Graduate Degrees - Stanford University

Graduate Degrees

Graduate Degrees

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

For each Stanford advanced degree, there is an approved course of study which meets University and department requirements. The University's general requirements, applicable to all graduate degrees at Stanford, are described below. University requirements pertaining to only a subset of advanced degrees are described in the "Degree-Specific Requirements" section.

See the "Graduate Programs" section of each department's listing for specific department degree requirements. Additional information on professional school programs is available in the bulletins of the Graduate School of Business, the School of Law, and the School of Medicine.

ENROLLMENT REQUIREMENTS

Graduate students must enroll in courses for all terms of each academic year (Autumn, Winter, and Spring quarters or, for Law students, Autumn and Spring semesters) from the admission term until conferral of the degree. The only exception to this requirement occurs when the student is granted an official leave of absence. Failure to enroll in courses for a term during the academic year without taking a leave of absence results in denial of further enrollment privileges unless and until reinstatement to the degree program is granted and the reinstatement fee paid. Registration in Summer Quarter is not required and does not substitute for registration during the academic year. Students possessing an F1 or J1 student visa may be subject to additional course enrollment requirements in order to retain their student visas.

In addition to the above requirement for continuous registration during the academic year, graduate students are required by the University to be registered:

1. In each term during which any official department or University requirement is fulfilled, including qualifying exams or the University oral exam.

2. In any term in which a University dissertation/thesis is submitted or at the end of which a graduate degree is conferred, unless the student was registered the prior term.

3. Normally, in any term in which the student receives financial support from the University.

4. In any term for which the student needs to use University facilities. 5. For international students, in any term of the academic year (summer

may be excluded) for which they have non-immigrant status (i.e., a J-1 or F-1 visa).

Individual students may also find themselves subject to the registration requirements of other agencies (for example, external funding sources such as federal financial aid). Course work and research are expected to be done on campus unless the department gives prior approval for study in absentia.

LEAVES OF ABSENCE AND REINSTATEMENT

Graduate students who do not meet the requirement for continuous registration during the academic year must obtain an approved leave of absence, in advance, for the term(s) they will not be registered. The leave of absence must be reviewed for approval by the chair or director of graduate studies of the student's major department and, if the student is in the United States on a foreign student visa, by the Bechtel International Center. The granting of a leave of absence is at the discretion of the department and subject to review by the Office of the University Registrar.

New graduate students and approved coterminal students may not take a leave of absence during their first quarter. Coterminal students are required to register their first graduate quarter. However, new Stanford students may request a deferment from the department.

Leaves of absence are granted for a maximum of one calendar year. Leaves requested for a longer period are approved only in exceptional circumstances (for example, mandatory military service). An extension of leave (a maximum of one year) for students in master's programs or

for doctoral students is approved only in unusual circumstances. Extension requests must be made before the expiration of the original leave of absence. Leaves of absence for graduate students may not exceed a cumulative total of two years.

Students on leave of absence are not registered at Stanford and, therefore, do not have the rights and privileges of registered students. They

cannot fulfill any official department or University requirements during the leave period.

Students on leave may complete course work for which an `Incomplete' grade was awarded in a prior term and are expected to comply with the maximum one-year time limit for resolving incompletes; a leave of absence does not stop the clock on the time limit for resolving incompletes.

When a student is granted a leave of absence after the beginning of the term, courses in which the student was enrolled after the drop deadline

appear on the student's transcript and show the symbol `W' (withdrew). Students who fail to be either enrolled by the study list deadline or ap-

proved for a leave of absence by the start of a term are required to apply

for reinstatement through the Graduate Admissions Office before they can return to the same degree program. The decision to approve or deny reinstatement is made by the student's department or program. Depart-

ments are not obliged to approve reinstatements of students. Reinstatement decisions are made at the discretion of the department or the program and may be based on the applicant's academic status when last enrolled, activities while away from campus, the length of the absence, the perceived potential for successful completion of the program, and the ability of the

department to support the student both academically and financially, as well as any other factors or considerations regarded as relevant by the department or program.

Reinstatement information is available from the GraduateAdmissions Office. A fee is required. Reinstatement applications must be submitted prior to the first day of the term for which reenrollment is requested if the student is registering for courses.

Residency Policy for Graduate Students

Each type of graduate degree offered at Stanford (for example, Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy) has a residency requirement based on the number of academic units required for the degree. These residency requirements and the maximum allowable transfer units for each degree type are listed below.

