Amber Crow - About Me



Name ________________________________________The 14 Days of STAAR ReviewOrganisms and the EnvironmentEarth and SpaceForce and MotionMatter and Energy Microhabitat ComparisonType of MicrohabitatsTree MicrohabitatPond MicrohabitatBiotic FactorsAnts, tree, squirrel, acorns, birds, beetles, grass, eggsHeron, dragonfly, fish, frog, butterfly, cattails, grass, turtlesAbiotic FactorsNest, air nutrients, soil, water, sunlightWater, rocks, temperature, gases, nutrientsWhy do different microhabitats support different types of organisms? Different organisms need different resources that they can’t get in every habitat------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Biome SortWhat characteristics of a biome determine the number and types of organisms supported within the biome? Temperature, Precipitation, Soil QualityWhy are some types of organisms located only in specific biomes and ecosystems?The resources they need are in that specific ecosystemWhy are some organisms found in more than one biome? Organisms may have adaptations that allow them to survive in multiple biomesSurvival ScenarioBiome Chosen: Taiga Disaster: DeforestationWhat effects do you think the disaster will have on your selected biome? There will no longer be trees in the area depriving many organisms of a vital resourceHow do drastic changes in abiotic factors affect biodiversity in a biome or ecosystem? Organisms that do not have the correct adaptations may die out – For example Lack of sunlight could mean no plants, no plants means no animalsHow do changes in biotic factors affect biodiversity in a biome or ecosystem? Organisms that do not have the correct adaptations may die out – An increase in the number of prey could mean an increase in the predator populationWhat is the relationship between biodiversity and how an ecosystem or biome is sustained? The higher the biodiversity the more sustainable an ecosystem will beIf an ecosystem or habitat is destroyed, how does it recover? Through the process of succession ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------363855050165Symbiosis Type of SymbiosisWhat’s HappeningExamplesMutualismBoth species benefit* Sea anemone and clownfish* Hummingbird and flowerCommensalismOne species benefits the other is unaffected* Hermit crab and shell* Shark and remoraParasitismOne species benefits the other is harmed* Tick and dog* Sea lice and salmonDay 1 – Characteristics of EcosystemsGuiding Questions1. How does a microhabitat, such as a tree provide resources to a variety of organisms?2. How is a microhabitat similar to a biome?3. How does biodiversity contribute to the sustainability of an ecosystem?4. How do organisms compete for and depend on abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem?VocabularyAbiotic – non living factors in an ecosystemBiotic – living factors in an ecosystemBiodiversity – the variety of organisms in an ecosystemBiome - the world's major communities, classified according to the predominant vegetation and animals that are found thereSymbiosis – a relationship between two different organisms where at least one benefitsMicrohabitat – a small habitat within a larger habitatNiche – an organisms role in the ecosystemSustainability – the ability to maintain an ecosystem long termQuestions I still have:Important things to remember from today:Organisms depend on and compete for the biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem More biodiversity means more sustainabilityMicrohabitats provide a variety of niches for different organisms through resource partitioningFood Chains/Webs – Who ’s WhoOrganismProducerConsumerHerbivoreOmnivoreCarnivorePredatorPreyFreshwater OrganismsCrayfishXXXXFishXXXXFrog XXXXInsect XXXXPhytoplankton XSnail XXXTurtle XXXWater lily XZooplankton XXXRaccoonXXXTerrestrial OrganismsBird XXXXCougarXXXDeerXXXFoxXXXInsect XXXMouseXXXOak trees XOwl XXXShrubs, bushesXSkunk XXXXHow is a predator-prey relationship represented in a food web?The arrows show the flow of energy from prey to predator.Succession SortNatural disasters and human activities can cause changes in environments that affect living systems.Use the card set to sequence the order of changes that would take place after a volcano erupted covering a large area with hardened lava. Record the sequence below. Type of Succession: PrimaryPioneer Soil BuildersWeeds and GrassesSmall HerbivoresMedium HerbivoresShrubs and PerennialsSmall CarnivoresEarly TreesLarge HerbivoresLarge CarnivoresLate TreesUse the card set a second time to sequence the order of changes that would take place in a forested area after a wildfire. Record the sequence below. Type of Succession: SecondaryWeeds and GrassesSmall HerbivoresSmall CarnivoresEarly TreesMedium HerbivoresShrubs and PerennialsLarge HerbivoresLarge CarnivoresLate TreesWhich type of succession takes the longest? PrimaryWhat is the key difference between primary and secondary succession? Primary succession does not start with soilDichotomous Keys11B – Carcharhinidae6A - Sphyrnidae13A - Mobulidae3A - Hexanchidae8A - Psuedotriakidae10A - Scapanorhynchidae13B - Dasyatidae11A - Squalidae5A - Rhinocodontidae4A - Scyliorhinidae2A - Pristiophoridae9A - Alopiidae7A - Isuridae12A - RajidaeName 5 of the characteristics that you looked at in order to find the names of the sharks. Body shape, number of dorsal fins, number of gills, placement of the mouth, presence of a pelvic fin, presence of an anal finHow is a dichotomous key useful to scientists? Dichotomous keys help scientists identify unknown organismsWhat was the main trait that was the difference between sharks 4 and 8?Shark 8 did not have an anal finWhat was the main trait that was the difference between sharks 14 and 9? Shark 14 had points that look like hornsWhat was the main trait that was the difference between sharks 4 and 7? On shark 7 the top half of the caudal fin is the same size and shape as the bottom half----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Daily ReflectionDay 2 – Food