11/01/2008 - Wyoming Department of Transportation



CIRCULARU.S. Departmentof TransportationFederal TransitAdministrationFTAxe "FTA" \t "See also, Federal Transit Administration"xe "FTA" C 4220.1FNovember 1, 2008Rev. 1, April 14, 2009Rev. 2, July 1, 2010Rev. 3, February 15, 2011Rev. 4, March 18, 2013Subject:THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING GUIDANCExe "Guidance"PURPOSE. This circular provides contracting guidancexe "Guidance" for recipients of Federal assistance awarded by the Federal Transit Administrationxe "Federal Transit Administration" \t "See also, FTA"xe "Federal Transit Administration" (FTAxe "FTA") when using that Federal assistance to finance its procurements (third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s). This revision incorporates the new procurement provisions of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP 21), Pub. L., 112-141, July 2012, and includes the most current available guidancexe "Guidance" for the Federal public transportationxe "Public Transportation" program as of the date of publicationxe "Publication". CANCELLATIONxe "Cancellation". This circular cancels FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 4220.1E, “Third?Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing Requirements,” dated 06-19-03. AUTHORITY. Federal Transit Lawsxe "Federal Transit Laws", Title 49, United States Code, Chapter 53. WAIVERxe "Waiver" \t "See also, Exception"xe "Waiver". FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to waive any provisionxe "Provision" of this circular to the extent permitted by Federal lawxe "Law" or regulation. FEDERAL REGISTERxe "Federal Register" NOTICExe "Notice". In conjunction with publicationxe "Publication" of this circular, a Federal Registerxe "Federal Register" noticexe "Notice" was published on September 30, 2008 (73 FR 56896), addressing comments received during the developmentxe "Development" of the circular. AMENDMENTS TO THE CIRCULAR. FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to update this circular due to changes in other revised or new guidancexe "Guidance" and regulationsxe "Regulations" that undergo noticexe "Notice" and comment, without further noticexe "Notice" and comment on this circular. FTAxe "FTA" will post updates on our Web sitexe "Web site": . The Web sitexe "Web site" allows the public to register for notificationxe "Notification" \t "See also, Notify"xe "Notification" when FTAxe "FTA" issues Federal Registerxe "Federal Register" notices or new guidancexe "Guidance"; visit the Web sitexe "Web site" and click on “Sign-up for e-mail updates.” ACCESSIBLExe "Accessible"xe "Accessible" FORMATS. This document is available in accessiblexe "Accessible"xe "Accessible" formats upon request. To obtain paper copies of this circular as well as informationxe "Information" regarding these accessiblexe "Accessible"xe "Accessible" formats; telephone FTAxe "FTA"’s Administrativexe "Administrative" Servicesxe "Services" \t "See also, Service"xe "Services" Help Desk, 202-366-4865. Individuals with hearing impairments may contactxe "Contact" the Federal Relay Servicexe "Service" \t "See also, Services"xe "Service", 1-800-877-8339 for assistance with the call. James S. SimpsonAdministratorTHIRD PARTY CONTRACTING GUIDANCETABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER PAGEI.INTRODUCTION AND ROLE OF THE FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION PAGEREF CH_I \h I–11.The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) PAGEREF CH_I_1 \h I–12.Authorizing Legislation PAGEREF CH_I_2 \h I–13.How to Contact FTA PAGEREF CH_I_3 \h I–14.Background PAGEREF CH_I_4 \h I–25.Definitions PAGEREF CH_I_5 \h I–26.FTA’s Role PAGEREF CH_I_6 \h I–8II. APPLICABILITY PAGEREF CH_II \h II–11.Legal Effect of the Circular PAGEREF CH_II_1 \h II–12.Applicability of the Circular PAGEREF CH_II_2 \h II–13.Federal Laws and Regulations PAGEREF CH_II_3 \h II–84.State and Local Laws and Regulations PAGEREF CH_II_4 \h II–10III.THE RECIPIENT’S RESPONSIBILITIES PAGEREF CH_III \h III–11.Written Standards of Conduct PAGEREF CH_III_1 \h III–12Self-Certification PAGEREF CH_III_2 \h III–13.Third Party Contracting Capacity PAGEREF CH_III_3 \h III–14.Audit PAGEREF CH_III_4 \h III–75.Fraud PAGEREF CH_III_5 \h III–7IV.THE RECIPIENT’S PROPERTY AND SERVICES NEEDS AND FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS AFFECTING THOSE NEEDS PAGEREF CH_IV \h IV–11.Determining the Recipient’s Needs PAGEREF CH_IV_1 \h IV–12.Federal Requirements That May Affect a Recipient’s Acquisitions PAGEREF CH_IV_2 \h IV–3V.SOURCES PAGEREF CH_V \h V–11.Force Account PAGEREF CH_V_1 \h V–12.Shared Use PAGEREF CH_V_2 \h V–13.Joint Procurement PAGEREF CH_V_3 \h V–14.State or Local Government Purchasing Schedules or Purchasing Contracts PAGEREF CH_V_4 \h V–25.Federal Excess and Surplus Property PAGEREF CH_V_5 \h V–26.Federal Supply Schedules PAGEREF CH_V_6 \h V–27.Existing Contracts PAGEREF CH_V_7 \h V–48.The Open Market PAGEREF CH_V_8 \h V–9CHAPTER PAGEVI.PROCEDURAL GUIDANCE FOR OPEN MARKET PROCUREMENTS PAGEREF CH_VI \h VI–petition Required PAGEREF CH_VI_1 \h VI–12.Solicitation Requirements and Restrictions PAGEREF CH_VI_2 \h VI–23.Methods of Procurement PAGEREF CH_VI_3 \h VI–74.Eligible Costs PAGEREF CH_VI_4 \h VI–205.Incentive Costs and Payments PAGEREF CH_VI_5 \h VI–206.Cost Analysis and Price Analysis PAGEREF CH_VI_6 \h VI–207.Evaluations PAGEREF CH_VI_7 \h VI–228.Contract Award PAGEREF CH_VI_8 \h VI–23VII.PROTESTS, CHANGES AND MODIFICATIONS, DISPUTES, CLAIMS, LITIGATION, AND SETTLEMENTS PAGEREF CH_VII \h VII–11.Protests PAGEREF CH_VII_1 \h VII–12.Changes and Modifications PAGEREF CH_VII_2 \h VII–43.Disputes PAGEREF CH_VII_3 \h VII–54.Claims and Litigation PAGEREF CH_VII_4 \h VII–75.FTA Participation in Settlements, Arbitration Awards, and Court Awards PAGEREF CH_VII_5 \h VII–8APPENDICES APPENDIX AREFERENCES PAGEREF APP_A \h A–1APPENDIX BFTA REGIONAL AND METROPOLITAN OFFICE CONTACT INFORMATION PAGEREF APP_B \h B–1APPENDIX CTHIRD PARTY CONTRACTING CHECKLISTS PAGEREF APP_C \h VII–1APPENDIX DPROVISIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, REPORTS, FORMS, AND OTHER—MATRICES PAGEREF APP_D \h VII–1INDEX SUBJECT AND LOCATION IN CIRCULARCHAPTER IINTRODUCTION AND ROLExe "Role" OF THE FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONxe "Federal Transit Administration"THE FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONxe "Federal Transit Administration" (FTAxe "FTA"). FTAxe "FTA" is one of ten modal administrations within the U.S.?Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation" \t "See also, DOT"xe "Department of Transportation" (DOTxe "DOT" \t "See also, Department of Transportation"xe "DOT") and is headed by an Administratorxe "Administrator" who is appointed by the President of the United States. FTAxe "FTA" administers its programs and carries out its other activitiesxe "Activities" \t "See also, Activity"xe "Activities" through its headquarters officexe "Office" in Washington, DC, ten regional offices, and five metropolitan offices that assist public transportationxe "Public Transportation" agencies in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S.?Virgin Islands, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and in federally recognized Indianxe "Indian" \t "See also, Indian Tribe, and Indian Tribal Government"xe "Indian" tribal areas. Public transportationxe "Public Transportation" includes, but is not limitedxe "Limited" to, transportation by buses, subways, light rail, commuter rail, monorail, passenger ferry boats, trolleys, inclined railways, people movers, and vans. Public transportationxe "Public Transportation" may be either fixed-route or demand-response servicexe "Service". The Federal Government, through FTAxe "FTA", provides financialxe "Financial" assistance to develop new public transportationxe "Public Transportation" systems and improve, maintain, and operate existing systems. FTAxe "FTA" oversees thousands of federally assisted projects to hundreds of Statexe "State" and local public transportationxe "Public Transportation" providers, primarily through its ten regional offices. Each FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" is responsiblexe "Responsible" for managing its programs and projects in compliance with applicable Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements", and FTAxe "FTA" is responsiblexe "Responsible" for ensuring that recipients comply with those requirements. AUTHORIZINGxe "Authorizing" LEGISLATIONxe "Legislation". Most Federal transit lawsxe "Federal Transit Laws" are codified at 49?U.S.C.?Chapter 53. ?Authorizingxe "Authorizing" legislationxe "Legislation" is substantive legislationxe "Legislation" enacted by Congress that establishes or continues the legal operationxe "Operation" of a Federal program or agency. Congress has amendedxe "Amended" \t "See also, Amendment"xe "Amended" FTAxe "FTA"’s authorizingxe "Authorizing" legislationxe "Legislation" every four to six years. FTAxe "FTA"’s most recent authorizingxe "Authorizing" legislation, in effect for two fiscal years, is the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP 21) Pub. L. 112-141, July 6, 2012, however,xe "Legislation" it authorizes FTA programs for two years, from the beginning of Federal Fiscal Year 2013 through the end of Federal Fiscal Year 2014. Revisions to this edition of the circular encompass the xe "SAFETEA-LU"MAP-21changes to Federal transit lawxe "Law" and changes required by other laws that have become effective since FTAxe "FTA" last issued this circular in 2003. HOW TO CONTACTxe "Contact" FTAxe "FTA". FTAxe "FTA"’s regional and metropolitan offices are responsiblexe "Responsible" for providing financialxe "Financial" assistance to FTAxe "FTA" recipients and overseeing the implementation of most FTAxe "FTA" programs. Certain programs, however, are the responsibilityxe "Responsibility" of FTAxe "FTA" headquarters. You should direct inquiries to either the regional or metropolitan officexe "Office" responsiblexe "Responsible" for the geographicxe "Geographic" area in which you are located. See, Appendix B for contactxe "Contact" informationxe "Information". For further informationxe "Information", visit the FTAxe "FTA" Web sitexe "Web site": or contactxe "Contact" FTAxe "FTA" headquarters at the following address and phone number: Federal Transit Administrationxe "Federal Transit Administration" Officexe "Office" of Communication and Congressional Affairs 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SEWashington, DC 20590Phone: 202-366-4043Fax: 202-366-3472BACKGROUNDxe "Background". Because FTAxe "FTA" awards a substantial amount of Federal assistance to support public transportationxe "Public Transportation" through its grants and cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement"s, Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" require FTAxe "FTA" to ensure that its recipients use that Federal assistance prudently and in compliance with all applicable Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". While FTAxe "FTA"’s enabling legislationxe "Legislation" includes several provisions governing recipientxe "Recipient" procurements financed with FTAxe "FTA" assistance (third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s), other government-wide Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" seek to ensure fair and economical procurements when Federal assistance is expended. DEFINITIONS. All definitions in 49 U.S.C. Section 5302 apply to this circular. The following additional definitions are provided: Approvalxe "Approval", Authorizationxe "Authorization", Concurrencexe "Concurrence", Waiverxe "Waiver" means a deliberate written statement (transmitted in typewritten hard copy or in an electronicxe "Electronic" format or medium) of a Federal Government official authorized to permit the recipientxe "Recipient" to take or omit an action required by the Grantxe "Grant" Agreement or Cooperative Agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement" for the Project, Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement", or this circular, which action may not be taken or omitted without that permission. Except to the extent that FTAxe "FTA" determines otherwise in writing, that approvalxe "Approval", authorizationxe "Authorization", concurrencexe "Concurrence", or waiverxe "Waiver" permitting the performancexe "Performance" or omission of a specific action does not constitute permission to perform or omit other similar actions. An oral permission or interpretation has no legal force, authority, or effectxe "Effect". Best Valuexe "Value"xe "Best Value" describes a competitive, negotiatedxe "Negotiated" \t "See also, Negotiate, and Negotiation"xe "Negotiated" procurement processxe "Process" in which the recipientxe "Recipient" reserves the right to select the most advantageous offer by evaluating and comparing factors in addition to costxe "Cost" or pricexe "Price" such that a recipientxe "Recipient" may acquire technical superiority even if it must pay a premium pricexe "Price". A “premium” is the difference between the pricexe "Price" of the lowest priced proposalxe "Proposal" and the one that the recipientxe "Recipient" believes offers the best valuexe "Value"xe "Best Value". The termxe "Term" “best valuexe "Value"xe "Best Value"” also means the expected outcome of an acquisition that, in the recipientxe "Recipient"’s estimation, provides the greatest overall benefit in response to its material requirements. To achieve best valuexe "Value"xe "Best Value" in the context of acquisitions for public transportationxe "Public Transportation" purposes, the evaluationxe "Evaluation" \t "See also, Evaluate"xe "Evaluation" factors for a specific procurement should reflect the subject matter and the elements that are most important to the recipientxe "Recipient". While FTAxe "FTA" does not mandate any specific evaluationxe "Evaluation" factors, the recipientxe "Recipient" must disclose those factors in its solicitationxe "Solicitation". Evaluationxe "Evaluation" factors may include, but are not limitedxe "Limited" to, technical designxe "Design", technical approach, length of deliveryxe "Delivery" schedules, qualityxe "Quality" of proposed personnelxe "Personnel", past performancexe "Performance"xe "Past Performance", and management planxe "Plan". This definitionxe "Definition" is intended neither to limit nor to dictate qualitative measures a recipientxe "Recipient" may employ, except that those qualitative measures must support the purposes of the Federal public transportationxe "Public Transportation" program. Cardinal Changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change" means a major deviation from the original purpose of the work or the intended methodxe "Method" of achievement, or a revision of contract work so extensive, significant, or cumulative that, in effectxe "Effect", the contractor is required to perform very different work from that described in the original contract. Changexe "Change" Orderxe "Change Order" means an order authorized by the recipientxe "Recipient" directing the contractor to make changes, pursuant to contract provisions for such changes, with or without the consent of the contractor. Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s, for purposes of this circular, means: DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Uniform Administrativexe "Administrative" Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement"s to Statexe "State" and Local Governmentxe "Local Government"sxe "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements to State and Local Governments" \t "See also, Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients"xe "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements to State and Local Governments",” 49 CFR Part 18, which apply to Federal grants and cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement"s with governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s of Federal assistance including Indianxe "Indian" tribal governmentxe "Indian Tribal Government" \t "See also, Indian, and Indian Tribe,"xe "Indian Tribal Government"s, andDOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Uniform Administrativexe "Administrative" Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" \t "See also, Nonprofit"xe "Non-Profit" Organizationsxe "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit Organizations" \t "See also, Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients"xe "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit Organizations",” 49 CFR Part 19, which apply to Federal grants and cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement"s with non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s of Federal assistance. Constructive Changexe "Constructive Change"xe "Change" means an act or omission by the recipientxe "Recipient" that, although not identified by a “changexe "Change" orderxe "Change Order",” does in fact cause a changexe "Change" in the contract work. Contractxe "Contract" means a mutually binding legal relationship obligating the seller to furnish the supplies or services (including construction) and the buyer to pay for them. It includes all types of commitments that obligate the recipient to expenditure and that, except as otherwise authorized, are in writing. In addition to bilateral instruments, contracts include (but are not limited to) awards and notices of awards; job orders or task letters issued under basic ordering agreements; letter contracts; orders, such as purchase orders, under which the contract becomes effective by written acceptance or performance; and bilateral contract modifications. Contracts do not include grants and cooperative agreements covered by 31 U.S.C. 6301, et seq.Cooperative Agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement" means an instrument by which FTAxe "FTA" awards Federal assistance to a specific recipientxe "Recipient" to support a particular project in which FTAxe "FTA" takes an active rolexe "Role" or retains substantial control, as described in 31 U.S.C. Section 6305. Designxe "Design"-Bidxe "Bid"-Buildxe "Design-Bid-Build" Project means a constructionxe "Construction" project under which a recipientxe "Recipient" commissions an architect or engineer to prepare drawings and specifications under a designxe "Design" servicesxe "Services" contract, and separately contracts for constructionxe "Construction", by engaging the servicesxe "Services" of a contractor through sealed biddingxe "Bidding" or competitive negotiations to complete deliveryxe "Delivery" of the project. Designxe "Design"-Buildxe "Design-Build" Project, as defined in 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(d)(1), means (1) a project under which a recipientxe "Recipient" enters into a contract with a seller, firm, or consortiumxe "Consortium" of firms to designxe "Design" and build a public transportationxe "Public Transportation" systemxe "System", or an operable segment of such systemxe "System", that conforms to specific performancexe "Performance" criteriaxe "Criteria"; and (2) may include an optionxe "Option" to finance, or operate for a period of timexe "Time", the systemxe "System" or segment or any combination of designing, buildingxe "Building", operating, or maintaining such systemxe "System" or segment. Apart from the definitionxe "Definition" at 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(d)(1), a “designxe "Design"-buildxe "Design-Build" project” also means a constructionxe "Construction" project under which a recipientxe "Recipient" enters into a contract with a seller, firm, or consortiumxe "Consortium" of firms both to designxe "Design" and construct a public transportationxe "Public Transportation" facility that is the subject of the project. Electronicxe "Electronic" Commercexe "Electronic Commerce" \t "See also, E-Commerce"xe "Electronic Commerce" (E-Commercexe "E-Commerce" \t "See also, Electronic Commerce"xe "E-Commerce") consists of electronicxe "Electronic" techniques for accomplishing business transactions including electronicxe "Electronic" mail or messaging, World Wide Web internet technologyxe "Technology", electronicxe "Electronic" bulletin boards, purchasexe "Purchase" cards, electronicxe "Electronic" funds transfer, electronicxe "Electronic" signatures, and electronicxe "Electronic" dataxe "Data" interchange. Force Accountxe "Force Account" means the recipientxe "Recipient"’s own laborxe "Labor" forces and equipmentxe "Equipment", as discussed in this circular in the context of performing project work. FTAxe "FTA" means the Federal Transit Administrationxe "Federal Transit Administration". Full and Open Competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition" means that all responsiblexe "Responsible" sources are permitted to ernmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" means a recipientxe "Recipient" that must comply with the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" at 49 CFR Part 18. This includes a Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" or a federally recognized Indianxe "Indian" tribal governmentxe "Indian Tribal Government", as defined in this section of this Chapter. Grantxe "Grant" means the instrument by which FTAxe "FTA" awards Federal assistance to a specific recipientxe "Recipient" to support a particular project in which FTAxe "FTA" does not take an active rolexe "Role" or retain substantial control, as described in 31 U.S.C. Section 6304. Indianxe "Indian" Tribal Governmentxe "Indian Tribal Government" means the governing body or a governmental agency of any Indianxe "Indian" tribexe "Indian Tribe" \t "See also, Indian, and Indian Tribal Government"xe "Indian Tribe", band, nation, or other organized group or communityxe "Community", including any Native village as defined in Section 3 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlementxe "Settlement" Act, 43?U.S.C. Section 1602, certified by the Secretary of the Interior as eligiblexe "Eligible" for the special programs and servicesxe "Services" provided by him or her through the Bureau of Indianxe "Indian" Affairs. Joint Procurementxe "Joint Procurement" (sometimes informally referred to as “cooperative procurementxe "Cooperative Procurement" \t "See also, Joint Procurement and Cooperative Purchasing Program"xe "Cooperative Procurement"”) means a methodxe "Method" of contracting in which two or more purchasers agree from the outset to use a single solicitationxe "Solicitation" document and enter into a single contract with a vendor for deliveryxe "Delivery" of propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" in a fixed quantityxe "Quantity", even if expressed as a total minimum and total maximum. Unlike a Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" purchasing schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Purchasing Schedule" or contract, a joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement" is not drafted for the purpose of accommodating the needsxe "Needs" of other parties that may later choose to participate in the benefits of that contract. We recognize that some will use the termxe "Term" “cooperative procurementxe "Cooperative Procurement"” informally to refer to arrangements we designate as “joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement".” We also recognize that this may cause confusion with the very different arrangements for the U.S.?General Servicesxe "Services" Administrationxe "General Services Administration" \t "See also, GSA"xe "General Services Administration"’s (GSAxe "GSA" \t "See also, General Services Administration"xe "GSA") “Cooperative Purchasing Programxe "Cooperative Purchasing Program" \t "See also, Cooperative Purchasing Program"xe "Cooperative Purchasing Program"” and with similar Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" purchasing programs that the Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" might refer to as “cooperative.” Local Governmentxe "Local Government" means a county, municipality, city, town, township, local public authority (including any public and Indianxe "Indian" housing agency under the United States Housing Act of 1937) schoolxe "School" district, special district, intrastate district, council of governments (whether or not incorporated as a nonprofitxe "Nonprofit" \t "See also, Non-Profit"xe "Nonprofit" corporation under statexe "State" lawxe "Law"), any other regional or interstate government entity, or any agency or instrumentality of a local governmentxe "Local Government". This termxe "Term" does not include a local public institution of higher educationxe "Institution of Higher Education". Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" means the FTAxe "FTA" document incorporated by referencexe "Reference" and made part of FTAxe "FTA"’s standardxe "Standard" grantxe "Grant" agreements and cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement"s, that contains the standardxe "Standard" terms and conditions governing the administration of a project supported with Federal assistance awarded by the FTAxe "FTA". Modificationxe "Modification" means any written change to the terms of a contract.Non-Governmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" means a recipientxe "Recipient" that must comply with the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" at 49 CFR Part 19. This includes a public and private institution of higher educationxe "Institution of Higher Education", a public or private hospital, and any other quasi-public or private non-profitxe "Non-Profit" organization such as, but not limitedxe "Limited" to, a communityxe "Community" action agency, researchxe "Research" institute, educational association, and health center. FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to apply the requirements of 49 CFR Part 19 to a commercial organization, a for-profitxe "For-Profit" organization, a foreignxe "Foreign" or internationalxe "International" organization (such as an agency of the United Nations), and an individual. The termxe "Term" does not include a government-owned contractor-operated facility or researchxe "Research" center providing continued support for mission-oriented, large-scale programs that is government-owned or controlled, or is designated as a federally funded researchxe "Research" and developmentxe "Development" center. Project Laborxe "Labor" Agreementxe "Project Labor Agreement" \t "See also, PLA"xe "Project Labor Agreement" (PLAxe "PLA" \t "See also, Project Labor Agreement"xe "PLA") means an agreement between the contractor, subcontractors, and the union(s) representing workers. Under a PLAxe "PLA", the contractor, subcontractors, and union(s) working on a project agree on terms and conditions of employmentxe "Employment" for the project, establishing a framework for laborxe "Labor"-management cooperation to advance the buyer’s procurement interest in costxe "Cost", efficiency, and qualityxe "Quality". Propertyxe "Property", as used in this circular, includes real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property" consisting of landxe "Land" and buildings, structures, or appurtenances on landxe "Land", equipmentxe "Equipment", supplies, other expendable propertyxe "Property", intellectual propertyxe "Property", and intangible propertyxe "Property". Public Transportationxe "Public Transportation" means transportation by a conveyance that provides regular and continuing general or special transportation to the public, but does not include school bus, charterxe "Charter", sightseeing, or intercity busxe "Bus" transportation, or intercity passenger rail transportation provided by the entity described in 49 U.S.C. Chapter 243, AMTRAK, (or a successor to such entity). Recipientxe "Recipient" means the public or private entity to which FTAxe "FTA" awards Federal assistance through a grantxe "Grant", cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement", or other agreementxe "Other Agreement". The recipientxe "Recipient" is the entire legal entity even if only a particular component of the entity is designated in the document through which FTAxe "FTA" has awarded the Federal assistance. The termxe "Term" “recipientxe "Recipient"” includes “granteexe "Grantee",” which is a “recipientxe "Recipient"” of Federal grantxe "Grant" assistance. The termxe "Term" “recipientxe "Recipient"” also includes each member of a consortiumxe "Consortium", joint venturexe "Joint Venture", teamxe "Team", or partnershipxe "Partnership" awarded FTAxe "FTA" assistance through a grantxe "Grant", cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement", or other agreementxe "Other Agreement". For the purposes of this circular, “recipientxe "Recipient"” also includes any subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" or subgrantee of the recipientxe "Recipient". Furthermore, a recipientxe "Recipient" is responsiblexe "Responsible" for assuring that each of its subrecipients complies with the applicable requirements and standards of this circular, and that each of its subrecipients is aware of the Federal statutory and regulatory requirements that apply to its actions as a subrecipientxe "Subrecipient". Neither a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or nor a third party subcontractor is a “recipientxe "Recipient"” for purposes of this circular.Revenue Contractxe "Revenue Contract" means a contract in which the recipientxe "Recipient" or subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" provides accessxe "Access" to public transportationxe "Public Transportation" assets for the primary purpose of either producing revenues in connection with a public transportationxe "Public Transportation" related activityxe "Activity" \t "See also, Activities"xe "Activity", or creating business opportunities involving the use of FTAxe "FTA" assisted propertyxe "Property". Statexe "State" means a Statexe "State" of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, or any agency or instrumentality of a Statexe "State" exclusive of local governmentxe "Local Government"s. “Statexe "State"” does not include any public and Indianxe "Indian" housing agency under the United States Housing Act. Statexe "State" or Local Governmentxe "Local Government" Purchasing Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Purchasing Schedule" or Purchasing Contractxe "Purchasing Contract" means an arrangementxe "Arrangement" that a Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" has established with multiple vendors in which those vendors agree to provide essentially an optionxe "Option" to the Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government", and its subordinate government entities and others it might include in its programs, to acquire specific propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" in the future at established prices. These arrangements are somewhat similar to the GSAxe "GSA"’s Cooperative Purchasing Programxe "Cooperative Purchasing Program" available for Federal Government use. If, at a later date, the Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" permits others to use its schedules, the Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" might seek the agreement of the vendor to provide the listed propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" to others with accessxe "Access" to the schedules. In the alternative the Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" establishing the schedules might permit the vendor to determine whether or not it wishes to provide others the same contractual arrangementxe "Arrangement" it affords the Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" that has established the schedules.We recognize that some will use the termxe "Term" “cooperative” in referencexe "Reference" to these Statexe "State" and local programs, possibly because they are somewhat similar to GSAxe "GSA"’s “Cooperative Purchasing Programxe "Cooperative Purchasing Program".” These programs are distinct from “Joint Procurementxe "Joint Procurement"” as defined this Chapter. Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract" refers to a recipientxe "Recipient"’s contract with a vendor or contractor, including procurement by purchasexe "Purchase" orderxe "Purchase Order" or purchasexe "Purchase" by credit card, which is financed with Federal assistance awarded by FTAxe "FTA". Unsolicited Proposalxe "Unsolicited Proposal"xe "Proposal" means a proposalxe "Proposal" that is: Innovativexe "Innovative" and uniquexe "Unique", Independently originated and developed by the offerorxe "Offeror", Prepared without the recipientxe "Recipient"’s supervision, endorsement, direction, or direct involvement, Sufficiently detailed that its benefits in support of the recipientxe "Recipient"’s mission and responsibilities are apparent, Not an advance proposalxe "Proposal" for propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" that a recipientxe "Recipient" could acquire through competitive methods, and Not an offer responding to a recipientxe "Recipient"’s previously published expression of need or request for proposalsxe "Request for Proposals". Valuexe "Value" Engineeringxe "Value Engineering"xe "Engineering" means the systematic application of recognized techniques that identify the function of a productxe "Product" or servicexe "Service", establish a valuexe "Value" for that function, and provide the necessary function reliably at the lowest overall costxe "Cost". In all instances, the required function should be achieved at the lowest possible life-cycle costxe "Cost" consistent with requirements for performancexe "Performance", maintainability, safetyxe "Safety", securityxe "Security", and aesthetics. FTAxe "FTA"’S ROLExe "Role". Consistent with the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s’ directions to Federal agencies not to substitute their judgment for that of their recipients, FTAxe "FTA" does not substitute its judgment for that of its recipients by making third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" decisions for its recipients. FTAxe "FTA"’s rolexe "Role" in third party procurements complies with the principles of Executive Order No. 13132, “Federalismxe "Federalism",” August?4,?1999, 5 U.S.C. Section 601 note. The Executive Order directs Federal agencies to refrain from substituting their judgment for that of their Statexe "State" recipients unless the matter is primarily a Federal concernxe "Federal Concern" and, to the maximum extent feasible, to permit the States to establish their own standards rather than impose national standards. To ensure compliance with Federal procurement requirements applicable to FTAxe "FTA" projects, FTAxe "FTA" will continue to provide guidancexe "Guidance" and technical assistancexe "Technical Assistance" to its recipients consistent with its Federal oversightxe "Oversight" responsibilities. Reliance on the Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Self-Certificationxe "Self-Certification"xe "Certification". FTAxe "FTA" recognizes that most FTAxe "FTA" recipients have experiencexe "Experience" with the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing requirements of the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s. Therefore, FTAxe "FTA" will rely primarily on the recipientxe "Recipient"’s annual “self-certificationxe "Self-Certification"xe "Certification"” (usually submitted in the first quarter of each Federal fiscal year) that its procurement systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System" complies with FTAxe "FTA" requirements and that the recipientxe "Recipient" has the technical capacityxe "Technical Capacity"xe "Capacity" to comply with Federal procurement requirements. FTAxe "FTA" requests each recipientxe "Recipient" to “self-certify” its procurement systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System" as part of its Annual Certifications and Assurances. To preclude unnecessary delayxe "Delay" of recipientxe "Recipient" procurements, FTAxe "FTA" generally does not conduct preaward reviews of third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s or contract specifications as envisioned in the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s, 49?CFR?Section?18.36(g)(2) and 49?CFR?Section?19.44(e). Instead, FTAxe "FTA" relies heavily on the recipientxe "Recipient"’s self-certificationxe "Self-Certification"xe "Certification" of its procurement systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System". FTAxe "FTA", however, will reviewxe "Review" compliance with this circular as part of its routine oversightxe "Oversight" responsibilities. If FTAxe "FTA" becomes aware of circumstances that might invalidate a recipientxe "Recipient"’s self-certificationxe "Self-Certification"xe "Certification", FTAxe "FTA" will investigate and recommend appropriate measures to correct the recipientxe "Recipient"’s deficienciesxe "Deficiencies". Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract" Reviews. Although the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s authorizes FTAxe "FTA" to conduct preaward reviews, FTAxe "FTA" relies on the validity of the recipientxe "Recipient"’s self-certificationxe "Self-Certification"xe "Certification" rather than on preaward reviewxe "Review" of third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s as a whole (except for certain reviews of portions of rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" procurements). FTAxe "FTA" will rely on periodic, post-awardxe "Award" reviews to ensure that the recipientxe "Recipient" complies with Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" and standards. Should a recipientxe "Recipient" fail to self-certify its procurement systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System", however, FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to conduct preaward reviews as provided by the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s. Even if a recipientxe "Recipient" self-certifies its procurement systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System", the recipientxe "Recipient" still may request FTAxe "FTA"’s preaward reviewxe "Review" of specific procurements as part of FTAxe "FTA"’s technical assistancexe "Technical Assistance" program. Conversely, if FTAxe "FTA" seeks to reviewxe "Review" the recordxe "Record" of a particular procurement, the recipientxe "Recipient" must make its procurement documents available for FTAxe "FTA"’s preaward or post-awardxe "Award" reviewxe "Review". Procurement Systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System" Reviews. Under 49 U.S.C. Section 5307(i), a recipientxe "Recipient" may request the Secretary of Transportation to approve its procurement systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System", and FTAxe "FTA" may approve that procurement systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System" if it complies with Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". As required by 49?U.S.C. Section 5307(h), FTAxe "FTA" must perform reviews and evaluations of the Urbanized Area Formula Program, including full reviews and evaluations of the performancexe "Performance" of each recipientxe "Recipient" that implement Urbanized Area Formula projects, with specific referencexe "Reference" to the recipientxe "Recipient"’s compliance with statutory and administrativexe "Administrative" requirements. Accordingly, FTAxe "FTA" will perform procurement systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System" reviews as part of its on-going project oversightxe "Oversight" responsibilities and will perform procurement systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System" reviews for Urbanized Area Formula Program recipients that self-certify their procurement systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System"s. To assist the recipientxe "Recipient" in improving its procurement practices, FTAxe "FTA" may recommend certain “best practices.” In those situations, FTAxe "FTA" will identify its recommendations as “advisory.” For more informationxe "Information", see FTAxe "FTA"’s “Procurement Reviews,” guidancexe "Guidance" at the FTAxe "FTA" Web sitexe "Web site": "Oversight"/grants_financing_100.html. Audits. FTAxe "FTA" may perform, contract for, or instruct the recipientxe "Recipient" to obtain specific audits of particular third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s to determine whether payments were made in conformance with the terms of the contract, or for other purposes. Trainingxe "Training" and Technical Assistancexe "Technical Assistance". FTAxe "FTA" provides procurement trainingxe "Training" and technical assistancexe "Technical Assistance" at both regional and national levels by offering various instructional courses, by conducting regional technical assistancexe "Technical Assistance" conferences, and by providing assistance by a contractor as needed. Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement". From the inception of its electronicxe "Electronic" awardxe "Award" systemxe "System" in Fiscal Year 1995, FTAxe "FTA" has incorporated by referencexe "Reference" and made part of each FTAxe "FTA" grantxe "Grant" and FTAxe "FTA" cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement" a Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" that FTAxe "FTA" issues annually. Along with the standardxe "Standard" terms and conditions governing an FTAxe "FTA" assisted project, the most recent FTAxe "FTA" Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement", typically issued at the beginning of each Federal fiscal year, contains references to substantially all FTAxe "FTA" and other cross-cutting Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" that may apply to a federally assisted project. Several of these Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" must be included in third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s to the lowest tierxe "Tier" necessary, and others will have a direct or indirect effectxe "Effect" on the recipientxe "Recipient"’s third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s, and therefore should be included in those third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s. “Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual" \t "See also, BPPM"xe "Best Practices Procurement Manual"” (BPPMxe "BPPM" \t "See also, Best Practices Procurement Manual"xe "BPPM"). FTAxe "FTA"’s “Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual"” (BPPMxe "BPPM") provides suggested procedures, methods, and examples to advise a recipientxe "Recipient" how it might conduct its third party procurements in compliance with Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" and FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 4220.1F guidancexe "Guidance". These procedures, methods, and examples are based on the Federal acquisition processxe "Process", U.S. Comptroller Generalxe "Comptroller General" Decisions, and "Best Practices" of recipients of FTAxe "FTA" assistance and others in the industry, and FTAxe "FTA" encourages recipients to adopt them as needed. Although the BPPMxe "BPPM" can be a good resource for the recipientxe "Recipient" to use in conducting FTAxe "FTA" assisted procurements, it is not the sourcexe "Source" of any FTAxe "FTA" or Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" and, as such, is not binding on FTAxe "FTA" recipients although the underlying Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" from which the BPPMxe "BPPM"’s advice and recommendations are derived will apply. As such, the text of the BPPMxe "BPPM" is not and should not be treated as an official descriptionxe "Description" of any FTAxe "FTA" or Federal requirementxe "Requirement". Moreover, although FTAxe "FTA" does revise and update the BPPMxe "BPPM" periodically, FTAxe "FTA" cautions each recipientxe "Recipient" that relying solely on the BPPMxe "BPPM" may not ensure compliance with all applicable FTAxe "FTA" and Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". You can obtain accessxe "Access" to the BPPMxe "BPPM" at the FTAxe "FTA" Web sitexe "Web site": . Third Party Procurement Helplinexe "Helpline". This Helplinexe "Helpline" at the FTAxe "FTA" Web sitexe "Web site" provides another resource through which you may submit your third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing questions to FTAxe "FTA". To do so, accessxe "Access" the FTAxe "FTA" Web sitexe "Web site": . “Frequently Asked Questionsxe "Frequently Asked Questions".” To reviewxe "Review" the Frequently Asked Questionsxe "Frequently Asked Questions" pertaining to third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing, accessxe "Access" the FTAxe "FTA" Web sitexe "Web site": . FTAxe "FTA" Offices. You may also contactxe "Contact" your FTAxe "FTA" regional or metropolitan officexe "Office" or FTAxe "FTA"’s Officexe "Office" of Administration for assistance. You can find a listxe "List" of FTAxe "FTA"’s regional and metropolitan offices in Appendix B of this document. CHAPTER IIAPPLICABILITYxe "Applicability"LEGAL EFFECTxe "Legal Effect"xe "Effect" OF THE CIRCULAR. The Federal Transit Administrationxe "Federal Transit Administration" (FTAxe "FTA") has developed this circular to assist its recipients and their subrecipients in complying with the various Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" that affect their FTAxe "FTA" assisted procurements. FTAxe "FTA" considers this circular, in its entirety, to be a guidancexe "Guidance" document. While this guidancexe "Guidance" itself does not have the force and effectxe "Effect" of Federal lawxe "Law" or regulation, it does contain informationxe "Information" about Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" for which compliance is mandatory when applicable. As guidancexe "Guidance", this circular attempts to describe how a recipientxe "Recipient" or subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" of FTAxe "FTA" assistance can comply with those Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". In some cases, this guidancexe "Guidance" describes the single methodxe "Method" by which an FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" or subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" can comply with a specific Federal legal or regulatory requirementxe "Requirement". In other cases, Federal laws, regulationsxe "Regulations", and this guidancexe "Guidance" provide more flexibility. As guidancexe "Guidance", this circular also expresses FTAxe "FTA"’s preferences about how the procurements it supports should be undertaken. FTAxe "FTA"’s Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" reflects FTAxe "FTA" and the recipientxe "Recipient"’s agreement that FTAxe "FTA"’s third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing circular will apply to its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s. As a guidancexe "Guidance" document, this circular does not waive any requirements of Federal statutes or regulationsxe "Regulations" restated herein except as permitted by their terms. Because this circular is guidancexe "Guidance", FTAxe "FTA" is willing to consider methods of compliance with Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" other than those described therein. If a recipientxe "Recipient" identifies an alternative methodxe "Method" for complying with an applicable Federal statute and regulation, it may contactxe "Contact" FTAxe "FTA" before employing that methodxe "Method" to ensure that FTAxe "FTA" agrees with the alternative proposed. While FTAxe "FTA"’s prior concurrencexe "Concurrence" is not required, FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to decline to participate in the costs of third party procurements that fail to comply with Federal laws, regulationsxe "Regulations", or the terms of the recipientxe "Recipient"’s underlying grantxe "Grant" or cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement". APPLICABILITYxe "Applicability" OF THE CIRCULAR. Unless FTAxe "FTA" determines otherwise in writing, this guidancexe "Guidance" applies when the recipientxe "Recipient" uses FTAxe "FTA" assistance to support its procurements. Participants in FTAxe "FTA" Assisted Procurements. Whether and how the circular applies to a specific participantxe "Participant" in an FTAxe "FTA" assisted project depends on its relationship to the particular FTAxe "FTA" assisted procurement: Recipients of FTAxe "FTA" Grants or Cooperative Agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement"s. The circular applies to each FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" of Federal assistance, including each granteexe "Grantee" and recipientxe "Recipient" of Federal assistance under a cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement" or an “other agreementxe "Other Agreement"” (whether an individual entity or member of a consortiumxe "Consortium", joint venturexe "Joint Venture", teamxe "Team", or partnershipxe "Partnership") when it uses FTAxe "FTA" assistance for third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s. The extent to which the provisions of this circular apply to a recipientxe "Recipient" depends on whether the recipientxe "Recipient" is a Statexe "State" or other than a Statexe "State". States. When procuring propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" under a grantxe "Grant" or cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement", a Statexe "State" may use the same procurement policies and procedures that it uses for acquisitions not financed with Federal assistance. At a minimum, the Statexe "State" must comply with the federally mandated requirements on contract termxe "Term" limitations for revenue vehiclexe "Revenue Vehicle" purchases, competitionxe "Competition", prohibitions against geographicxe "Geographic" preferences, procurement of architecturalxe "Architectural" engineeringxe "Architectural Engineering" \t "See also, A&E"xe "Architectural Engineering"xe "Engineering" (A&Exe "A&E" \t "See also, Architectural Engineering"xe "A&E") servicesxe "Services", and awards to responsiblexe "Responsible" contractors. The Statexe "State" must also ensure that each purchasexe "Purchase" orderxe "Purchase Order" and contract financed with FTAxe "FTA" assistance includes all provisions required by Federal statutes and their implementing regulationsxe "Regulations". Governmental Subrecipientxe "Subrecipient"xe "Governmental Subrecipient"s of the Statexe "State". Each Statexe "State" and its governmental subrecipientxe "Subrecipient"xe "Governmental Subrecipient"s may use Statexe "State" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" for their third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s. Only those provisions of this circular and the sections of the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" \t "See also, Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements to State and Local Governments"xe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients", 49?CFR Part?18, applicable to the Statexe "State" will apply to procurements by the Statexe "State"’s governmental subrecipientxe "Subrecipient"xe "Governmental Subrecipient"s. Private Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Subrecipients of the Statexe "State". In contrast, the provisions of this circular and the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" \t "See also, Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit Organizations"xe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients", 49 CFR Part?19, will apply to a private non-profitxe "Non-Profit" subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" of a Statexe "State". Recipients and Subrecipients that are not States. This circular applies to third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors and subcontractors of all other FTAxe "FTA" recipients and their subrecipients, including regional public transportationxe "Public