The unit requirements for degrees can represent solely course work required for the degree or a combination of course work, research, and a

thesis or dissertation.Academic departments and schools offering degrees may establish unit requirements that are higher than the minimum University residency requirement, but they may not have a residency requirement that is lower than the University standard. In addition to the University's residency requirement based on a minimum number of units for each degree, the School of Medicine and the Graduate School of Business may establish residency requirements based on the number of quarters of full-time registration in which students are enrolled to earn a degree.

However, in no case may a student earn fewer units than the University minimum for each degree.All residency requirements are published in the Stanford Bulletin. Students should consult the Stanford Bulletin or their academic department to determine if their degree program has residency requirements that exceed the minimum.

Students eligible for Veterans Affairs educational benefits should refer to the Veterans Educational Benefits section of "Admissions and Financial Aid" above.

It continues to be Stanford University's general policy that units are applicable toward only one degree. Units may not normally be duplicated or double-counted toward the residency requirement for more than one

degree. Exceptions to this general policy for specified combinations of degree types may be approved by agreement of the Faculty Senate

and the deans of the schools affected, with review by the Committee on Graduate Studies.

Only completed course units are counted toward the residency

requirement. Courses with missing, incomplete, in progress, or failing grades do not count toward the residency requirement.

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GRADUATE DEGREES

Terminal Graduate Registration (TGR) is available to graduate students who have met all of the following criteria: (1) completion of the University's residency requirement; (2) completion of all course work required for the degree with grades recorded in all courses; (3) completion of any qualifying examinations or research work required by the school or department; (4) establishment of a reading committee for the dissertation; and (5) completion of any other requirements stipulated by the students' academic department.

This policy is effective for students who enter graduate programs

beginning in the Autumn Quarter of the 2001-02 academic year. (For information about the residency policy in effect for students who entered prior to Autumn Quarter 2001, see the Stanford Bulletin 2000-01.)

UNIVERSITY MINIMUM RESIDENCY REQUIREMENTS

FOR GRADUATE DEGREES

Degree Type

Minimum # of Units

Maximum Allowable External Transfer Units

M.A., M.S., M.F.A., M.L.A.

45

04

Engineer1

90

45

Ed.S.

90

45

M.B.A.

90

04

Ph.D., D.M.A.2,3

135

45

M.D.

235

90

J.D.

86 (semester)

30

M.L.S.

30 (semester)

04

J.S.M.

26 (semester)

04

J.S.D.

26 (semester)

04

L.L.M.

26 (semester)

04

M.P.P.

90

04,5

1. Units completed at Stanford toward a master's degree or accepted as transfer credit in an Engineering discipline may be used toward the 90-unit residency requirement for the Engineer degree.

2. Students in the Ph.D. programs in the Biomedical Sciences usually require substantially more than 135 units.

3. Up to 45 units completed at Stanford toward a master's degree or ac-

cepted as transfer credit may be used toward the 135 required for the

doctoral degree. At least 90 units of work at Stanford are necessary to complete the 135 units.

4. Students eligible for VeteransAffairs educational benefits should refer to the Veterans Benefits section of "Admissions and Financial Aid" above.

5. The M.P.P. (as well as the Masters of Arts in Public Policy) is awarded only as part of a joint degree program.

RESIDENCY REQUIREMENT IN COTERMINAL PROGRAMS

The University minimum requirements for the coterminal bachelor's/ master's program are 180 units for the bachelor's degree plus 45 (or higher departmental requirement, as determined by each graduate department) unduplicated units for the master's degree. The requirements for the coterminal program with dual undergraduate degrees are 225 units for the two bachelor's degrees, and 45 units for the master's degree. For the 45-unit University minimum for the master's degree, all courses must be at or above the 100 level and 50 percent must be courses designated primarily for graduate students (typically at least at the 200 level). Department requirements may be higher. Units for a given course may not be counted to meet the requirements of more than one degree, that is, no units may be double-counted. No courses taken more than two quarters prior to admission to the coterminal master's program may be used to meet the 45-unit University minimum requirement for the master's degree.

Tuition Rate for Graduate Engineering--The tuition rate for graduate Engineering is higher than for undergraduate programs. Students enrolled in a coterminal program in the School of Engineering begin to pay the higher graduate Engineering tuition rate after 12 full-tuition undergraduate quarters.