Chains, Succession and Dichotomous KeysGuiding QuestionsHow does an ecosystem change over time?How are dichotomous keys used to identify organisms?How do organisms interact in an ecosystem?VocabularySuccession - Process by which an ecological community undergoes a predictable pattern of change following a disturbancePioneer Species – The first species to colonize an ecosystem after a disturbanceClimax Community – The final stage of succession where equilibrium has been reached it consists of a stable community of a diverse number of speciesFood Web – shows the overlapping feeding relationships in a communityQuestions I still have:Important things to remember from today:Primary succession does not start with soil it has to be madeArrows in a food web show the flow of energyThe process of succession restores a community after a disturbanceDichotomous keys help scientists identify unknown organismsOrganisms can play multiple roles in a community (predator, prey, consumer, etc.)Cells Theory Parts of the cell theory:All organisms are composed of one or more cellsThe cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organismsAll cells come from pre-existing cellsScientistContributionLeeuwenhoekInvented the single-lens microscope and studied the bacteria on his teethHookeFirst person to use the name cellsSchleiden All plants made of cellsSchwannAll animals made of cellsVirchowAll cells come from pre-existing cells-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cell Organelles(Oven)Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Chloroplast(Bodyguard)Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Chloroplast(Skeleton)Cytoplasm, Cell Wall, Cell Membrane(Jello)Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Chloroplast(Muscle Man)Mitochondria, Nucleus, Vacuole(Brain)Nucleus, Chloroplast, Vacuole(Refrigerator)Cell Wall, Vacuole, Mitochondria* Nucleus* Cell Membrane* Cytoplasm* DNA* Cell Wall* Chloroplasts* Square shapeWord BankCell membraneNucleusCytoplasmCell wallSquare shapeDNAChloroplastsRound shape* Round shapeAnimalPlant-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Comparing Plant and Animal CellsCells Organelles and FunctionsCell Membrane: controls movement of materials into and out of the cellVacuole: storage compartment for water and other substancesMitochondria: releases the chemical energy from foodChloroplast: produces food for the plant cell by photosynthesisNucleus: controls activities of the cell and contains DNACytoplasm: fills the cell with a jellylike substanceCell Wall: provides rigid support for the plant cellWhat cell parts are common to both plants and animal cells?Vacuole, cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondriaWhat cell parts are only found in plant cells? Chloroplasts, cell wallWhat cell parts control what enters and leaves the cell? Cell membraneKingdomsAnimalia1416050Plantae1892300Fungi65405182245Protista35560-10160Archaebacteria952510795(Extreme conditions)Eubacteria57158890(Most are decomposers: some cause disease)How energy isacquired?(Heterotroph or Autotroph)HeterotrophAutotroph HeterotrophHeterotroph or AutotrophHeterotroph or AutotrophHeterotroph or AutotrophMethod of reproduction(Sexual or Asexual)SexualOne and Two parent reproductionOne or Two parent reproductionOne or Two parent reproductionOne parent reproductionOne parent reproductionNumber of cells(Multi or Unicellular)Multi-cellularMulti-cellularMulti-cellular or UnicellularMulti-cellular or UnicellularUnicellularUnicellularNucleus? (Prokaryote or Eukaryote)EukaryoteEukaryoteEukaryoteEukaryoteProkaryoteProkaryote KingdomsThree’s CompanyOrgansFunction System Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins, HeartPumps blood through the bodyCirculatoryTrachea, Lungs, Diaphragm, Bronchial tubes Takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxideRespiratorySkeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscleProvides movementMuscularJoints, Ligaments, Cartilage, BonesProvides framework for body, protects organs, makes red blood cells SkeletalEsophagus, Gall Bladder, Rectum & Anus, StomachEliminates solid waste and breaks down food for use by cellsDigestiveSpinal Cord, BrainControls all body functions, relays messagesNervous Urethra, Ureters, Bladder, SkinEliminates liquid wastes and carbon dioxideExcretoryPancreas, Thyroid, Pituitary GlandControls growth, releases hormonesEndocrineTestes, Ovaries, Uterus, Fallopian TubesChromosomes combine to produce offspringReproductiveSkin, Nails, Hair, & Sweat GlandsProtects and covers external and internal body structuresIntegumentaryAsexual vs. Sexual Reproduction?Sexual ReproductionAsexual Reproductionlarge amount of variation, diversityXuniform offspringXgenetic information is found in nucleusX Xreproduction involves 2 parents which combine genetic materialXtype of reproduction that occurs with fertilizationXrequires only one parentXbinary fission, budding, propagationXcan reproduce without a partnerXcan reduce the chance for mutationXoffspring differ from the parent and each otherXallows the population to adapt to an ever changing environmentXoffspring are identical to parents (clones)Xprevents the potential for changeXWhat are two advantages of sexual reproduction?Genetic variationSpread of advantageous traits, deletion of bad traitsWhat types of organisms reproduce asexually?Usually simple organisms – hydra, starfish, plants, bacteriaCompare the offspring of sexual and asexual reproduction.Sexual – genetically diverseAsexual – clones of the parentBaby Bunny Phenotypes!TraitHHHh hhNaked/FurryNaked (AA)Naked (Aa)Furry (aa)Fur ColorGray (EE)Gray (Ee)Brown (ee)Whisker LengthLong Whiskers (DD)Long Whiskers (Dd)Short Whiskers (dd)Ear SizeSmall Ears (FF)Small Ears (Ff)Large Ears (ff)Running SpeedFast (II)Fast (Ii)Slow (ii)Heat ToleranceNot Heat Tolerant (HH)Not Heat Tolerant (Hh)Heat Tolerant (hh)Cold ToleranceNot Cold Tolerant (GG)Not Cold Tolerant (Gg)Cold Tolerant (gg)Fat StorageHighly Effective (BB)Moderately Effective (Bb)Not Effective (bb)Body SizeLarge (LL)Medium (Ll)Small (ll)Tail LengthShort (RR)Medium (Rr)Long (rr)Compare the features of your baby bunny to those best suited to the different environment types in the table. In which environment(s) would your bunny be most likely to survive? Temperate Forest/Field or Tropical Rainforest In which would it be least likely to survive? Tundra or DesertExamine the list of features most suited to life in a temperate forest. If the climate changed abruptly and became more tropical (warmer), which of the bunnies living in the temperate forest would be more likely to survive? The bunnies that have the heat tolerant trait would be more likely to survive if the climate became warmer.If the bunnies living in a temperate field environment were to experience a climate change that made their environment more like a tundra (colder), which bunnies would be most likely to survive? The bunnies that have the traits for fur, cold tolerance, and high fat storage effectiveness would be more likely to survive if the climate became cooler. If a tropical grassland became very dry and more like a desert, which bunnies would be most likely to survive? The bunnies that have the trait for high fat storage effectiveness and fast running would be most likely to survive if the tropical grassland became more desert like.Why do we call this activity the benefits of biodiversity? A more genetically diverse population will help the long-term survival of the population. If environmental conditions change, many individuals that were previously well-adapted may no longer be well-adapted. However, if variation exists within the population, others will be.What is the probability that a baby bunny will have long whiskers? 3 out of 4 or 75 %. Hint: Create a Punnett Square. 1DD: 2Dd: 1dd3 long whiskers: 1 short whiskersHow would the baby bunny change if one of the parents was homozygous dominant for all the traits while the other was heterozygous? Create a Punnett square. Only dominant characteristics would show up2BB: 2BbDay 4 – Human Body, Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction, and GeneticsGuiding QuestionsHow is structure related to function in human body systems?How do the offspring differ in sexual and asexual reproduction?What controls the inherited traits of individuals?How are dominant and recessive traits passed on to offspring?VocabularyEukaryote – cells have a nucleusProkaryote – cells do not have a nucleusHeterotroph – organisms that obtain energy by eating other organismsAutotroph – organisms that make their own foodHomeostasis - an organism or cell’s constant adjustment to maintain stable conditions within itself, despite changes in its environment. Asexual Reproduction – mode of reproduction - one parent/identical offspringSexual Reproduction – mode of reproduction - two parents/diverse offspringAllele – the different forms of a geneDominant – the trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is presentRecessive - is masked whenever the dominant allele is presentGenotype – Indicates the alleles that the organism has inherited regarding a particular traitPhenotype - The actual visible trait of the organismQuestions I still have:Important things to remember from today:Sexual reproduction makes diverse offspring, asexual reproduction makes clones of the parent or uniform offspringEvery body part has a structure that is related to function it carries outBody systems interact with each other Parents pass genetic material on to their offspringGenetic material found in the genes within the chromosomes in the nucleus control the inherited traits of individualsEnvironmental Changes 1. List three examples of long-term environmental changes.Volcanic eruption, deforestation, ice age2. List three examples of short-term environmental changes.Drought, hurricane, floods3. Which type of environmental change will most likely change the ecosystem permanently? Use an example to explain your answer.A volcanic eruption will change the ecosystem permanently. When a volcano erupts, it spews molten lava, rains down ash, and creates a blast wave that levels anything in its path. This destruction of an ecosystem surrounding the volcano will result in a permanent change to the ecosystem4. How can long-term and short-term changes change the genetic make-up of a population?Species will be forced to adapt, move, or become extinct. Species will attempt to survive in their new environment. Eventually the genetically stronger DNA/adaptations will have spread through the population changing their makeup until the next change.5. How can a population survive during a long-term environmental change? Explain why this is anisms can respond by migrating or showing adaptive traits due to genetic inheritance. This is helpful because it gives organisms the time necessary to facilitate change, and allows for those species to continue on stronger and better suited for their environment----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Down UpLeftRight →200NDown100NLeft0NNo Motion3NUp29NRight9NLeft4619625105410Formula Chart ChallengeUse the formula chart to answer the following questions.If you exert a force of 30N to push a desk 5 meters, how much work do you do on the desk?30N x 5 m = 150J461962571755If a muscle man does 120,000 J of work pushing his car 20 meters down the street, how much Force does he exert?120,000 = 6000N 204619625100965A truck has a mass of 2,000 kg. The driving force created by the engine is 3,000 N. Calculate the acceleration caused by this unbalanced force.3000N = 1.5m/s22000kg4743450159385A 60 kg dog walker is being pulled down the street by the dog she is walking. The force causes her to accelerate at 2 m/s2. Calculate the net force that causes this acceleration.60kg x 2 m/s2 = 120N4819650-171450You are in a car traveling an average speed of 60 km/h. The total trip is 240 km. How long does the trip take?240km = 4h60km/h 4743450102870An airplane travels 600 miles in 2.5 hours. What is the speed of the plane?600m = 240mph2.5h4629150203204 cm3 of a