Grammar and Language Workbook - Weebly

GLENCOE LANGUAGE ARTS

Grammar

and Language

Workbook

G RADE 8

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

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Printed in the United States of America

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 066 03 02 01 00

Contents

Handbook of Definitions and Rules .........................1

Troubleshooter ........................................................23

Part 1 Grammar ......................................................45

Unit 1 Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences

1.1

Kinds of Sentences: Declarative and

Interrogative ................................................47

1.2

Kinds of Sentences: Exclamatory and

Imperative....................................................49

1.3

Sentence Fragments ....................................51

1.4

Subjects and Predicates: Simple and

Complete......................................................53

1.5

Subjects and Predicates: Compound ..........55

1.6

Simple and Compound Sentences .............57

Unit 1 Review ..........................................................59

Cumulative Review .................................................60

Copyright ? by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Unit 2 Nouns

2.7

Nouns: Proper and Common ......................61

2.8

Nouns: Concrete and Abstract ...................63

2.9

Nouns: Compounds, Plurals,

and Possessives ...........................................65

2.10

Nouns: Collective ........................................67

2.11

Distinguishing Plurals, Possessives, and

Contractions ................................................69

2.12

Appositives..................................................71

Unit 2 Review ..........................................................73

Cumulative Review: Units 1-2 ................................74

Unit 3 Verbs

3.13

Action Verbs................................................75

3.14

Verbs: Transitive and Intransitive ..............77

3.15

Verbs with Indirect Objects ........................79

3.16

Linking Verbs and Predicate Words ..........81

3.17

Present and Past Tenses..............................85

3.18

Main Verbs and Helping Verbs...................89

3.19

Verb Forms: Present Progressive

and Past Progressive....................................91

3.20

Perfect Tenses: Present and Past ................93

3.21

Expressing Future Time..............................95

3.22

Active and Passive Voices ..........................97

3.23

Irregular Verbs I...........................................99

3.24

Irregular Verbs II .......................................101

Unit 3 Review ........................................................105

Cumulative Review: Units 1-3 ..............................106

Unit 4 Pronouns

4.25

Pronouns: Personal ...................................107

4.26

Pronouns and Antecedents.......................109

4.27

Using Pronouns Correctly.........................111

4.28

Pronouns: Possessive and Indefinite........113

4.29

Pronouns: Reflexive and Intensive...........115

4.30

Pronouns: Interrogative and

Demonstrative ...........................................117

Unit 4 Review ........................................................119

Cumulative Review: Units 1-4 ..............................120

Unit 5 Adjectives and Adverbs

5.31

Adjectives ..................................................121

5.32

Articles and Proper Adjectives.................123

5.33

Comparative and

Superlative Adjectives ..............................125

5.34

Demonstratives..........................................127

5.35

Adverbs......................................................129

5.36

Comparative and Superlative Adverbs ....131

5.37

Using Adverbs and Adjectives .................133

5.38

Avoiding Double Negatives ......................135

Unit 5 Review ........................................................137

Cumulative Review: Units 1-5 ..............................138

Unit 6 Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections

6.39

Prepositions and Prepositional

Phrases.......................................................141

6.40

Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions ........143

6.41

Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives

and Adverbs ..............................................145

6.42

Conjunctions: Coordinating and

Correlative .................................................147

6.43

Conjunctive Adverbs and Interjections....149

Unit 6 Review ........................................................151

Cumulative Review: Units 1-6 ..............................152

Unit 7 Clauses and Complex Sentences

7.44

Sentences and Main Clauses ...................155

7.45

Complex Sentences and

Subordinate Clauses..................................157

7.46

Adjective Clauses ......................................159

7.47

Essential and Nonessential Clauses .........161

7.48

Adverb Clauses..........................................163

7.49

Noun Clauses.............................................165

Unit 7 Review ........................................................167

Cumulative Review: Units 1-7 ..............................168

Unit 8 Verbals

8.50

Participles and Participial Phrases...........171

8.51

Gerunds and Gerund Phrases ...................175

8.52

Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases .............179

Unit 8 Review ........................................................183

Cumulative Review: Units 1-8 ..............................184

Unit 9 Subject-Verb Agreement

9.53

Making Subjects and Verbs Agree ............187

9.54

Locating the Subject..................................189

9.55

Collective Nouns and Other

Special Subjects ........................................191

9.56

Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects ...............193

9.57

Agreement with Compound Subjects.......195

Unit 9 Review ........................................................197

Cumulative Review: Units 1-9 ..............................198

Unit 10 Diagraming Sentences