Coterminal students in the School of Engineering, with two undergraduate degrees, are assessed the graduate Engineering tuition rate in the quarter after they have been enrolled for 15 full-tuition quarters.

Engineering coterminal students would also start paying the graduate Engineering tuition rate if any undergraduate degree is conferred or if they are granted any graduate aid. Once charged under the graduate Engineering tuition schedule, the tuition will not revert thereafter to the undergraduate rate.

For additional information on the coterminal bachelor's/master program, see Coterminal Bachelor's and Master's Degrees in the "Undergraduate Degrees" section of this bulletin.

TRANSFER CREDIT FOR GRADUATE WORK DONE

ELSEWHERE

After at least one quarter of enrollment, students pursuing an Engineer, D.M.A., or Ph.D. may apply for transfer credit for graduate work done at another institution. Engineer candidates who also earned their master's at Stanford are not eligible for transfer residency credit, nor are any master's degree students.

Students enrolled at Stanford who are going to study elsewhere during their degree program should obtain prior approval of any transfer credit sought before their departure. (One semester unit or hour equals 1.5 quarter units.)

The following criteria are used by the department in determining whether, in its discretion, it awards transfer credit for graduate-level work done at another institution:

1. Courses should have comparable Stanford counterparts that are approved by the student's department. A maximum of 12 units of courses with no Stanford counterparts and/or research units may be granted transfer credit.

2. The student must have been enrolled in a student category which yields graduate credit. The maximum amount of credit given for extension and nonmatriculated (non-degree) courses is one quarter. No transfer credit is given for correspondence work.

3. Courses must have been taken after the conferral of the bachelor's degree. The only exception is for work taken through programs structured like the Stanford coterminal bachelor's/master's program.

4. Courses must have been completed with a grade point average (GPA) of 3.0 (B) or better. Pass grades are accepted only for courses for which letter grades were not an option and for which the standard of passing is `B' quality work.

5. Courses must have been taken at a regionally accredited institution in the U.S. or at an officially recognized institution in a foreign country. Courses taken at foreign universities must be at the level of study comparable to a U.S. graduate program.

The Application for Graduate Residency Credit is reviewed by the department and the Office of the University Registrar.

GRADUATE UNITS REQUIREMENTS

The University's expectation is that the units counted towards all graduate degrees are primarily in graduate courses. All units must be in courses at or above the 100 level and at least 50 percent of those must be courses designated primarily for graduate students (typically at least the 200 level). Units earned in courses below the 100 level may not be counted towards the minimum unit requirement for the master's degree. Department specifications for the level of course work accepted for a particular master's degree program may be higher than the University's specifications.

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General Requirements

POLICY ON MINIMUM PROGRESS REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS

The academic requirements for graduate students include timely completion of University, department, and program requirements, such as admission to candidacy, successful completion of qualifying exams, and so on. Graduate students must also meet the following standards of minimum progress as indicated by units and grades. (These standards apply to all advanced degree programs except the School of Business Ph.D.,

and the M.B.A., J.D., L.L.M., J.S.M., J.S.D., M.D., and M.L.A., which follow guidelines issued by the respective schools and are described in their respective school bulletins.)

Graduate students enrolled for 11 or more units must pass at least 8 units per term by the end of each term. Those registered for fewer than 11 units must pass at least 6 units per term by the end of each term, unless other

requirements are specified in a particular case or for a particular program. In addition, graduate students must maintain a 3.0 (B) grade point

average overall in courses applicable to the degree. Department requirements for minimum progress that set a higher stan-

dard for units to be completed, or a higher or lower standard for grade point average to be maintained, take precedence over the University policy; any such different standards must be published in the Stanford Bulletin.

Students identified as not meeting the requirements for minimum progress are reviewed by their departments to determine whether the problem lies with administrative matters such as reporting of grades or with academic performance. Students have the opportunity to explain any

special circumstances. Approval for continuation in the degree program is contingent on agreement by the student and department to a suitable plan to maintain appropriate progress in subsequent quarters. Dismissal of graduate students is addressed in separate guidelines.