mystery substance has a mass of 3.2 grams. What is the density of the mystery substance?3.2g = 0.8g/cm34cm34630420117475The density of cork is 0.2 grams per cm3. If I have a cork with a mass of 0.4 grams, what would its volume be? 0.4 g = 2cm30.2 g/cm3Write the letter of the example above that best matches the energy described below.D 1. Low potential energy and low kinetic energyB 2. Low potential energy and high kinetic energyA 3. High potential energy and high kinetic energyC 4. High potential energy and low kinetic energy------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------What determines the gravitational potential energy of an object? HeightWhat determines the kinetic energy of an object? The speed of an objectDoes the kinetic energy of an object depend on the gravitational potential energy of an object? Use evidence to justify your answer. KE does not depend on GPE because an object with high GPE may have high KE or low KE and an object with low GPE may have high KE or low KEChemicalMechanicalElectricalThermalRadiant------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Energy Transformation Animations1.?In a portable stereo, electrical energy is changed to sound energy.2. When you burn wood in a campfire, chemical energy?is converted to thermal and light energy.3. In a computer monitor, electrical energy is changed to radiant energy and sound energy.4. Through the process of photosynthesis, radiant energy from the sun is changed to stored chemical energy.5. If you place a ball at the edge of a hill, and it rolls downhill, gravitational potential energy is changed to kinetic energy.6. In a flashlight, the chemical energy in batteries is changed to?electric energy and then to radiant energy.7. In a fan, electrical energy is changed to mechanical energy.8. When water held behind a dam is released, potential energy?is converted first to kinetic energy.9. At a hydropower facility, the kinetic energy of flowing water can be used to spin a turbine and power a generator, creating electrical energy.10. In a photovoltaic panel, the radiant energy of the sun is converted directly into electricalenergy11. In a car, the chemical energy in gasoline is burned to create heat energy, which is converted to mechanical energy.12. In a propane-powered chili roaster, chemical energy is burned to create thermal energy.13. ?In a modern wind turbine, mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy.14. A stove uses electric energy or chemical energy to create thermal energy.15. When we run, the chemical energy stored in our muscles is converted to mechanical energy.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EnergyWhat are the 5 most common forms of energy? Radiant, Thermal, Electrical, Mechanical, ChemicalWhat does the Law of Conservation of Energy state? Energy is never created or destroyed, but it can change from one form to anotherWhat do we call a change in energy from one form to another? Energy transformationDoes the total amount of energy change during an energy transformation? No, only the form of energy changesDay 5 and 6 – Force, Motion, and EnergyGuiding QuestionsWhat factors determine the amount of potential energy in an object?What factors determine the amount of kinetic energy in an object?What are the most common forms of energy?How does the Law of Conservation of Energy relate to energy transformations?How is net force calculated?How are balanced forces different from unbalanced forces?VocabularyGravitational Potential Energy – energy that depends on heightKinetic Energy – energy of motionLaw of Conservation of Energy – energy is not created or destroyed, it just changes formUnbalanced Force – all forces acting on an object are not equal = change in motionBalanced Force – All forces acting on an object are equal = no change in motionNet Force – the total forces acting on an objectQuestions I still have:Important things to remember from today:Unbalanced forces cause a change in the speed or direction of an object’s motionAn object with balanced forces acting on it will maintain a constant speed and directionEnergy is not created or destroyed it just changes formPotential energy is determined by height, kinetic energy is determined by speedChange in directionChange in speedChange in speedSpeed with directionSpeed with directionOnly distance and time are providedNo direction provided and unit is distance/timeSpeedSpeedVelocityVelocityAccelerationAccelerationAccelerationWhich animal has the fastest speed? Canadian gooseWhich animal travels 5 km in 15 minutes? Monarch butterflyHow far does the hummingbird travel in 60 minutes? 35 kmHow far does the hummingbird travel in 30 minutes? 17 kmWhat is the speed in km/hr of the monarch butterfly at 60 minutes? 0.33 km/min or 20 km/hrWhich of the following statements best describes the velocity of a migrating Canadian goose?The Canadian goose travels approximately 50km/hr to the southThe Canadian goose migrates to the north in the summer and to the south in the winterThe Canadian goose travels 48 km/hr during its yearly migrationThe Canadian goose travels approximately 15 km/hr faster than migrating hummingbirdsBetween which two points does the object stop? Points C and DBetween which two points does the object have the greatest speed? Points A and BDescribe and compare the motion of the object between Points A and B to Points B and C. From A to B the object is moving faster and forward. From B to C the object is moving slower in an opposite direction.At which points does the object change directions? The object changes directions at Point B and DCalculate the average speed at Point E. 3.75 m/sNewton’s 1st Law of Motionwhich statesuntilNewton’s First Law of MotionLaw of InertiaObjects in motionObjects at restStay in motionAnother force acts on themIs also calledStay at rest------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------While shopping for cars, it is important to consider their safety features. Three different car seats with headrests are pictured. Which car seat would be the safest if you were in a rear-end collision? Support your answer applying Newton’s first law of motion. Seat 3 - because its headrest is parallel to the back of the head. The headrest will apply a force to stop the back movement of the head, minimizing or preventing injury to the neck or spinal column.Newton’s 2nd Law of MotionA tennis racket hits a tennis ball, exerting a different amount of force on the ball during a tennis game.Which swing results in the greatest acceleration of the ball? Explain.Swing A has the greatest acceleration because it has the greatest force applied to it.Which swing results in the least acceleration of the ball? Explain. Swing C has the least acceleration because it has the least force applied to it.