Transportation" authorities that are not a Statexe "State". Even though a recipientxe "Recipient" or subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" is not a Statexe "State", it may use its own procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures", if those procedures conform to applicable Federal lawxe "Law" and regulationsxe "Regulations", including the applicable Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule". Subrecipients of FTAxe "FTA" Assistance. This circular also applies to each subrecipientxe "Subrecipient", including each subgrantee (a typexe "Type" of subrecipientxe "Subrecipient"), under an FTAxe "FTA" grantxe "Grant" or cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement") that enters into contracts with other parties financed with FTAxe "FTA" assistance. Recipients of Both Federal Assistance Awarded by FTAxe "FTA" and Funds Provided by Another Federal Agency. An FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" that also uses funding provided by another Federal agency or agencies for a third party procurement also supported with FTAxe "FTA" assistance must comply with the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing requirements of both FTAxe "FTA" and each additional Federal agency providing Federal assistance. If compliance with all Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" is impossible, the recipientxe "Recipient" should notifyxe "Notify" \t "See also, Notification"xe "Notify" the FTAxe "FTA" Chief Counsel for resolution. If an FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" finances an acquisition with funding provided by another Federal agency but not with FTAxe "FTA" assistance, this circular would not apply to that procurement. Recipients of “Other Agreementxe "Other Agreement"” Assistance. For “other agreementxe "Other Agreement"s” authorized by 49 U.S.C. Section?5312(a) for researchxe "Research", developmentxe "Development", demonstrationxe "Demonstration", and deployment projects or by 49 U.S.C. Section 5312(b) for joint partnershipxe "Partnership"xe "Joint Partnership" projects for the deployment of public transportationxe "Public Transportation" innovation, this circular may be used as an initial starting point from which to consider the Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" and other provisions that should be adopted for the project, and the other standardxe "Standard" Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" that should be modified or waived to achieve FTAxe "FTA"’s and the recipientxe "Recipient"’s objectives. Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors and Subcontractors. Status. Neither third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors nor third party subcontractors are “recipients” or “subrecipients” for purposes of this circular. Consequently, third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors are not directly covered by this circular, the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s at 49 CFR Parts 18 and 19, or FTAxe "FTA"’s “Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual"” (BPPMxe "BPPM") in awarding their subcontracts. Effectxe "Effect" of Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". However, each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or and subcontractor is required to comply with the terms of its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" or subcontractxe "Subcontract", including requirements to extend those federally required clauses and provisions to its subcontractors at the lowest tierxe "Tier" required. For that reason, this circular, the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s at 49 CFR Parts 18 and 19, and the BPPMxe "BPPM" do provide useful informationxe "Information" to a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or and third party subcontractor about the constraints under which a recipientxe "Recipient" may enter into a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" financed with FTAxe "FTA" assistance. Project Typexe "Type"xe "Project Type"s and Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract"s. With limitedxe "Limited" exceptions, FTAxe "FTA"’s Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" reflects FTAxe "FTA" and the recipientxe "Recipient"’s agreement that FTAxe "FTA"’s third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing circular will apply to its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s. The extent to which this circular applies to a recipientxe "Recipient"’s contract depends on the character of that contract and the project which it supports. Capital Contractxe "Capital Contract"s. The provisions of this circular apply to most third party capital contractxe "Capital Contract"s except as listed below: Capital Contractxe "Capital Contract"s Financed Entirely Without Federal Assistance. Generally, the provisions of this circular do not apply to a recipientxe "Recipient"’s capital contractxe "Capital Contract"s that are unrelated to an FTAxe “FTA” assisted capital project and can be demonstrated to be entirely financed without FTAxe "FTA" assistance or other Federal funds. Artxe "Art". Procurements of artxe "Art" works and the servicesxe "Services" of artists are now included in this circular at Chapter IV, Subsection?4.g. These procedures are consistent with the procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" of FTAxe "FTA"?Circularxe "FTA Circular"?9400.1A, “Federal Transit Administrationxe "Federal Transit Administration" Designxe "Design" and Artxe "Art" in Transit Projects,” dated 06-09-95. FTAxe "FTA"’s “Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual"” still includes extensive non-binding suggestions and advice on procuring artxe "Art" works and the servicesxe "Services" of artists. FTAxe "FTA" also has a Web sitexe "Web site" dedicated to artxe "Art" issues at . Over-the-Road Busxe "Over-the-Road Bus"xe "Bus" Accessibility Program. Section 3038 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Centuryxe "Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century" \t "See also, TEA-21"xe "Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century" 1998 (TEA-21xe "TEA-21" \t "See also, Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century"xe "TEA-21"), as amendedxe "Amended" by Section?3039 of SAFETEA-LUxe "SAFETEA-LU", 49?U.S.C. Section?5310 note, authorizes the Over-the-Road Busxe "Over-the-Road Bus"xe "Bus" Accessibility Program to provide Federal assistance to private for-profitxe "For-Profit" companies for the incremental costs of wheelchairxe "Wheelchair" liftxe "Wheelchair Lift"xe "Lift" equipmentxe "Equipment" and the necessary trainingxe "Training" to implement DOTxe "DOT"’s accessibility requirements for over-the-road busxe "Over-the-Road Bus"es. FTAxe "FTA" has determined that the provisions of this circular and the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s do not apply to the acquisition of FTAxe "FTA" assisted propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" under that program. As a result, FTAxe "FTA"’s annual noticexe "Notice" of availabilityxe "Availability" of funds for that program does not refer to Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" procurement requirements or this circular. The provisions of this circular and the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" at 49 CFR Part 19, however, apply to any over-the-road busxe "Over-the-Road Bus"es and related equipmentxe "Equipment" for them acquired under another FTAxe "FTA" program. Real Propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property". Procurements of real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property" consisting of landxe "Land" and any existing buildings and structures on that landxe "Land" are generally beyond the scopexe "Scope" of this circular. Real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property" acquisition is addressed in DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Uniform Relocationxe "Relocation" Assistance and Real Propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property" Acquisition for Federal and Federally Assisted Programs,” 49 CFR Part 24, implementing the Uniform Relocationxe "Relocation" Assistance and Real Propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property" Acquisition Policies Actxe "Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act" of?1970, as amendedxe "Amended", 42?U.S.C. Sections?4601 et?seq., which provide protections for owners and lessees of real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property" to be acquired as part of an FTAxe "FTA" assisted project. More guidancexe "Guidance" is included in the most recent edition of FTAxe "FTA"?Circularxe "FTA Circular" 5010.1, providing “Grantxe "Grant" Managementxe "Grant Management"” guidancexe "Guidance" The third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing provisions of this circular, however, do apply to FTAxe "FTA" assisted constructionxe "Construction" of buildings, structures, or appurtenances that were not on landxe "Land" to be used for the project when that landxe "Land" was acquired. The third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing provisions of this circular also apply to any alterations or repairs to buildings or structures existing on that landxe "Land" when that landxe "Land" was acquired or made available for the FTAxe "FTA" assisted project. Operations Contracts. FTAxe "FTA" has reviewed its policies with respect to operations procurements undertaken by FTAxe "FTA" recipients and their subrecipients and has adopted the following policies: Operations Contracts Financed With FTAxe "FTA" Assistance. The provisions of this circular continue to apply to contracts in support of a recipientxe "Recipient"’s or subrecipientxe "Subrecipient"’s operations financed with FTAxe "FTA" assistance. Operations Contracts Financed Entirely Without FTAxe "FTA" Assistance. FTAxe "FTA" has determined that its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing requirements will not apply to operations contracts that recipients and their subrecipients finance entirely without FTAxe "FTA" assistance. Notwithstanding any other provisionxe "Provision" of this circular, however, a recipientxe "Recipient" that enters into third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s for operations or planningxe "Planning" must comply