Lenin & Stalin
Lenin & Stalin
Lenin Rules Russia
Leaving WWI
Once in power, Lenin signed a peace treaty with _GERMANY____ that withdrew Russia from WWI, and briefly gave Germany vast amounts of Russian _LAND______.
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War (1918 – 1921) was between the Communists (_REDS__), and those loyal to the Czar (_WHITES_), who wanted to keep their ________.
To crush the Whites, Lenin ordered the _ARREST AND EXECUTION_ of the Czar and his family. Soon after, _LENIN AND TROTSKY_ led the Red army to victory.
One Party Government
Instead of giving the people power, Lenin ruled as a __DICTATOR__.
The _COMMUNIST party became the only party, and the _CHEKA___, Lenin’s secret police, violently enforced his will.
Just like the Czars before him, anyone who opposed Lenin was _ARRESTED AND EXECUTED_.
Russian Economy
Just as promised, Lenin’s communist government took over all the means of __PRODUCTION_________: factories, banks, mines, railroads, farms, and shops.
Lenin’s communism was an economic __FAILURE_________. Since peasants knew their products would just be _TAKEN___ by the state, output across the country fell, and there was a great _FAMINE_________.
To fix the economy Lenin introduced his New __ECONOMIC__ Policy, which kept the government in control of banks and large industries but allowed _PRIVATE_____ ownership of ___SMALL___ businesses.
Also, peasants would be allowed to privately _OWN___ a small plot of land and sell their surplus crops for profit. This addition of PRIVATE OWNERSHIP__ saved the economy, and the standard of __LIVING_____ rose.
The Soviet Union
By 1922, Lenin’s new government brought much of the Czar’s old Russian Empire under its rule as the _SOVIET UNION___, or USSR.
The Soviet Union was made up of diverse peoples with _RUSSIA___, the largest republic, controlling the other states.
Power Struggle
Lenin’s death in 1922 caused a __POWER STRUGGLE_ between Red Army leader Leon Trotsky and Joseph _STALIN___, another popular young Communist leader.
Stalin won the power struggle, and to solidify his power he __EXILED____________ Trotsky from the Soviet Union in 1929.
In 1940 Stalin sent an assassin to find and kill Trotsky. The assassin entered Trotsky’s home in Mexico and murdered him with an __AXE___.
Stalin’s Soviet Union
Reign of Terror
Stalin set up a __TOTALITARIAN___________ state to maintain his power, and ruled through terror and brutality.
Totalitarianism - DEFINE THISictator regulates every aspect of citizens’ l
_GOVERNMENT_ replaced religion in the USSR. Christians and Jews were killed or exiled, churches were ___DEMOLISHED___ or turned into offices, and the _PRACTICE OF RELIGION__ was illegal.
Portraits of Lenin and Stalin replaced religious _PORTRAITS AND STATUES__, and schools were told to teach against the belief in ANY RELIGION.
In the 1930s Stalin launched several _CAMPAIGNS, in which thousands were accused of crimes against the government.
Those accused were given public __TRIALS_____ in Moscow, and then executed or sent to forced labor camps known as __GULAGS________, where few survived.
Historians estimate that during Stalin’s reign somewhere between _6-10____ million people died in the Gulags.
Five-Year Plans
Stalin’s main goal was to rapidly change the USSR from an agricultural to a modern ___INDUSTRIAL___ power. To do this he introduced a series of goals called _5 YEAR PLANS_.
Stalin put all economic decisions under __GOVERNMENT___ control, giving the Soviet Union a ____COMMAND___ economy.
_GOVERNMENT___ industries such as oil, steel, coal, railroads, mining, hydroelectric plants and the military were developed, while _CONSUMER____ goods were ignored. Though the standard of living remained low, Stalin successfully __STRENGTHENED THE MILITARY OF __ the USSR.
Collectivization
To raise money and increase farm production, Stalin forced peasants off their small privately owned farms and onto _COLLECTIVIZED FARMS__.
Collectives - DEFINEarge farms owned and operated by peasants as a group.
Most peasants were __AGAINST_____ collectivization, but Stalin had those who opposed him shot or sent to the gulags.
Some peasants __REBELLED_____ by growing just enough grain to feed themselves, so Stalin ordered the army take all of their grain.
Around 8 million died in Stalin’s __TERROR_ famine in the Ukraine, the Soviet Union’s “bread basket.”
Artistic Censorship
Stalin glorified his part in building the nation, and _CENSORED_______ artists by forcing them to create only positive images of him and life in the Soviet Union.
___SOCIALIST REALISM__ - artistic style showing soviet life, history, and Stalin in a positive light.
-----------------------
Spent
time in _WESTERNEUROPE
before the revolution.
Became _LEADER of Soviet Union.
Allowed some _PRIVATE_ business; let some peasants hold land.
Created a __COMMAND economy with all agriculture under government control; forced peasants to live on group farms.
Chief goal: to make the
Soviet Union into a
modern _INDUSTRIAL___ power
with all production under
government control.
Chief goal: to create a
_COMMUNISTsociety with production in the hands
of the people.
Used secret _POLICE to enforce
communism.
Wanted a _COMMUNIST_ revolution.
Standard of living _INCREASED___
for many workers and
peasants.
Standard of living DECREASEDfor most workers and peasants.
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