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A 10 N force is applied to each of these objects.Which object will have the greatest acceleration? Explain. The tennis ball would have the greatest acceleration because it has the smallest mass.Which object will have the least acceleration? Explain. The bowling ball would have the least acceleration because it has the largest mass. Mass and acceleration are inversely proportional.Which option best describes the object with the greatest force? A 15 kg mountain bike with an acceleration to 0.6 m/s2A 100 kg motorcycle with an acceleration to 0.09 m/s2 Both have the same force = 9N.Newton’s 3rd Law of MotionDescribe how Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion applies to the picture.The person applies a force to the boat and the boat applies a force on the person. The boat and the person move in opposite directions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Which Law AppliesIdentify the correct Newton’s law that relates to each statement by writing the number of the appropriate law. 3 1. Forces occur in action-reaction pairs 3 2. Balanced forces are equal in size but act in the opposite directions 1 3. The inertia of an object depends on its mass; the greater the mass, the greater the inertia 2 4. Acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the force exerted on the object 2 5. When the same amount of force is applied to two objects with different masses, the object with the greater mass has less acceleration 1 6. Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion 1 7. A stationary object will not move until a force great enough to overcome its inertia is exerted on the object 2 8. Unbalanced forces cause acceleration 3 9. When you walk on the ground, the ground exerts a force on your footPlate Tectonics Card SortType of BoundaryMotionLandform ExampleConvergentAleutian islands, Andes mountains, Himalayan mountainsDivergentMid-Atlantic ridge, Rift valleyTransformSan Andreas fault------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Plate Tectonics ModelWhat type of boundary is found at point A? What landform is created as a result of the boundary movement? Convergent, Volcanic IslandsWhat is occurring at point A? What is forming as a result of the movement? An oceanic plate is subducting under another oceanic plate, a trench is formedWhat type of boundary is found at point C? What landform is created as a result of the boundary movement? Divergent, Mid Ocean RidgeWhat is occurring at point D? What is forming as a result of the movement? An oceanic plate is subducting a continental plate – volcanic mountains, a trench is formed552450563245What type of boundary is found at point E? What landform is created as a result of the boundary movement? Convergent, Folded MountainsLetterType of Plate BoundaryPlate MovementLand Feature FormedExample LocationAConvergent→←Volcanic MountainsAndes MtnsBTransform↑↓Transform FaultSan Andreas FaultCConvergent→←Volcanic IslandsAleutian IslandsDDivergent←→Mid-Ocean RidgeMid-Atlantic RidgeEConvergent→←Folded MountainsHimalayan MtnsFConvergent→←Volcanic IslandsJapan------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Contour Map MatchingDraw a line connecting the contour map to the matching landform.1000125139700Parking Lot Investigation1990725273685What does the red food coloring represent? The red drops represent oil or gasoline that dripped from the cars and trucks that have parked there.What does the blue water represent? RainRecord your observations below:The blue water combined with the red drops and then the water flowed into the gravel and down into the area below the gravel.Is there evidence of surface water? On top of the container and anything that has not soaked into the gravel. Where is the groundwater located? The water collected in the outside container. What part of the model is a watershed? The entire modelCurrentsCurrent NameHemisphereOceanMovement of WaterWarm or Cold?CanaryNorthernEastern AtlanticFrom pole to equatorColdGulf StreamNorthernWestern AtlanticFrom equator to poleWarmPeruSouthernEastern PacificFrom pole to equatorColdE AustralianSouthernWestern PacificFrom equator to poleWarmKuroshinoNorthernWestern PacificFrom equator to poleWarmCaliforniaNorthernEastern PacificFrom pole to equatorColdBenguelaSouthernEastern AtlanticFrom pole to equatorColdBrazilSouthernWestern AtlanticFrom equator to poleWarmFronts SortType of FrontDescriptionWeather ConditionsWeather Map SymbolWarm FrontWarm air replaces cooler airLight to moderate rain; warmer more humid temperatures after frontal passageCold FrontAdvancing cold air replaces warmer airFrequent rain with possible thunderstorms. Cooler temperature and drier air after frontal passageOccluded FrontA warm front is overtaken by a cold frontSevere snowstorms in the northeastern USStationary FrontAir masses on either side of the boundary are not moving or are barely movingCloudy, overcast, some light showers or drizzle. Conditions do not change until another system moves through3048001778003095625149225----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Low PressureHigh PressurePressure AreasHigh or Low PressureSupport Your AnswerType of Weather: Clear, Dry Air or Cloudy, Moist AirAHighMoving from the