Graduate students who have been granted Terminal Graduate Registration (TGR) status must enroll each term in theTGR course (801 for master's and Engineer programs or 802 for doctoral programs) in their department in the section appropriate for the adviser.An `N'grade signifying satisfactory progress must be received each quarter to maintain registration privileges. An `N-' grade indicates unsatisfactory progress. The first `N-' grade constitutes a warning. A second consecutive `N-' grade normally causes the department to deny the student further registration until a written plan for completion of degree requirements has been approved by the department. Subsequent `N-' grades are grounds for dismissal from the program.

The Childbirth Policy--Women graduate students, including students in professional schools, anticipating or experiencing a birth are eligible for an academic accommodation period of up to two consecutive academic quarters (in total) before and after the birth, during which the student may postpone course assignments, examinations, and other academic requirements. During this period, they are eligible for full-time enrollment and

retain access to Stanford facilities, Cardinal Care, and Stanford housing. Such students are granted an automatic one quarter extension of University and departmental requirements and academic milestones, with the possibility of up to three quarters by petition under unusual circumstances. Women graduate students supported by fellowships, teaching assistantships, and/or research assistantships are excused from regular TA or RA duties for a period of six weeks during which they continue to receive support. Students do not receive a stipend or salary if none was received previously, but are eligible for the academic accommodation period and the one quarter extension of academic milestones. For more information and a complete statement of the policy, see DoR/GSH/childbirth.html.

GUIDELINES FOR DISMISSAL OF GRADUATE STUDENTS FOR ACADEMIC REASONS

Admission to graduate programs at Stanford is highly selective. It is anticipated that every admitted student will be able to fulfill the requirements for the advanced degree. This document provides guidelines to be used in the unusual circumstance that a department must consider dismissal of a graduate student for academic reasons. These guidelines apply to all advanced degree programs except those in the schools of Law and Business and the M.D. program in the School of Medicine, which follow guidelines issued by the respective schools.

The principal conditions for continued registration of a graduate student are the timely completion of the University, department, and program requirements for the degree, and fulfillment of minimum progress requirements. The guidelines that follow specify procedures for dismissal of graduate students who are not meeting these conditions. In such cases, a departmental committee (hereafter "the committee"), whether the department's committee of the faculty or other committee authorized to act on the department's behalf such as the departmental graduate studies committee, will:

1. Where possible and as early as possible, warn the student, in writing, of the situation and deficiency. A detailed explanation of the reason for the warning should be provided.

2. Consider extenuating circumstances communicated by the student. 3. Decide the question of dismissal by majority vote of the committee (with

at least three faculty members participating in the committee's deliberation), and communicate the decision to the student in writing. 4. Place a summary of department discussions, votes, and decisions in the student's file. 5. Provide students the opportunity to examine their department files, if requested. 6. Provide students with information on their rights to appeal under the Student Academic Grievance Procedures. (These are included in the Stanford Bulletin.)

Careful records of department decisions safeguard the rights of both students and faculty.

ADDITIONAL SPECIFICS FOR DEGREES WITH

CANDIDACY

Before Candidacy--The committee may vote to dismiss a student who is not making minimum progress or completing requirements in a timely way before review for admission to candidacy. Before considering dismissal, the committee should communicate with the student (which may include a meeting with the student) concerning his or her academic performance and how to correct deficiencies, where such deficiencies are deemed correctable.

In a review for admission to candidacy, if the committee votes not to recommend the student for admission to candidacy, the vote results in the dismissal of the student from the program. The department chair, or Director of Graduate Studies, or the student's adviser shall communicate the department's decision to the student in writing and orally. The student may submit a written request for reconsideration. The committee shall respond in writing to the request for reconsideration; it may decline to reconsider its decision.

During Candidacy--When a student admitted to candidacy is not making minimum progress or not completing University, department, or program requirements in a timely manner, the student's adviser, the Director of Graduate Studies, or department chair, and other relevant faculty should meet with the student.Awritten summary of these discussions shall be sent to the student and the adviser and added to the student's department file. The summary should specify the student's academic deficiencies, the steps necessary to correct them (if deemed correctable), and the period of time that is allowed for their correction (normally one academic quarter). At the end of the warning period, the committee should review the student's progress and notify the student of its proposed actions. If the student has corrected the deficiencies, he or she should be notified in writing that the warning has been lifted.

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GRADUATE DEGREES

If the deficiencies are not deemed correctable by the committee (for example, the failure of a required course or examination, or a pattern of unsatisfactory performance) or if, at the end of the warning period, the

student has not in the view of the committee corrected the deficiencies, the committee may initiate proceedings for dismissal. The student shall

be notified, in writing, that the case of dismissal will be considered at an impending committee meeting. The student has the right to be invited to attend a portion of the scheduled meeting to present his or her own case; a student may also make this case to the committee in writing.

