UNDERGROUND WATERS OF MISSOURI - USGS

[Pages:245]Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 195 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

UNDERGROUND WATERS OF MISSOURI

THEIR GEOLOGY AND UTILIZATION

BY

EDWARD M. SHEPARD

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1907

CONTENTS.

Page

Introduction............................................................. L

Historical facts........................................................... 2

Requisite conditions for flowing artesian wells.............................. 3

Variation in the flow of artesian wells..................................... 5

Topography ............................................................. 7

Northwest plateau district ............................................

7

North-central prairie district.......................................... 8

Ozark-St. Francis dome district. ..i.................................... 8

Ozark border district ................................................. 9

Southeastern lowlands district...........................'.............. 9

Lincoln Ridge district................................................ 10

Geology ................................................................. 11

Rock formations. ................^.... ................................ 11

General statement............. .................................. 11

Archean...................................... ..............^... 12

Knob Lick granite.................................... 13

Iron Mountain porphyry.............................. 13

Other igneous rocks .................................. 13

Cambrian........................................................ 13

La Motte sandstone...--..-..-..-..-..--...-...-...... 13

Boniieterre limestone................................. 14

Cambro-Ordovician.............................................. 14

Elvins formation..................................... 14

Gasconade limestone ................................. 14

Roubidoux sandstone................................. 15

Jefferson City limestone .............................. 15

St. Peter sandstone................................... 16

Joachim limestone ................................... 17

Ordovician........................................ .............. 17

Silurian ......................................................... 17

Devonian ....._.....*.................. .._...................... 18

Carboniferous.................................................... 18

Mississippian ................................................ 18

Louisiana limestone .........................--.-----. 18

Hannibal formation .................................. 19

Chouteau formation .................................. 20

Burlington limestone ................................. 20

Keokuk limestone.................................... 21

Warsaw formation.................................... 21

Spergen limestone.................................... 21

St. Louis limestone.-..-..........-...-.--...-...----. 22.

Chester group........................................ 22

IH

IV

CONTENTS.

Geology Continued.

Page.

Rock formations Continued.

Carboniferous Continued.

Pennsylvanian .............................. r .^.. ........... 22

Des Moines group ........................................ 22

Graydon formation.................................... 22

Cherokee shale....................................... 23

Henrietta, limestone -.-......-...............-...-..-- 23

Pleasanton shale -..............--.-....-....-...-.--- 23

Missouri group........................................... 24

Cretaceous....................................................... 24

Tertiary......................................................... 24

Porters Creek formation .............................. 24

Lagrange formation .................................. 25

Lafayette gravel...--.-..-..-...--......--..-.--.---.. 25

Quaternary ................. .................................... 25

Columbia clay ....................................... 25

Alluvium, etc........................................ 25

Geologic history......__............--..._......-...._............_... 26

Archean......................................................... 26

Cambrian and Carnbro-Ordovician ................................ 26

Ordovician....................................................... 27

Silurian and Devonian............................................ 27

Carboniferous.................................................... 27

Mesozoic ........................................................ 28

Tertiary ......................................................... 29

Quaternary ...................................................... 29

Descriptions of geologic sections....................................... 29

Section from Glenwood, Iowa, to Brunswick, Mo....... ........... 29

Section from Kansas City to Lebanon.............................. 31

Section from St. Joseph to Versailles .............................. 32

Section from Forest City to St. Louis .............. ............... 33

Section from Arcadia, Kans., to Memphis, Term...... ............. 34

Section from Doniphan, Mo., to Hickman, Ky ..................... 35

Section from Doniphan, Mo., to Cairo, 111.......................... 35

Section from Pleasant Hill to- Louisiana............................ 36

Section from Higginsville to Hannibal............................. 37

Section from Moberly southwest to Nevada, thence south to Carthage

and east to Springfield.......................................... 38

Section from Pacific, Mo., to Greenville, 111 ........................ 41

Section from Keokuk, Iowa, to St. Louis, Mo....................... 41

Underground waters..... ................................................ 43

Artesian districts..................................................... 43

Northeastern district ....................1............................ 43

General artesian conditions ........................................ 43

Clark County .................................................... 44

Kahoka ..................................................... 44

Lewis County.................................................... 45

Canton ...................................................... 45

Lagrange .................................................... 46

Lincoln County .................................................. 48

Troy ........................................................ 48

Marion County .................................................... 48

Hannibal.................................................... 48

CONTENTS.

V

Underground waters Continued.

Page.

Northeastern district Coutiuued.

Marion County Continued.