outer isobar to the inner isobar, the air pressure increasesClear, dryBHighMoving from the outer isobar to the inner isobar, the air pressure increasesClear, dryCLowMoving from the outer isobar to the inner isobar, the air pressure decreasesCloudy, moist air----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Winds and Air Pressure-14605156845Weather MapsStation 1What are the weather conditions in Dallas, Texas? Under a high pressure system, there are clear skies, dry air, and temperatures of 90?F and above.What are the weather conditions in Denver, Colorado?Near a cold front with moist air, there is possible rain and temperatures in the high 70s. What are the weather conditions in Chicago, Illinois? Near a low pressure system and warm front, there are clearing skies and temperatures in the low 70s.Station 2Which part(s) of the country are experiencing low pressure? Texas and Florida have low pressure systemsWhich types of fronts are shown on the map? A cold front and stationary frontWhat type of front is located near Denver, Colorado? In what direction is the front moving? A stationary front is located near Denver. Stationary fronts do not move.What type of front is located near Dallas, Texas? In what direction is the front moving? A cold front is nearing Dallas, moving in a south, southeast directionHow will the weather in Dallas change in the near future? Rain is occurring before the front, and after the front passes, the skies will clearWeather Map InterpretationExplain why City B has clear sky conditions. City B is located near an area of high pressure. High pressure areas have clear skies.Which location is most likely experiencing rain and cloudy conditions?Location D is experiencing rain and clouds with the approaching cold frontIn which direction is the cold front moving? The cold front is moving south/southeast because that is the direction the barbs are pointing.Which location is most likely experiencing warmer temperatures and higher humidity? Location C is experiencing warmer temperatures and higher humidity because a warm front recently moved through the area. There is also a maritime tropical air mass in this area which has warmer, moister air.Should the “?” be replaced with an “H” or “L”? The air pressure symbol should be an “L” since low pressure is associated with most fronts.Where is the hurricane located? The hurricane is located off the eastern coast of FloridaDay 8 & 9 – Earth Systems and Oceans and WeatherGuiding QuestionsWhat is the driving force that causes plates to move?What motion occurs at each type of plate boundary?Which land features are formed at each type of plate boundary?How do weathering, erosion, and deposition effect the environment?What are ways that humans impact water quality?VocabularyConvection Current - The transfer of heat by currents of air or liquidSubduction - Occurs when one tectonic plate slides under another tectonic plateGroundwater - Water found below the surface of the earthSurface Water - Water found on the surface of the earthWeathering – Process of breaking rock into smaller piecesErosion - The movement of rock particles by Wind, Water, Ice, GravityDeposition - The settling of eroded particles or sediment wherever they are transported by wind, water, gravity or iceQuestions I still have:Important things to remember from today:Warm less dense air rises and cool more dense air sinks, creating convection currents in the atmosphereWind and ocean currents are caused by differences in temperatureThe sun provides the energy that drives convection currents within the atmosphere and oceans, producing winds and ocean currentsCold currents cause land nearby to be cooler and warm ocean currents cause nearby land to be warmerSeasons in the Northern HemisphereFallSummerSpringWinter----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Northern Hemisphere is having summer at Position A.It takes Earth 6 months to travel from Position A to Position C.As Earth moves around the Sun, the North Pole always points to Polaris. At Position D, the Sun’s most direct rays are striking the equator.The winter solstice for the Northern Hemisphere, which marks the first day of winter, occurs when Earth is located at Position C.Locations in the Northern Hemisphere have the longest periods of daylight at Position A.Earth’s motion of spinning on its axis is called rotation.Earth’s motion of traveling around the Sun is called revolution.One rotation takes one day.One revolution takes one year.Earth has seasons because earth is tilted 23.5? on its axis.Day 10 – Earth, Moon, and SunGuiding QuestionsHow does the rotation of the Earth cause day and night?How do the relative positions of the earth, sun, and moon determine the lunar cycle?Why do we have seasons?VocabularyWaxing – The light is on the right (the moon is “growing”Waning – The light is on the left (the moon is “shrinking”Rotation – Earth spins on its axis, which causes us to have a day and night in a 24 hour cycleRevolution – The Earth orbits the sun, which partially contributes to our seasons in a 365 day cycleQuestions I still have:Important things to remember from today:Earth's rotation on its axis causes day and nightThe tilt of the earth and its revolution around the sun cause seasonal changesThe relative positions of the earth, sun, and moon determine the sequence of events in the lunar cycle------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Periodic Table1. Shade in the group of elements that are called the Noble Gases. 2. Circle three elements that are classified as metals. 3. Draw triangles around three elements that are classified as metalloids.How many groups or families of elements are on the table? 18How many periods of elements are on the table? 