After full discussion at the committee meeting, the committee, without the student present, shall review the case and vote on the issue of dismissal. The student shall be sent a written summary of the discussion, including the committee's decision and the reasons for it. The student may submit a written request for reconsideration. The committee's response to the request for reconsideration shall be made in writing; it may decline to reconsider its decision.

CONFERRAL OF DEGREES

Upon recommendation to the Senate of the Academic Council by the faculty of the relevant departments or schools and the Committee on Graduate Studies, degrees are awarded four times each year, at the conclusion

of Autumn, Winter, Spring, and Summer terms. All diplomas, however, are prepared and awarded in Spring Quarter. Stanford University awards no honorary degrees.

Students must apply for conferral of a graduate degree by filing an Application to Graduate by the deadline for each term. The deadlines are published in the Time Schedule of Classes. A separate application must be filed for each degree program and for each conferral term. Applications are filed throughAxess, the online service which allows students to update their administrative/academic records.

Requests for conferral are reviewed by the Office of the University Registrar and the student's department to verify completion of degree requirements. Students must be registered in the term of degree conferral.

Students with unmet financial obligations resulting in the placement of a hold on their registration cannot receive a transcript, statement of comple-

tion, degree certificate, or diploma until the hold is released by the Office of Student Financial Services.

Students are typically expected to apply to graduate during the term in which they expect to be awarded a degree. The University, however, reserves the right to confer a degree on a student who has completed all of the requirements for a degree even though the student has not applied to graduate; such an individual would then be subject to the University's usual rules and restrictions regarding future enrollment or registration.

Students who wish to withdraw a request for conferral or make changes

to the Application to Graduate should notify the Office of the University Registrar in writing. Students who withdraw their graduation applications or fail to meet degree requirements must reapply to graduate in a subsequent term.

CHANGES OF DEGREE PROGRAMS

Graduate students are admitted to Stanford for a specific degree program. Students who have attended Stanford for at least one term and who are currently enrolled or on an approved leave of absence may submit a

Graduate Program Authorization Petition to make one of the following changes: (1) change to a new degree program in the same department; (2) change to a new degree program in a different department; (3) add a new degree program in the same or a different department to be pursued

with the existing program. Coterminal students must have the bachelor's degree conferred before adding a second advanced degree program. Summer term enrollment is optional for students beginning a new degree

program in the Autumn term provided that they have been enrolled the prior Spring term.

It is important that the attempt to add or change degree programs be made

while enrolled. Otherwise, a newApplication for GraduateAdmission must be submitted and an application fee paid. The Graduate Program Authorization Petition is submitted directly to the department in which admission is requested. If applying for a higher degree program, students may also be

required to submit other application materials such as GRE Subject Test scores, a statement of purpose, or new letters of recommendation. Deci-

sions on the petitions are made by the programs or departments to which they are directed, and are at the discretion of those programs or departments.

International students changing departments or degree programs must also obtain the approval of the Foreign Student Adviser at the Bechtel International Center. If the requested change lengthens their stay, they also are required to submit verification of sufficient funding to complete the new degree program.

Students who wish to terminate study in a graduate program should submit a properly endorsed Request to Permanently Withdraw from Degree Program form to the Office of the University Registrar. To return to graduate study thereafter, the student is required to apply for reinstatement (if returning to the same degree program) or admission (if applying to a different program). Both applications require payment of a fee.

DEGREE-SPECIFIC

REQUIREMENTS

MASTER OF ARTS AND MASTER OF SCIENCE

In addition to completing the general requirements for advanced degrees and the requirements specified by their department, candidates for a Master of Arts (M.A.) or Master of Science (M.S.) degree must complete their degree requirements within the time limit specified below and must outline an acceptable program of study on the Master's Degree Program Proposal.

MASTER'S PROGRAM PROPOSAL

Students pursuing an M.A., M.F.A., or M.S. are required to submit an acceptable program proposal to their department during the first quarter of enrollment. Coterminal students must submit the proposal during the first quarter after admission to the coterminal program. The program proposal establishes a student's individual program of study to meet University and department degree requirements. Students must amend the proposal formally if their plans for meeting degree requirements change.

