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ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN HERITAGE RESOURCE GUIDE

For Washington State K-12 Schools

The State of Washington

CAPAA

COMMISSION ON

ASIAN PACIFIC

AMERICAN AFFAIRS

501 South Jackson St, Suite 306

Seattle, WA

98104

Phone: (206) 464-5820

Fax: (206) 464-5821

Email: capaa@



Improving the lives of Asian Pacific Americans

A Publication By

State of Washington Commission on Asian Pacific

American Affairs Copyright ? 2001

ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN

HERITAGE

RESOURCE GUIDE

For Washington State K-12 Schools

Major Sponsors

Buty Building, Inc. Lowe's State of Washington Office of Minority and Women's Business Enterprises The National Asian American Telecommunications Association Starbucks Coffee The Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) Title II Funds, Teacher Quality Enhancement, Community Outreach, OSPI University of Washington Department of Asian American Ethnic Studies Washington Education Association Weyerhaeuser

Sponsors

Asian Pacific American Director's Coalition Asian Pacific Islander Coalition of Snohomish Eastside Asian Pacific Islanders Filipino American National Historical Society Filipino Community of Seattle India Arts Heritage Society InterIm Community Development Association International Examiner Korean American Professionals Society Organization of Chinese Americans Pacific American Executive Council Seattle Public Schools Wing Luke Asian Museum

May 2001

Copyright ? 2001. The Asian Pacific American Heritage Resource Guide is a publication of the State of Washington Commission on Asian Pacific American Affairs (CAPAA). Previously published materials are included in sections 1, 2, and 3 with permission from the authors and/or publisher. Reproduction of section 1, 2, and 3 materials from this Guide is subject to author and/or copyright holder permissions. Please contact the author and/or publisher directly for more information. Reproduction of sections 4-7 are permitted for classroom purposes with due credit to the CAPAA.

The State of Washington Commission on Asian Pacific American Affairs 501 South Jackson Street, #306 Seattle, WA 98104

Cover page photo credits in order from top, clockwise: Pacific Islander group, Miebeth R.Bustillo-Hutchins; Hmong couple, Dean Wong; Family portrait, University of Washington Libraries, Special Collection negative #521; South Asian man, University of Washington Libraries, Special Collection negative #15673; Dragon, Dean Wong; Carlos Bulosan, Filipino American National Historical Society.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ 3 Section 1--Asian/Pacific Americans in Washington: An Overview ............................................ 4

Overview of Settlement Patterns.................................................................................................... 4 Early Immigration Patterns............................................................................................................. 5 Economic Role .............................................................................................................................. 6 Exclusionary and Restrictive Legislation ........................................................................................ 9 Resistance and Community Development ................................................................................... 13 World War II................................................................................................................................. 17 PostWar Era ................................................................................................................................ 18 Asian/Pacific American Community ............................................................................................. 20 Section 2--Asian Americans: Concepts, Strategies, and Materials.......................................... 23 Problems with the Model Minority Concept .................................................................................. 23 Rapid Increases in the Asian American Population...................................................................... 24 Korean Americans ....................................................................................................................... 24 Asian Indian and Pakistani Immigrants ........................................................................................ 24 Southeast Asian Americans ......................................................................................................... 25 Asian Americans: A Diverse Group.............................................................................................. 25 The Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino Americans: Overview......................................................... 26 Chinese Americans...................................................................................................................... 28 Japanese Americans ................................................................................................................... 31 Filipino Americans ....................................................................................................................... 36 Teaching Strategies..................................................................................................................... 40 References .................................................................................................................................. 47 Annotated Bibliography................................................................................................................ 48 Books for Teachers...................................................................................................................... 48 Books for Students ...................................................................................................................... 53 Section 3--History Bursting with Telling: Asian Americans in Washington State................... 56 Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 56 Migration: Moving West to East ................................................................................................... 56 Labor: Building Lives in New Lands ............................................................................................. 57 Community: From Segregation, Identity....................................................................................... 58 Conclusion................................................................................................................................... 60 Related Materials/Outside Classroom.......................................................................................... 61 Classroom Activities .................................................................................................................... 64 Section 4--Asian Pacific American History: Selected Dates & Events..................................... 65 Section 5--Asian Pacific American Firsts................................................................................... 68 Section 6--Asian Pacific American Celebration Ideas............................................................... 71 Section 7--Resources .................................................................................................................. 72 APA Curriculum Development ..................................................................................................... 72 General Resource Information ..................................................................................................... 72 Cultural, General.......................................................................................................................... 72 Video Collections ......................................................................................................................... 74 Books .......................................................................................................................................... 74 Language Interpretation............................................................................................................... 74