7Element RiddlesI am in period 2 and belong to the same family as silicon. What am I?CarbonI have 7 valence electrons and have 2 more protons than phosphorus. What am I?ChlorineI am in Period 5 and have properties similar to my favorite cousin, gold. What am I?SilverI am the only element with no neutrons in my nucleus. What am I?Hydrogen I am the only element in Period 3 that has 8 electrons in my outermost energy level. What am I? Argon------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Metal, Nonmetal, or MetalloidCharacteristicsExamplesMetalsDuctile, Left Side, conduct heat, conduct electricity, malleableAgMetalloids Insulators, Semiconductors, on the steps, Si, B, GeNon-metalsLiquid, Gas, or Brittle Solid, not shiny, right side, do not conduct heatHe, OElement MisfitsFor each set of elements, determine how three are connected. Circle the word that does not belong with the other three. Explain why it does not belong with the other elements. Ex.Which is the misfit?Why?HydrogenAluminum is the misfit because it is a metal and the others are nonmetals. Aluminum is also a solid, while the others are gases.OxygenAluminumHeliumWhich is the misfit?Why?BoronBoron is the misfit because it is a metalloid and the others are metals.AluminumIronLithiumWhich is the misfit?Why?CalciumBromine is the misfit because it is a nonmetal and the others are metals. OR Silver is the misfit because it is in period 5 and the others are all in period 4.CobaltSilverBromineWhich is the misfit?Why?NeonOxygen is the misfit. It is not in the noble gas group. Oxygen has different properties because it has 6 valence electrons and the others have 8 valence electrons.OxygenArgonRadonWhich is the misfit?Why?NitrogenNitrogen is the misfit because it is not in the same group as the others; therefore, it has different chemical properties. Nitrogen is the misfit because it has 5 valence electrons and the others have 7 valance electrons.FluorineChlorineIodineElement or Compound?CompoundElementElementElementElementCompoundCompoundElementElementElementCompoundCompound-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------476257556533909008890CompoundsElementsOrganic or InorganicSubstanceOrganic or InorganicAmmonia – NH3InorganicChlorophyll – C55H72MgNO5OrganicSulfuric Acid – H2SO4InorganicEthanol – CH3CH2OHOrganicCaffeine – C8H10N4O5OrganicFertilizer – Ca2(PO4)2Inorganic------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Models of MatterSymbolName of Subatomic ParticleElectrical Charge ( + or -)Inside or Outside the NucleusNeutrons0InsideProtons+InsideElectrons-OutsideDoes the model represent an atom, a molecule, or both? The model represents a molecule containing three atomsDoes the model represent an element or a compound? The model represents a compound because it is made of more than one type of atomWhat are the names of the elements shown in the model? The elements are hydrogen and oxygenWhat is the chemical formula for the substance? H2OWhat substance does the model represent? Water3 7Lithium Li11Hydrogen H He Helium42----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Practice Writing Chemical FormulasWrite a Chemical Formula for the following compounds.Carbon dioxide = 1 atom of carbon + 2 atoms of oxygenCO2Calcium carbonate = 1 atom of calcium + 1 atom of carbon + 3 atoms of oxygenCaCO3Sulfuric acid = 2 atoms of hydrogen + 1 atom of sulfur + 4 atoms of oxygenH2SO4Hydrogen peroxide = 2 atoms of hydrogen + 2 atoms of oxygenH2O2Hydrochloric acid = 1 atom of hydrogen + 1 atom of chlorineHClSubstanceElements and AtomsTotal Number of AtomsH2OHydrogen – 2Oxygen - 136CO2Carbon - 6Oxygen - 12182(PO4)Phosphorus - 2Oxygen - 810C12H22O11Carbon – 12Hydrogen –22Oxygen - 1145C6H12O6Carbon - 6Hydrogen - 12Oxygen - 624NaClSodium - 1Chlorine - 123NH4Nitrogen – 3Hydrogen - 1215CaCl2Calcium - 1Chlorine – 233BaCl2Barium – 3Chlorine – 69Mg(OH)2Magnesium – 1Oxygen – 2Hydrogen - 25Cu2SCopper – 2Sulfur -13Pb(NO3)2Lead – 1Nitrogen – 2Oxygen – 69ZnCO3Zinc - 1Carbon - 1Oxygen - 35Al2(SO4)3Aluminum – 2Sulfur – 3Oxygen – 1217Count the AtomsExample: 5 ZnSO4Zn – (5x1=5)S – (5 x 1=5) O – 20 (5 x 4=20)30 total atoms Label the ReactionSubscriptYieldsCompoundElementCoefficient------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name That Part!Circle the reactants, draw a box around the products, draw an asterisk (*) above the coefficients, and underline the subscripts.CaCl2 + F2 → CaF2+ Cl2 Calcium chloridefluorine yields calcium fluoride chlorine4Al+3O2 →2Al2O3Aluminum oxygenyields aluminum oxideCH4+2O2 →CO2 + 2H2OMethane oxygenyields carbon dioxide waterIs it Balanced?ReactantsProductsEqual?Balanced?1 Sodium2 Oxygen2 Sodium1 OxygenNoNoNo!1. Na + O2 Na2O ReactantsProductsEqual?Balanced?1 Nitrogen4 Hydrogen1 Chlorine1 Nitrogen4 Hydrogen1 ChlorineYesYesYesYes!2. NH3 + HCl NH4ClReactantsProductsEqual?Balanced?1 Potassium1 Oxygen2 Hydrogen1 Bromine1 Potassium1 Oxygen2 Hydrogen1 BromineYesYesYesYesYes!3. KOH + HBr KBr + H2O ReactantsProductsEqual?Balanced?1 Rubidium1 Phosphorous3 Rubidium1 PhosphorousNoYesNo!4. Rb + P Rb3P 5. 4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 ReactantsProductsEqual?Balanced?4 Iron8 Sulfur22 Oxygen4 Iron8 Sulfur22 OxygenYesYesYesYes!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Modeling PhotosynthesisDraw a picture of your bead models of a water molecule and a carbon dioxide molecule below. Write the chemical formula for water and carbon dioxide below the molecule model. WaterCarbon DioxideChemical Formula: H2OChemical Formula: CO2What do the beads represent? atomsWhat do the groups of beads represent? Molecules or compoundsHow many molecules of water were you able to build? 6How many molecules of carbon dioxide were you able to build? A6How many elements are present? 3Use the table below to list the different elements used in your models and the total number of atoms of each element.ElementsNumber of atoms of each elementHydrogen12Oxygen18Carbon6What is the total number of atoms present in your molecule models? 36In Part 1, you have created the reactants used during photosynthesis. The chemical equation that represents photosynthesis is provided below. Write in the number of water molecules and carbon dioxide molecules you created. 