In reviewing the program proposal or any subsequent amendment to it, the department confirms that the course of study proposed by the student fulfills all department course requirements (for example, requirements specifying total number of units, course levels, particular courses, sequences, or substitutes). The department confirms that all other department requirements (for example, required projects, foreign language proficiency, or qualifying exams) are listed on the form and that all general University requirements (minimum units, residency, and so on) for the master's degree will be met through the proposed program of study.

TIME LIMIT FOR COMPLETION OF THE MASTER'S DEGREE

All requirements for a master's degree must be completed within three years after the student's first term of enrollment in the master's program (five years for Honors Cooperative students). Students pursuing a coterminal master's degree must complete their requirements within three years of their first quarter of graduate standing.

The time limit is not automatically extended by a student's leave of absence. All requests for extension, whether prompted by a leave or some other circumstance, must be filed by the student before the conclusion of the program's time limit. Departments are not obliged to grant an extension. The maximum extension is one additional year. Extensions require review of academic progress and any other factors regarded as relevant by the department, and approval by the department; such approval is at the department's discretion.

MASTER IN PUBLIC POLICY AND MASTER OF ARTS IN PUBLIC POLICY

The Master in Public Policy (M.P.P.), a two-year program leading to a professional degree, and the Master of Arts in Public Policy (M.A.P.P.), a one-year program not intended as a professional degree, are awarded only as part of a joint degree program. See the "Public Policy Program" section of this bulletin for details.

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SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES Degree-Specific Requirements

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

The degree of Master of BusinessAdministration (M.B.A.) is conferred on candidates who have satisfied the requirements established by the faculty of the Graduate School of Business and the general requirements for advanced degrees. Full particulars concerning the school requirements are found in the Graduate School of Business M.B.A. Handbook. The M.B.A. must be completed within the time limit for completion of the master's degree.

MASTER OF FINE ARTS

In addition to completing the general requirements for advanced degrees and the program requirements specified in the "Art andArt History" section of this bulletin, candidates for the degree of Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.) must fulfill the requirements for a master's program proposal and complete their degrees within the time limit for completion of the master's degree, as specified above.

ENGINEER

In addition to completing the general requirements for advanced degrees and the requirements specified by their department, candidates for the degree of Engineer must be admitted to candidacy and must complete a thesis per the specifications below.

CANDIDACY

TheApplication for Candidacy for Degree of Engineer is an agreement between the student and the department on a specific program of study to fulfill degree requirements. Students must apply for candidacy by the end of the second quarter of the program. Honors Cooperative students must apply by the end of the fourth quarter of the program. Candidacy is valid for five calendar years.

THESIS

A University thesis is required for the Engineer degree. Standards for professional presentation of the thesis have been established by the Committee on Graduate Studies and are detailed in Directions for Preparing Theses for Engineer Degrees, available from the Office of the University Registrar, 630 Serra Street, Suite 120.

The deadline for submission of theses for degree conferral in each term is specified by the University academic calendar. Three copies of the thesis, bearing the approval of the adviser under whose supervision it was prepared, must be submitted to the Office of the University Registrar before the quarterly deadline listed on the University academic calendar. A fee is charged for binding copies of the thesis.

Course enrollment is required for the term, or the immediately preceding term, in which the thesis is submitted. The period between the last day of final exams of one term and the first day of the subsequent term is considered an extension of the earlier term. Students submitting a thesis during this period would meet the registration requirement but would be eligible for degree conferral only in the subsequent term.

MASTER OF LEGAL STUDIES

Admission to study for the Master of Legal Studies degree (M.L.S.), a nonprofessional degree, is granted to students who hold the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or other nonlaw doctoral degree, or who have been admitted to a nonlaw doctoral program and have completed a program of study amounting to 45 quarter units or 30 term units of work toward the doctorate, and who meet an admission standard equivalent to that required of candidates for the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree.

The M.L.S. degree is conferred upon candidates who, in not fewer than two academic terms in residence and in not more than two consecutive academic years, successfully complete 30 term units of work in the School of Law, including three first-year courses in the firstAutumn term and at least one course or seminar requiring a research paper. All work shall conform to the rules and regulations of the University and the School of Law.

