturbs a soil contaminated by a pesticide or other organic compound, a ____________ percent or greater loss of the soil contaminant through volatilization is not unusual.
A. 50 C. 30
B. 10 D. None of the Above
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- ceu workshops for social workers
- free ceu credits for teachers
- ceu certification for providers
- ceu requirements for florida nurses
- nc ceu credits for teachers
- ancc ceu requirements for recertification
- free ceu training for counselors
- ceu courses for teachers
- direct course online training dodd
- free ceu for water operators
- ceu credits for early childhood
- application for water bill