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SPINAL CORD & INJURIESDr. Ayisha QureshiIn the space provided write the names of the Ascending & Descending Tracts of the Spinal Cord. ASCENDING TRACTSDESCENDING TRACTSAnterolateral system(Anterior & Lateral Spinothalamic Tract)(pain, temperature, crude touch, itch and tickle)Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus system(touch, 2-point discrimination, proprioception, pressure and vibration)Spinocerebellar (anterior & posterior)(proprioception, position and posture, movement of voluntary muscles)Spino-olivary(proprioception)Spinotectal(spinovisual reflexes)Spinoreticular (consciousness & awareness)Corticospinal Tract (anterior & Lateral) (voluntary motor movements)Vestibulospinal Tract (anterior & Lateral)(Regulate the anti-gravity muscles and are responsible for maintaining posture and balance)Reticulospinal Tract (Regulates posture and muscle tone)Tectospinal Tract (control of head & eye movements, in response to visual & auditory stimuli)Rubrospinal Tract (Controls voluntary movements of the distal group of muscles)Olivospinal Tract (reflex movements arising from proprioceptors)Label the ascending & descending tracts in the sketch below. Also label the anterior horn, posterior horn and the lateral horn. What are the contents of each horn? Complete the information required for the Tracts listed: TractOriginTerminationFunctionCrossover/ UncrossedDescending/ AscendingLATERAL CORTICOSPINALCerebral cortexAnterior horn of spinal cord on alpha motor neuronsVoluntary movements of the neck, trunk & upper limbCrossedDescendingRUBROSPINALRed nucleusAnterior horn of spinal cord on aloha motor neuronsMovement coordinationCrossed (at midbrain)DescendingSPINOTHALAMICFrom Cutaneous receptors & then enter the Spinal cordCerebral cortexPain, touch, temperature, light touch, itch & tickleCrossedAscendingDCMLFrom spinal cordCerebral Cortex & cerebellum (only for the proprioceptive fibers)Touch, Two-point discrimination, pressure, vibration& proprioceptionCrossedAscendingTECTOSPINALSuperior colliculusCranial nerve nuclei in Medulla & alpha motor neurons in spinal cordMovement of head & neck in response to visual & auditory reflexes.CrossedAscendingANT. SPINOCEREBELLARSpinal cordCerebellumProprioceptionSome crossed & some uncrossed.DescendingVESTIBULOSPINALVestibularNucleusAnterior horn of spinal cord on alpha motor neuronsMaintenance of upright posture & balanceUncrossedDescendingRETICULOSPINALReticular formationAnterior horn of spinal cord on gamma motor neuronsMuscle tone, postureSome crossed, some uncrossedDescendingDefine Upper Motor Neurons: are motor neurons arise from the cerebral cortex and the brainstem and synapse on the lower motor neurons (either directly or via local interneurons).Using the diagrams, show the location of the various diseases mentioned below:SYRINGOMYELIA It is a chronic disease of the spinal cord usually affecting the cervical part; it is characterized by the presence of fluid-filled cavities and gliosis in the spinal cord. There is destruction of gray matter of the anterior and posterior horns of the spinal cord but the fibers crossing in the anterior gray commissure may also be destroyedTABES DOSALIS It is a slowly progressive nervous disorder caused due to the degeneration of posterior (sensory) nerve roots. It usually occurs in syphilis.Posterior nerve roots are affected proximal to theposterior root ganglia. Ganglia are not affected. However, fibers in the Dorsal Column are also PLETE TRANSECTION OF THE SPINAL CORDComplete Transection can occur due to bullet injury, an accident causing dislocation of spinal cord or occlusion of blood vessels. The effects occur in three stages:1. Stage of spinal shock.2. Stage of reflex activity.3. Stage of reflex failure. ................
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