10.58 Diagraming Simple Subjects

and Predicates ...........................................201

Table of Contents

iii

Part 2 Usage Glossary ...........................................225

Unit 11 Usage Glossary

11.68 Usage: accept to a lot ................................227

11.69 Usage: beside to less..................................229

11.70 Usage: formally to teach ...........................231

11.71 Usage: leave to sit......................................233

11.72 Usage: than to you¡¯re.................................235

Unit 11 Review ......................................................237

Cumulative Review: Units 1-11 ............................238

Part 3 Mechanics ...................................................241

Unit 12 Capitalization

12.73 Capitalization of Sentences,

Quotations, and Salutations .....................243

12.74 Capitalization of Names and

Titles of Persons ........................................245

12.75 Capitalization of Names of Places ............247

12.76 Capitalization of Other Proper Nouns

and Adjectives...........................................249

Unit 12 Review ......................................................251

Cumulative Review: Units 1-12 ............................252

Unit 13 Punctuation

13.77 Using the Period and Other

End Marks..................................................255

13.78 Using Commas to Signal Pause

or Separation .............................................257

13.79 Using Commas with Clauses ...................259

13.80 Using Commas with Titles, Addresses,

and Dates ...................................................261

13.81 Using Commas with Direct Quotes, in

Letters, and for Clarity ..............................263

13.82 Using Semicolons and Colons ..................265

13.83 Using Quotation Marks and Italics...........267

13.84 Using the Apostrophe ...............................269

13.85 Using the Hyphen, Dash,

and Parentheses.........................................271

13.86 Using Abbreviations..................................273

13.87 Writing Numbers.......................................275

Unit 13 Review ......................................................277

Cumulative Review: Units 1-13 ............................278

iv Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 8

Part 4 Vocabulary and Spelling ...........................281

Unit 14 Vocabulary and Spelling

14.88 Building Vocabulary: Learning

from Context..............................................283

14.89 Building Vocabulary: Word Roots............285

14.90 Building Vocabulary: Prefixes

and Suffixes...............................................287

14.91 Building Vocabulary: Synonyms and

Antonyms ..................................................289

14.92 Building Vocabulary: Homographs and

Homophones .............................................291

14.93 Basic Spelling Rules I ..............................293

14.94 Basic Spelling Rules II ..............................295

Review: Building Vocabulary ..............................297

Review: Basic Spelling Rules ...............................299

Part 5 Composition................................................301

Unit 15 Composition

15.95 The Writing Process: Prewriting...............303

15.96 The Writing Process: Drafting...................307

15.97 The Writing Process: Revising..................311

15.98 The Writing Process: Editing ....................315

15.99 The Writing Process: Presenting...............319

15.100 The Writing Process: Outlining ................321

15.101 Writing Effective Sentences......................323

15.102 Building Paragraphs..................................327

15.103 Paragraph Ordering ...................................331

15.104 Personal Letters: Formal ...........................335

15.105 Personal Letters: Informal.........................337

15.106 Business Letters: Letters of

Request or of Complaint ...........................339

15.107 Business Letters: Stating

Your Opinion ............................................341

Index

...................................................................343

TAE Tests

Unit 1: Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences.......349

Unit 2: Nouns ......................................................351

Unit 3: Verbs........................................................353

Unit 4: Pronouns .................................................357

Unit 5: Adjectives and Adverbs..........................359

Unit 6: Prepositions, Conjunctions,

and Interjections .....................................361

Unit 7: Clauses and Complex Sentences ............365

Unit 8: Verbals.....................................................369

Unit 9: Subject-Verb Agreement .........................371

Unit 10: Diagraming Sentences.............................373

Unit 11: Usage .......................................................375

Unit 12: Capitalization ..........................................377

Unit 13: Punctuation .............................................379

Unit 14: Vocabulary and Spelling ........................381

Unit 15: Composition ............................................383

Answer Key ..........................................................387

Copyright ? by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

10.59 Diagraming Direct and Indirect

Objects and Predicate Words....................203

10.60 Diagraming Adjectives and Adverbs ........205

10.61 Diagraming Prepositional Phrases............207

10.62 Diagraming Compound Sentence Parts....209

10.63 Diagraming Compound Sentences ..........211

10.64 Diagraming Complex Sentences with

Adjective or Adverb Clauses ....................213

10.65 Diagraming Noun Clauses.........................215

10.66 Diagraming Verbals ...................................217

10.67 Diagraming Infinitives ..............................219

Unit 10 Review ......................................................221

Cumulative Review: Units 1-10 ............................222

Handbook of

Definitions

and Rules

Handbook

1

 ................
................

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