Nelsonville .................................................. 50

Palmyra............. ....................................... 51

Oakwood.................................................... 51

Pike County..................................................... 52

Louisiana.................................................... 52

Balls County..................................................... 53

Renssdlaer.................................................... 53

Spalding..................................................... 54

North-central district................................................. 55

General artesian conditions ....................................... 55

Adair County.................................................... 55

Kirksviite ..................................'................. 55

Caldwell County ................................................. 56

Braymer .................................................... 56

Carroll County................................................... 57

Carrollton ................................................... 57

Tina ........................................................ 58

Clay County ..................................................... 58

Excelsior Springs............................................ 58

Kearney..--......-...........-...-.-.-.- .--.--..-..--...-.. 60

Daviess County .................................................. 60

Gallatin ..................................................... 60

Harrison County................................................. 61

Bethany..................................................... 61

Holt County..................................................... 62

Forest City .................................................. 62

Linn County..... ............................................... 66

Brookfield................... ............................... 66

St. Catherine................. .............................. 66

Livingston County................................................ 67

Chillicothe................................................... 67

Utica ;....................................................... 67

Mercer County................................................... 68

Wasson Creek....................................... ........ 68

Princeton ............ ^..............................,......... 70

Nodaway County -. ................................................ 70

Burlington Junction....................... .................. 70

Maryville.................................................... 70

South-central district............. ................................... 71

General artesian conditions.................-----.----..-.-.-.-.... 71

Audrain County.................................................. 72

Mexico...................................................... 72

Vandalia .................................................... 73

Boone County.................................................... 73

Columbia.................................................... 73

Callaway County..'............................................... 74

Cedar City................................................... 74

Fulton....................................................... 74

Chariton County................................................. 75

Brunswick................................................... 75

Salisbury .................................................... 76

VI

CONTENTS.

Underground waters Continued.

Page.

South-central district Con tinued.

Cole County ...................................................... 77

Eugene ....................................................... 77

Miscellaneous wells...__--...,..__...___........_____.._..___. 77

Howard County.................................................. 78

Boonslick.................................................... 78

Fayette...................................................... 83

Jackson County.. ....___.-_.....___-.-.._......-.._.-.---....... 84

Kansas City.................................................. -84

Johnson County.................................................. 86

Leeton .-..-._....................-...-...................... 86

Lafayette County................................................. 86

Higginsville _-.......__-....._.__.......__..._.......--.._... 86

Macon County ................................................... 88

La Plata..................................................... 88

Macon....................................................... 88

Miller County.................................................... 91

Glean ....................................................... 91

Moniteau County.,............................................... 92

California..................................................... 92

Morgan County .................................................. 94

Fortuna district.............................................. 94

Bluff Spring and Qlenstead...... ............................. 95

Pettis County ................. .................................. 95

Hughesville..................................... ............ 95

Pettis........................................................ 96

Sedalia ...................................................... 96

Smithton .................................................... 99

Ealla County.. .............................................. .... 100

Nadine ........................... i.......................... 100

Perry ....................................................... 100

Rails................."......-..-............................. 101

Randolph County................................................ 101

Higbee...................................................... 101

Moberly..................................................... 102

Randolph Springs............................................ 103

Saline County.................................................... 104

Malta Bend................................................... 104

Stater ....:............ x ............................... ..... 105

Sweet Springs................................................ 105

Warren County .................................................. 106

Warrentoii................................................... 106

Decaturville dome district ............................................ 107

Camden County.................................................. 107

Carver...................................................... 107

Decaturville ................................................. 107

Gunters ..................................................... 108

Hahatonka .................................................. 108

Hickory County ................................................. 109

Cross Timbers................................................ 109

Pittsburg.................................................... 109

Miller County.................................................... 110

Aurora Springs..........................:.................... 110

Iberia..................I.......,.........,.,.,...,.,.,...,.., 110

CONTENTS.

VII

Underground waters Continued.

Page.

Decaturville dome district Continued.

Polk County..................................................... Ill

Cliquot...................................................... Ill

Goodson..................................................... Ill

Clinton-Nevada district............................................... Ill

General artesian conditions ....................................... Ill

Barton County ............. ...__......_.........._.............. 112

Horse Creek ................................................. 112

Bates County .................................................... 112

Adrian ...................................................... 112

Roekville.................................................... 113

Cass County ..................................................... 113

Drexel ...................................................... 113

Plea'ant Hill ....................................... ........ 113 Henry County .................................................... IP