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the Asian Pacific American Heritage Resource Guide--provided for your convenience by the Commission on Asian Pacific American Affairs (CAPAA). This Resource Guide is intended to help you in the curriculum development and integration of Asian Pacific American (APA) history in your teaching strategies.

What This Guide Offers. Section 1 to 3, "Asian/Pacific Americans in Washington: An Overview," "Asian Americans: Concepts, Strategies, and Materials," and "A History Bursting With Telling: Asian Americans in Washington State," respectively, offer ways of understanding broad themes around migration, labor, community development, political empowerment, identity, and citizenship and general concepts around cultural similarities and differences, discrimination, and the quest for equal treatment as they were and are experienced by APAs. Section 2 and 3 also offers developed curriculum ideas; books for teachers and students of primary, middle/upper, and high school levels; and recommend select videos and resources for the classroom. Latter sections give snapshots of APA history and APA pioneers, ideas on how to celebrate APA heritage month, which Washington State officially recognizes every May, and general resource contacts.

Meets Washington State Learning Goals. Section 1-5 are easily integrated to meet Washington State's Essential Academic Learning Requirements (EALRs) around Goals 1, 2, and 3. (See table below for examples of EALRs goals and objectives that would readily apply.) These standards, seen in a multicultural reality, call for a teaching and learning environment that prepare students to be academically, culturally and socially literate. The integration of APA history into the delivery of existing and new curricula will engage the natural intellectual curiosity of students and help prepare them to take on the challenges and opportunities of a complex and diverse state and nation. It will also help nurture a citizenry that will pursue a healthy and democratic society.

Washington State Learning Goals 1, 2, and 3 and Examples of Essential Academic Learning Requirements (EALRs)

GOAL 1--Read with comprehension, write with skill, and communicate effectively and responsibly in a variety of ways Reading EALR #2--The student understands the meaning of what is read. 2.1 comprehend important ideas and details 2.2 expand comprehension by analyzing, interpreting, and synthesizing information and ideas 2.3 think critically and analyze author's use of language, style, purpose, and perspective

Writing EALR #2--The student writes in a variety of forms for different audiences and purposes 2.1 write for different audiences 2.2 write for different purposes (telling stories, presenting analytical responses, persuading, explaining

concepts, etc.) 2.3 write in a variety of forms (narratives, journals, poems, essays, stories, research reports, etc.)

Communication EALR #3--The student uses communication strategies and skills to work effectively with others 3.1 use language to interact effectively and responsibly with others 3.2 work cooperatively as a member of a group 3.3 seek agreement and solutions through discussions

GOAL 2--Know and apply the core concepts and principles of mathematics, social, physical, and life sciences; civics and history; geography; arts; and health and fitness Social Studies/History EALRS #1--The student examines and understands major ideas, eras, themes, developments, turning points, chronology, and cause-and effect relations in U.S., world, and Washington State history 1.1 understand historical time, chronology, and causation 1.2 analyze the historical development of events, people, places, and patterns of life in U.S., world, and

Washington State history 1.3 examine the influence of culture on U.S., work, and Washington State history

GOAL 3--Think analytically, logically, and creatively, and to integrate experience and knowledge to form reasoned judgments and solve problems. EARLRs for Goal 3 are currently being developed.

Asian Pacific American Resource Guide 1

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