Full-endoscopic versus microscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral ...

invasive ยท Enhanced recovery after surgery Introduction Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the most common lumbar degenerative disease among older adults [ 27]. In the degen - erative cascade, disc degeneration and disc height loss lead to ligamentum avum buckling and facet hypertrophy and settling. These changes cause narrowing of the spinal canal ................
................