Methodological Principle - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

(protrusions and annular bulges do cause symptoms, but this depends on additional anatomic factors - proximity of disc material to roots, caliber of bony spinal canal). ... normal lumbar discs progressively increase in height from T12-L1 through L4-5; L5-S1 disc has variable height because of its transitional status. ... (spinal stenosis ... ................
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