MASTER OF LAWS

The degree of Master of Laws (L.L.M.) is conferred upon candidates who have completed one academic year (26 semester units) in residence in accordance with the rules of the University and the School of Law. The degree is designed for foreign graduate students trained in law and is available only to students with a primary law degree earned outside the United States. The L.L.M. program offers students a choice of two areas of specialization: Corporate Governance and Practice, or Law, Science, and Technology.

MASTER OF THE SCIENCE OF LAW

The degree of Master of the Science of Law (J.S.M.) is conferred upon candidates who have completed one academic year (26 term units) with distinction in accordance with the rules of the University and the School of Law.

The degree is primarily designed for those qualified students who hold a J.D. or its equivalent and who are at the Stanford School of Law for independent reasons (for example, as teaching fellows) and who wish to combine work toward the degree with their primary academic activities. Specially qualified lawyers, public officials, academics, and other professionals who have worked outside the United States may apply for the degree through the Stanford Program in International Legal Studies (SPILS). Full particulars concerning requirements may be found at http:// law.stanford.edu/program/degrees/advanced.

DOCTOR OF JURISPRUDENCE

The degree of Doctor of Jurisprudence (J.D.) is conferred on candidates who satisfactorily complete courses in law totaling the number of units required under the current Faculty Regulations of the School of Law over not less than three academic years and who otherwise have satisfied the requirements of the University and the School of Law.

DOCTOR OF THE SCIENCE OF LAW

The degree of the Doctor of the Science of Law (J.S.D.) is conferred upon candidates who hold a J.D. or its equivalent, who complete one academic year in residence, and who, as a result of independent legal research, present a dissertation that is, in the opinion of the faculty of the School of Law, a contribution to knowledge. Such work and dissertation shall conform to the rules of the School of Law and the University, as described below in the "Doctor of Philosophy" section.

Candidacy is limited to students of exceptional distinction and promise. Full particulars concerning requirements may be found at . stanford.edu/program/degrees/advanced.

DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS

The degree of Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A.) is conferred on candidates who have satisfied the general requirements for advanced degrees, the program requirements specified in the "Music" section of this bulletin, and the candidacy requirement as described below in the "Doctor of Philosophy" section.

DOCTOR OF MEDICINE

Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) must satisfactorily complete the required curriculum in medicine. The requirements for the M.D. degree are detailed online at .

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

The degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is conferred on candidates who have demonstrated to the satisfaction of their department or school substantial scholarship, high attainment in a particular field of knowledge, and ability to do independent investigation and present the results of such research. They must satisfy the general requirements for advanced degrees, the program requirements specified by their departments, and the doctoral requirements described below. The option for a Ph.D. minor is also described below, though it is not a Ph.D. requirement.

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GRADUATE DEGREES

CANDIDACY

Admission to a doctoral degree program is preliminary to, and distinct from, admission to candidacy. Admission to candidacy for the doctoral degree is a judgment by the faculty of the student's potential to successfully complete the requirements of the degree program. Students are expected to complete department qualifying procedures and apply for candidacy by the end of their second year in the Ph.D. program. Honors Cooperative students must apply by the end of their fourth year.

The Application for Candidacy specifies a departmentally approved program of study to fulfill degree requirements, including required course work, language requirements, teaching requirements, dissertation (final project and public lecture-demonstration for D.M.A.), and University oral examination (for Ph.D.). At least 3 units of work must be taken with each of four Stanford faculty members.

If the Ph.D. student is pursuing a minor, approval by the department awarding the minor is also required on the Application for Candidacy.

TIME LIMIT FOR COMPLETION OF A DEGREE WITH CANDIDACY

All requirements for the degree must be completed before candidacy expires. Candidacy is valid for five years unless terminated by the department (for example, for unsatisfactory progress). The time limit is not automatically extended by a student's leave of absence. All requests for extension, whether prompted by a leave or some other circumstance, must be filed by the student before the conclusion of the program's time limit. Departments are not obligated to grant an extension. Students may receive a maximum of one additional year of candidacy per extension. Extensions require review by the department of a dissertation progress report, a timetable for completion of the dissertation, any other factors regarded as relevant by the department, and approval by the department; such approval is at the department's discretion.

TEACHING AND RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS

A number of departments require their students to teach (serving as a teaching assistant) or assist a faculty member in research (serving as a research assistant) for one or more quarters as part of their doctoral programs. Detailed information is included in the department sections of this bulletin.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE REQUIREMENT

Some departments require a reading knowledge of one or more foreign languages as indicated in department sections of this bulletin. Fulfillment of language requirements must be endorsed by the chair of the major department.

