Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration—the process by which cells break down food molecules to produce ATP under aerobic conditions.
3 stages of cellular respiration
• glycolysis
• citric acid cycle (a.k.a. Krebs cycle ( Hans Krebs)
• electron transport chain
Glycolysis—an anaerobic process (does not use oxygen).
Occurs in the cytoplasm
➢ Glucose is broken down into 3-carbon molecules called pyruvic acid.
➢ Produces only 2 ATP net. (4 are made but two are used up.)
Krebs cycle—an aerobic process (requires oxygen).
➢ Occurs in mitochondria
➢ Pyruvic acid is broken down and combined with other molecules.
➢ Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.
➢ Produces only 2 ATP, plus NADH and FADH2 (other energy containing molecules.)
Electron transport chain—an aerobic process
➢ Occurs in mitochondria (*cell membrane in prokaryotes)
➢ NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle go through a “chain” of reactions and combine hydrogen and oxygen to form water (H2O).
➢ Produces 32 ATP.
Fermentation—a process that can produce 2 ATP under anaerobic conditions (without oxygen.)
In animal muscles, fermentation makes lactic acid.
In some simple organisms (like yeast and bacteria), fermentation makes CO2 and alcohol.
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