English As a Second Language and English Literacy …
Ministry of Education
The Ontario Curriculum Grades 1? 8
English As a Second Language and English Literacy Development A Resource Guide
2001
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 PART 1. ESL/ELD PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
The Backgrounds of ESL and ELD Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Factors Influencing Second-Language Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Maintenance of the Student's First Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Acculturation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Stages of Second-Language Acquisition and Literacy Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Stages of Second-Language Acquisition for ESL Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Stages of Second-Language Acquisition and Literacy Development for ELD Students . . 9 Using the Stages of Second-Language Acquisition in Program Planning,
Program Development, and Assessment of Student Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Program Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Role of the School: Establishing School-Wide Supports for ESL and ELD Students . . 13
Reception and Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Initial Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Communicating Effectively With Parents of ESL/ELD Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Promoting an Inclusive and Supportive School Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The Role of the Classroom Teacher and the ESL/ELD Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Teaching Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The Role of Parents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Assessment, Evaluation, and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Reporting to Parents of ESL/ELD Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Completing the Provincial Report Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
This publication is available on the Ministry of Education's website at .
2
Further Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ESL/ELD Students in the Kindergarten Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ESL/ELD Students and the Secondary School Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ESL/ELD Students in the French As a Second Language Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 ESL or ELD Students Who Are Exceptional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 ESL/ELD Students and Technology in the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
PART 2. DESCRIPTIONS OF SKILLS AT THE FOUR STAGES OF SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND LITERACY DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
A. Stages of Second-Language Acquisition for ESL Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Grades 1 to 3 A1.1 Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 A1.2 Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 A1.3 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 A1.4 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 A1.5 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Grades 4 to 6 A2.1 Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 A2.2 Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 A2.3 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 A2.4 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 A2.5 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Grades 7 and 8 A3.1 Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 A3.2 Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 A3.3 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 A3.4 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 A3.5 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
B. Stages of Second-Language Acquisition and Literacy Development for ELD Students . . 43 Grades 1 to 3 B1.1 Oral Expression and Language Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 B1.2 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 B1.3 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 B1.4 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3
Grades 4 to 6 B2.1 Oral Expression and Language Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 B2.2 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 B2.3 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 B2.4 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Grades 7 and 8 B3.1 Oral Expression and Language Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 B3.2 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 B3.3 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 B3.4 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
PART 3. SAMPLE ADAPTATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS FOR SELECTED TEACHING UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Grade 1, Social Studies Heritage and Citizenship: Relationships, Rules, and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Grade 2, Science and Technology Structures and Mechanisms: Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Grade 3, Language Genre Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Grade 4, Mathematics Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Grade 5, Science and Technology Earth and Space Systems:Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Grade 6, Social Studies Canada and World Connections: Canada and Its Trading Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Grade 7, History British North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Grade 7, Geography Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Grade 8, Science and Technology Energy and Control: Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Grade 8, Language Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
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