Clinton...................................................... 114

St. Clair County.................................................. 120

Appleton .............. .. ........................... ...... 120

Osceola...................................................... 120

Vernoii County ............................"...................... 121

Nevada...................................................... 121

Richards .................................................... 123

Sheldon .............................................'..... .. 124

Stotesbury................................................. >.. 125

Walker...................................................... 125

Southwestern district................................................. 125

General artesian conditions ....................................... 125

Barry County.................................................... 126

Exeter....................................................... 126

Christian County................................................. 126

Dent County..................................................... 127

Salem \........... ........................... .............. 127

Greene County................................................... 128

Ash Grove................................................... 128

Springfield.................................................... 131

Howell County .............................................. ... 134

West Plains.................................................. 134

Jasper County .............................. -.-.................. 134

Carl Junction................................................ 134

Carterville................................................... 134

Carthage.................................................... 135

Chitwood................ ................................... 135

Duenweg .................................................... 136

Joplin....................................................... 136

Webb City................................................... 139

Laclede County .................................................. 141

Lebanon.............. ..................................... 141

Lawrence County ................................................ 143

Aurora ...................................................... 143

Comet............... ....................................... 144

Corry ....................................................... 145 Pierce Ci'y................................................... 145

Verona ...................................................... 145

VIII

CONTENTS.

Underground waters Continued.

Page-

Southwestern district Continued.

McDonald County................................................ 146

Lanagan..................................................... 146

Noel ........................................................ 146

Southwest City............................................... 147

Tiff .........^............................................... 148

Wanda..................... ................................ 148

Newton County .................................................. 148

Diamond .................................................... 148

Mount Pltasant Mill.......................................... 150

Neosho...................................................... 151

Ozark County.................................................... 152

Bakersfield .................................................. 152

Phelps County ................................................... 152

Edgar Springs................................................ 152

Rolla............................... ........................ 153

Westcott..................................................... 154

Texas County.................................................... 154

Plato........................................................ 154

St. Louis basin district................................................ 154

General artesian conditions ....................................... 154

Franklin County ......................................... ....... 156

Luebbering .................................................. 156

Sullivan ..................................................... 156

Jefferson County ................................................. 157

Kirnmswiek .................................. ....... ........ 157

Madison County, 111.............................................. 157

. Granite City ................................................. 157

St. Charles County ............................................... 158

St. Charles................................................... 158

St. Clair County, 111.............................................. 158

Monks Mound ...............;............................... 158

St. Louis County ................................................. 159

Bridgeton ................................................... 159

St. Louis ................................................... 159

St. Francis Mountains district.... 1.................................... 166

Cape Girardeau County........................................... 166

Burfordvillc ................................................. 166

Pocahontas .................................................. 167

Carter County.................................................... 167

Grandin..................................................... 167

Iron County ..................................................... 168

Ironton...................................................... 168

Pilot Knob .................................................. 168

Jefferson County................................................. 168

De Soto...................................................... 168

Madison County ................................................. 170

Fredericktown............................................... 170

Perry County.................................................... 171

Perryville ................................................... 171

St. Francois County .............................................. 171

Bismarck.................................................... 171

CONTENT8.

IX

Underground waters Continued.

Page.

Southeastern swamp district........................................... 172

General artesian conditions ......................-...--...-.-.---. 172

Butler County.................................................... 174

Poplar Bluff.................................................. 174

Dunklin County................................................. 174

Campbell..................................................... 174

New Madrid County.............................................. 175

Morehouse................................................... 175

New Madrid ..........\ ....................................... 176

Pemiscot County................................................. 177

Caruthersville ............................................... 177

Kipley County................................................... 178

Naylor ...................................................... 178

Scott County............................ ........................ 179

Benton...................................................... 179

Wells outside of Missouri......................................... 181

Cairo, 111 .................................................... 181

Hickman, Ky......._............-............................ 181

Dyersburg, fenn ............................................. 182

Jonesboro,Ark............................................... 182

Marked Tree, Ark............................................. 182

Memphis, Tenn .............................................. 183

Mississippi County, Ark ...................................... 185

Terrell, Ark.................................................. 187

Drift-well district ............................... .................... 187

Atchison County................................................. 187

Tarkio....................................................... 187

Holt County ..................................................... 192

Mound City.................................................. 192

City water supplies................................................... 192

General discussion................................................ 192

Source of supply.............................................. 192

Artesian waters as a source of supply .......................... 193

Characteristics that affect the value of water for public supply... 194

Potability ............................................... 194

Hardness................................................ 195

City water supplies in Missouri.................................... 198

Statistics..................................................... 198

Analyses of water of public supplies ........................... 204

Mineral wells ........................................................ 209

Blowing wells........................................................ 213

Index ................................................................... 215

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