6166During a chemical reaction, atoms of elements are rearranged to form new products. According to the chemical equation shown, what are the products of photosynthesis? Glucose and oxygenTake your carbon dioxide and water models apart and make as many glucose molecules as possible. How many glucose molecule models were you able to build? 1 Write in the number of glucose molecules in the chemical equation above.How many elements are in one molecule of glucose? 3How many carbon atoms are in one molecule of glucose? 6How many hydrogen atoms are in one molecule of glucose? 12How many oxygen atoms are in one molecule of glucose? 6How many oxygen molecules can you build using all of the remaining beads? 6 Write in the number of oxygen molecules in the chemical equation above.Reflection QuestionWere there any beads left over? No Explain why this is important. There must be the same number of atoms of each element on the reactant side of the equation as the number of atoms of each element on the product side of the equation to show that mass is conserved. This means no atoms were created or destroyed during the reaction, but rearranged to form new products.Chemical ChangesRead the following group responses to a class lab activity and use your knowledge of chemical changes in compounds to answer the concluding question.A teacher provides each student group with two test tubes: one containing a red liquid and one containing a clear liquid. Each group has the same two liquids. The teacher instructs students to combine the substances and determine if a chemical reaction occurs. The student groups report a conclusion to the class based on their findings.Group 1: “We believe a chemical reaction did not occur because the temperature decreased when we added the two substances together. There was not a change in color, and no gas was generated.”Group 2: “We believe a chemical reaction occurred because when we mixed the red substance with the clear substance, the clear substance turned red. There is a definite change in color.”Group 3: “We believe a chemical reaction occurred. There was not a color change, but there was a decrease in the temperature when the red substance and the clear substance were combined. Upon close inspection, we also noticed small amounts of a solid had formed at the bottom of the beaker.”Group 3 had the best conclusion that a chemical reaction formed because they noted that there was a change in temperature and the formation of a precipitate.Physical and Chemical Changes in DigestionIndicate whether the following is a chemical or physical change (P or C). P Chewing your food C Saliva mixing with your food P Your tongue breaking pieces of hamburger apart C In the stomach food mixes with gastric juices P Muscular action called peristalsis pushes and squeezes food through the esophagus C Pancreatic juices break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into simple substances in the small intestine P Muscle contractions churn and mix food in the stomach------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Day 12, 13, & 14 – Structure and Properties of MatterGuiding QuestionsWhat is the difference between an element and a compound?Based on the Periodic Table arrangement, how are the properties of elements used for classifying elements?What information about an element can be found using the Periodic Table? What is the location of protons, neutrons, and electrons?How can the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for an element be identified? What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?How is conservation of mass represented in a balanced equation?What indicates that a chemical reaction has occurred?VocabularyElement – a pure substance that can’t be broken down any furtherCompound – two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratioPhysical Properties – properties that you can observe without changing the substanceChemical Properties - properties that becomes evident during a chemical reactionElectron – Negatively charged subatomic particleProton – Positively charged subatomic particleNeutron – a subatomic particle that has no chargeElectron Cloud – Where we find electronsChemical Change – Substances are changed into new substancesPhysical Change – A change that affects the size, shape or color of a substance but does not affect its compositionReactant – The starting materials for a reactionProduct – What we end up with at the end of a reactionCoefficient - a number placed in front of a term in a chemical equation to indicate how many molecules are presentSubscript – the number of atoms in the preceding elementQuestions I still have:Important things to remember from today:The Periodic Table provides information about an element's atomic structure, atomic mass, and its propertiesVertical columns on the periodic table are called groups or familiesElements in the same group have similar physical and chemical propertiesHorizontal rows on the periodic table are called periodsProtons and neutrons are located in the nucleusAn element's identity is determined by the number of protons it contains*Valence electrons determine an element's chemical propertiesAtomic number = number of protonsMass number - atomic number = number of neutronsChemical reactions result in the formation of new substancesA balanced equation represents the Law of Conservation of MassFOUR TO MAKE THE SCORERead to Succeed! - Most students who fail tests like the STAAR do so because they don’t…READ!!!Eliminate! Eliminate! Eliminate! - Most of the questions have 2 answers that are obviously...WRONG!!!In A Rut, Go With Your Gut! - Studies have shown that the first answer that you think is right...IS PROBABLY CORRECT!!!When In Doubt, “C” it Out! - Don’t know what the heck they’re asking you…Pick one letter and stick with it!Use these 4 steps to ensure you make the score!Science STAAR – I know you are going to do awesome! You have put in a lot of hard work and it will pay off! Remember your test taking strategies and “Four to Make the Score”.- Ms. Lyons ................
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