UNIVERSITY ORAL EXAMINATION

Passing a University oral examination is a requirement of the Ph.D. degree. The purpose of the examination is to test the candidate's command of the field of study and to confirm fitness for scholarly pursuits. Departments determine when, after admission to candidacy, the oral examination is taken and whether the exam will be a test of knowledge of the field, a review of a dissertation proposal, or a defense of the dissertation.

Students must be registered in the term in which the University oral examination is taken. The period between the last day of final exams of one term and the day prior to the first day of the following term is considered an extension of the earlier term. Candidacy must also be valid.

The University Oral Examination Committee consists of at least five Stanford faculty members: four examiners and the committee chair from another department. All members are normally on the Stanford Academic Council, and the chair must be a member. Emeritus faculty are also eligible to serve as examiners or chair of the committee. (A petition for appointment of an examining committee member who is not on the Academic Council may be approved if that person contributes an area of expertise that is not readily available from the faculty.) The chair of the examining committee may not have a full or joint appointment in the adviser's or student's department, but may have a courtesy appointment in the department. The chair can be from the same department as any other member(s) of the examination committee and can be from the student's

minor department provided that the student's adviser does not have a full or joint appointment in the minor department.

The University Oral Examination form must be submitted to the department graduate studies administrator at least two weeks prior to the proposed examination date. The examination is conducted according to the major department's adopted practice, but it should not exceed three hours in length, and it must include a period of private questioning by the examining committee.

Responsibility for monitoring appointment of the oral examination chair rests with the candidate's major department. Although the department cannot require the candidate to approach faculty members to serve as chair, many departments invite students and their advisers to participate in the process of selecting and contacting potential chairs.

The candidate passes the examination if the examining committee casts

four favorable votes out of five or six, five favorable votes out of seven, or six favorable votes out of eight. Five members present and voting constitute a quorum. If the committee votes to fail a student, the committee chair sends

within five days a written evaluation of the candidate's performance to the major department and the student. Within 30 days and after review of the examining committee's evaluation and recommendation, the chair of the student's major department must send the student a written statement

indicating the final action of the department.

DISSERTATION

An approved doctoral dissertation is required for the Ph.D. and J.S.D. degrees. The doctoral dissertation must be an original contribution to schol-

arship or scientific knowledge and must exemplify the highest standards of the discipline. If it is judged to meet this standard, the dissertation is approved for the school or department by the doctoral dissertation reading committee. Each member of the reading committee signs the signature page of the dissertation to certify that the work is of acceptable scope and

quality. One reading committee member reads the dissertation in its final form and certifies on the Certificate of Final Reading that department and University specifications have been met.

Dissertations must be in English.Approval for writing the dissertation in another language is normally granted only in cases where the other language or literature in that language is also the subject of the discipline. Such approval is routinely granted for dissertations in the Division of

Literatures, Cultures, and Languages, in accordance with the policy of the individual department. Dissertations written in another language must include an extended summary in English.

Directions for preparation of the dissertation are available from the Office of the University Registrar, 630 Serra Street, Suite 120, or at http:// registrar.stanford.edu/shared/publications.htm#GradStud. The signed dissertation copies and accompanying documents must be submitted to

the Office of the University Registrar on or before the quarterly deadline indicated in the University's academic calendar. A fee is charged for the microfilming and binding of the dissertation copies.

Students must either be registered or on graduation quarter in the

term they submit the dissertation; see "Graduation Quarter" below in this section of this Bulletin. At the time the dissertation is submitted, an Application to Graduate must be on file, all of the department requirements must be complete, and candidacy must be valid through the term of degree conferral.

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION READING COMMITTEE

The doctoral dissertation reading committee consists of the principal

dissertation adviser and two other readers. At least one member must be from the student's major department. Normally, all members are on

the Stanford Academic Council. The student's department chair may, in some cases, approve the appointment of a reader who is not on the

Academic Council, if that person is particularly well qualified to consult on the dissertation topic and holds a Ph.D. or equivalent foreign degree.

Former Stanford Academic Council members, emeritus professors, and non-Academic Council members may thus on occasion serve on a reading committee. If they are to serve as the principal dissertation adviser,

however, the appointment of a co-adviser who is currently on theAcademic Council is required.

6 | Stanford Bulletin, 2007-08

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