with the requirements of DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Participationxe "Participation" by Disadvantaged Business Enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise" \t "See also, DBE"xe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise"s in Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation" Financialxe "Financial" Assistance Programs,” 49 CFR Part 26, applicable to those contracts, regardless of how or whether it intends to use its FTAxe "FTA" assistance for contracts or other purposes. Specifically, a recipientxe "Recipient" required to have a Disadvantaged Business Enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise" (DBExe "DBE" \t "See also, Disadvantaged Business Enterprise"xe "DBE") program may not structurexe "Structure" its operations expenditures so that an unreasonable proportion of contracts that could be performed by DBEs are removed from its DBExe "DBE" program. Other Federal regulationsxe "Regulations" issued by FTAxe "FTA", DOTxe "DOT", or other Federal agencies may also apply to a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or, either directly as a covered entity or when the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or is expected to perform activitiesxe "Activities" on behalf of another entity or the Federal Government. Preventive Maintenancexe "Preventive Maintenance" Contracts. Third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s for preventive maintenancexe "Preventive Maintenance" are eligiblexe "Eligible" for FTAxe "FTA" capital assistance. This circular applies to a recipientxe "Recipient"’s preventive maintenancexe "Preventive Maintenance" contracts financed with FTAxe "FTA" assistance. If a recipientxe "Recipient" uses its FTAxe "FTA" assistance to support specific preventive maintenancexe "Preventive Maintenance" contracts that are separate and distinct from its other maintenance or operations contracts, and if, through its accounting procedures, a recipientxe "Recipient" can allocate and trace all its Federal assistance for capital preventive maintenancexe "Preventive Maintenance" to those separate and distinct preventive maintenancexe "Preventive Maintenance" contracts, this circular applies only to those specific FTAxe "FTA" assisted contracts. If, however, the recipientxe "Recipient" applies its Federal capital assistance for preventive maintenancexe "Preventive Maintenance" as a percentagexe "Percentage" of its total maintenance costs, and the recipientxe "Recipient" cannot allocate all of its Federal assistance for capital maintenance to specific preventive maintenancexe "Preventive Maintenance" contracts that are separate and distinct from its other maintenance or operations contracts, this circular applies to all the recipientxe "Recipient"’s preventive maintenancexe "Preventive Maintenance" contracts, even if specific maintenance or operations contracts were financed wholly without FTAxe "FTA" assistance. Revenue Contractxe "Revenue Contract"s. A revenue contractxe "Revenue Contract" is a contract in which the recipientxe "Recipient" or subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" provides accessxe "Access" to public transportationxe "Public Transportation" assets for the primary purpose of either producing revenues in connection with an activityxe "Activity" related to public transportationxe "Public Transportation", or creating business opportunities with the use of FTAxe "FTA" assisted propertyxe "Property". The recipientxe "Recipient" has broad latitude in determining the extent and typexe "Type" of competitionxe "Competition" appropriate for a particular revenue contractxe "Revenue Contract". Nevertheless, to ensure fair and equalxe "Equal" accessxe "Access" to FTAxe "FTA" assisted propertyxe "Property" and to maximize revenue derived from such propertyxe "Property", the recipientxe "Recipient" should conduct its revenue contractxe "Revenue Contract"ing as follows: Limitedxe "Limited" Contract Opportunitiesxe "Limited Contract Opportunities". If there are several potential competitors for a limitedxe "Limited" opportunityxe "Opportunity" (such as advertising space on the side of a busxe "Bus"), then the recipientxe "Recipient" should use a competitive processxe "Process" to permit interested parties an equalxe "Equal" chance to obtain that limitedxe "Limited" opportunityxe "Opportunity". Open Contract Opportunitiesxe "Open Contract Opportunities". If, however, one party seeks accessxe "Access" to a public transportationxe "Public Transportation" asset (such as a utility that might seek cable accessxe "Access" in a subway systemxe "System"), and the recipientxe "Recipient" is willing and able to provide contracts or licenses to other parties similarly situated (since there is room for a substantial number of such cables without interfering with transit operations), then competitionxe "Competition" would not be necessary because the opportunityxe "Opportunity" to obtain contracts or licenses is open to all similar parties. In the case of joint developmentxe "Development", as explained below, FTAxe "FTA" will work with the recipientxe "Recipient" to determine appropriate procedures, as necessary. Joint Developmentxe "Development". Many public transportationxe "Public Transportation" agencies form partnerships with the private sector in order to promote real estate developmentxe "Development" in and around transit facilities, which is often referred to as “joint developmentxe "Development".” Although FTAxe "FTA" joint developmentxe "Development" projects are primarily a means to provide private capital to transit projects, joint developmentxe "Development" projects combine aspects of federally assisted constructionxe "Construction" and revenue contractxe "Revenue Contract"ing. FTAxe "FTA" has published joint developmentxe "Development" guidancexe "Guidance", including third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing guidancexe "Guidance" in a “Noticexe "Notice" of Final Agency Guidancexe "Guidance" on the Eligibilityxe "Eligibility" of Joint Developmentxe "Development" Improvements under Federal Transit Lawxe "Law",” 72 FR 5788, February 7, 2007. Section VI of the Joint Developmentxe "Development" guidancexe "Guidance" addresses FTAxe "FTA"’s third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing requirements. Constructionxe "Construction" Contracts. This circular applies to FTAxe "FTA" assisted constructionxe "Construction" aspects of a joint developmentxe "Development" project. Revenue Contractxe "Revenue Contract"s. FTAxe "FTA" will work with the recipientxe "Recipient" on a case-by-case basis to craft approaches suitable for revenue contractxe "Revenue Contract"s as defined in this circular. FTAxe "FTA"’s concern is that procedures used satisfy Federal statutory and regulatory requirements for competitionxe "Competition" while preserving the benefits of joint developmentxe "Development" to the maximum possible extent. Other Contracts. If a contract between a recipientxe "Recipient" and a third party involving a joint developmentxe "Development" project is not a constructionxe "Construction" contract or a revenue contractxe "Revenue Contract" as defined in this circular, then that contract is not covered by FTAxe "FTA"’s third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing provisions. For example, third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s to manage, operate, or maintain intercity busxe "Bus" or intercity rail terminals, or tenancy agreements with third party intercity busxe "Bus" or intercity rail operators are the types of operations contracts not covered by FTAxe "FTA"’s third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing provisions. Nevertheless, even in situations not covered by the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing provisions, FTAxe "FTA" generally favors full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition". Public-Private Partnershipxe "Public-Private Partnership" \t "See also, PPP"xe "Public-Private Partnership"s. A Public-Private Partnershipxe "Public-Private Partnership"xe "Partnership" (PPPxe "PPP" \t "See also, Public-Private Partnership"xe "PPP") is a formal contractual arrangementxe "Arrangement" between a public recipientxe "Recipient" and one or more private partners establishing a mechanism for procuring propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" under which the private sector assumes some of the public sector’s customaryxe "Customary" rolexe "Role" in the planningxe "Planning", financing, designxe "Design", constructionxe "Construction", operationxe "Operation", and maintenance of a transportation facility compared to traditional procurement methods, many of which activitiesxe "Activities" are generally controlled by the public sector partner. As part of FTAxe "FTA"’s interest in fostering PPPs, FTAxe "FTA" is considering which procurement and other requirements may be modified to simplify project implementation, including procurement requirements that are redundant with private sector safeguards, incentives, and obligations. While a recipientxe "Recipient" that has not formed a PPPxe "PPP" may use some of the contract deliveryxe "Delivery" arrangements or project deliveryxe "Delivery" systems listed below, FTAxe "FTA" is considering the implications for PPPs that use the following types of contracting deliveryxe "Delivery" arrangements or project deliveryxe "Delivery" systems, including, but not limitedxe "Limited" to: Designxe "Design"-Buildxe "Design-Build", Designxe "Design"-Buildxe "Design-Build" with a Warrantyxe "Design-Build With a Warranty", Constructionxe "Construction" Manager at Riskxe "Construction Manager at Risk", Designxe "Design"-Buildxe "Design-Build"-Operate-Maintainxe "Design-Build-Operate-Maintain", Designxe "Design"-Buildxe "Design-Build"-Finance-Operatexe "Design-Build-Finance-Operate", Build-Operate-Transferxe "Build-Operate-Transfer", Build-Own-Operatexe "Build-Own-Operate", and Full Deliveryxe "Full Delivery"xe "Delivery" or Program Managementxe "Program Management". For a descriptionxe "Description" of these types of PPPs, see FTAxe "FTA" “Noticexe "Notice" of establishment of Public-Private Partnershipxe "Public-Private Partnership"xe "Partnership" Pilot Program; solicitationxe "Solicitation" of applications,” 72?FR?2583, esp. 2584, 2585-2591, January 19, 2007. As a starting point, FTAxe "FTA" expects the parties to the PPPxe "PPP" to apply the requirements of this circular to FTAxe "FTA" assisted projects they undertake. A PPPxe "PPP" recipientxe "Recipient" seeking an exceptionxe "Exception" \t "See also, Waiver"xe "Exception" from specific provisions of this circular should contactxe "Contact" the FTAxe "FTA" Project Manager. FTAxe "FTA" will work with the recipientxe "Recipient" to craft processes as necessary to satisfy the statutory and regulatory requirements for competitionxe "Competition" when FTAxe "FTA" assistance is used while preserving the benefits of the innovativexe "Innovative" contracting strategy proposed to the maximum possible extent. Transactions Involving Complexxe "Complex" Financialxe "Financial" Arrangements. If a public transportationxe "Public Transportation" project involves the servicesxe "Services" of an “arrangerxe "Arranger"” or similar facilitatorxe "Facilitator", and those servicesxe "Services" will be financed with Federal assistance or the proceeds from the use of propertyxe "Property" supported with FTAxe "FTA" assistance, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to use competitive procedures to select the “arrangerxe "Arranger".” If, however, a public transportationxe "Public Transportation" project involves the servicesxe "Services" of an “arrangerxe "Arranger"” or similar facilitatorxe "Facilitator" whose servicesxe "Services" will not be financed with Federal assistance or the proceeds from the use of propertyxe "Property" acquired with FTAxe "FTA" assistance, FTAxe "FTA" encourages, but does not require, competitionxe "Competition" in the selectionxe "Selection" of that arrangerxe "Arranger". FTAxe "FTA" also encourages the recipientxe "Recipient" to impose whatever conflictxe "Conflict" of interestxe "Conflict of Interest" provisions in its contract with the arrangerxe "Arranger" the recipientxe "Recipient" may believe desirable. After the arrangerxe "Arranger" is selected and then develops a transaction involving FTAxe "FTA" assisted assets, FTAxe "FTA" requires competitionxe "Competition" to the extent permissible in view of the limitations of securities regulationsxe "Regulations". Force Accountxe "Force Account". FTAxe "FTA" third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing guidancexe "Guidance" does not apply to a recipientxe "Recipient"’s use of its own forces to perform project work. FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONSxe "Regulations". Each recipientxe "Recipient" and subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" must comply with applicable Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" including, but not limitedxe "Limited" to, Federal transit lawsxe "Federal Transit Laws" at 49?U.S.C. Chapter 53, FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", and other Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" that contain requirements applicable to FTAxe "FTA" recipients and their FTAxe "FTA" assisted procurements. Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s. The following government-wide regulationsxe "Regulations" (frequently referred to as the “Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s”) contain the most comprehensive Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" applicable to FTAxe "FTA"’s assistance programs: Governmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Uniform Administrativexe "Administrative" Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement"s to Statexe "State" and Local Governmentxe "Local Government"sxe "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements to State and Local Governments",” 49 CFR Part 18, apply to governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s (apart from institutions of higher education) and Indianxe "Indian" tribexe "Indian Tribe"s, and Non-Governmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Uniform Administrativexe "Administrative" Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Organizationsxe "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit Organizations",” 49 CFR Part 19, apply to private non-profitxe "Non-Profit" entities, institutions of higher education and, if FTAxe "FTA" so determines, to private for-profitxe "For-Profit" organizations. Federal Acquisition Regulationxe "Federal Acquisition Regulation" \t "See also, FAR"xe "Federal Acquisition Regulation". The Federal Acquisition Regulationxe "Federal Acquisition Regulation" (FARxe "FAR" \ "See also, Federal Acquisition Regulation"xe "FAR"), 48?CFR?Chapter?1, does not apply to federally assisted procurements, absent Federal laws or regulationsxe "Regulations" to the contrary. In the case of FTAxe "FTA" programs, FARxe "FAR" Part 31 costxe "Cost" principles apply to grants and cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement"s with private for-profitxe "For-Profit" entities. Audits of A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services" listed in 49?U.S.C.?Section?5325 must be carried out under FARxe "FAR" Part 31 costxe "Cost" principles. In other circumstances, in the absence of specific guidancexe "Guidance" for federally assisted projects, other FARxe "FAR" standards might prove useful if the recipientxe "Recipient"’s circumstances are suitable for application of a specific FARxe "FAR" provisionxe "Provision" under consideration. One major exception concerns at this time concerns the “simplified acquisition threshold.” In this matter, FTA is taking the position that the FAR clause 2.101 definition of “simplified acquisition threshold,” which was increased from $100,000 to $150,000, does not apply to FTA’s federally assisted programs absent specific guidance from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) or DOT, which we have not received as of February 2011. Instead FTA is continuing to use the dollar standard of the underlying original statute, establishing the simplified acquisition threshold, 41?U.S.C. Section?403(11), referred to in the Common Grant Rulexe "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements to State and Local Governments" for governmental recipientxe "Governmental Recipient"s. But when Federal regulations or guidance is issued, FTA will implement it appropriately. Other Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". In addition to the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s, each FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" must comply with applicable Federal transit lawsxe "Federal Transit Laws" and implementing regulationsxe "Regulations" not addressed in the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s, and with other Federal cross cutting statutes and regulationsxe "Regulations" that affect what a recipientxe "Recipient" may acquire. Compilation in the Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement". Citations to most Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" are included in the latest edition of FTAxe "FTA"’s Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement", typically issued at the beginning of each Federal fiscal year, which includes comprehensive informationxe "Information" about Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" that may apply to an FTAxe "FTA" assisted project. FTAxe "FTA" strongly encourages participants in FTAxe "FTA" assisted projects to reviewxe "Review" the Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" when making its procurement decisions. See, Chapter I, subsection 6.f of this circular for additional informationxe "Information" about the Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement". Conflicting Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". Requirements of the various Federal agencies that may be involved in the project will sometimes differ, with the result that FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to comply with all those differences. If compliance with all applicable Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" is impossible, the recipientxe "Recipient" should notifyxe "Notify" the FTAxe "FTA" Chief Counsel for resolution. Waivers. Requests for waivers of Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" should be addressed to the Federal Transit Administratorxe "Administrator" STATExe "State" AND LOCAL LAWxe "Local Law"S AND REGULATIONSxe "Regulations". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s provide that recipients and subrecipients will use their own procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" that comply with applicable Statexe "State" and local lawxe "Local Law"s and regulationsxe "Regulations", and also comply with applicable Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations". Inadequatexe "Inadequate" Statexe "State" and Local Requirements. If Statexe "State" or local lawxe "Local Law"s or regulationsxe "Regulations" do not address a particular aspect of procurement adequately, Federal direct procurement principles may often (but not always) provide useful guidancexe "Guidance". Conflicts between Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" and Statexe "State" or Local Requirements. If Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" conflictxe "Conflict" with Statexe "State" or local requirements, the recipientxe "Recipient" should provide written notificationxe "Notification" promptly to either the FTAxe "FTA" Regional Counsel for the regionxe "Region" in which the project takes place or the FTAxe "FTA" Assistant Chief Counsel for General Lawxe "Law" in the case of projects administered by FTAxe "FTA" headquarters staff. FTAxe "FTA" will then work with the recipientxe "Recipient" to make appropriate arrangements to proceed with the project. If unsuccessful, then FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to amend or terminatexe "Terminate" \t "See also, Termination"xe "Terminate" Federal assistance for the underlying Project. CHAPTER IIITHE RECIPIENTxe "Recipient"’S RESPONSIBILITIESWRITTEN STANDARDS OF CONDUCTxe "Standards of Conduct". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require each recipientxe "Recipient" to maintain written standards of conductxe "Standards of Conduct" governing the performancexe "Performance" of its employees that are engaged in or otherwise involved in the awardxe "Award" or administration of third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s. Personal Conflicts of Interestxe "Personal Conflicts of Interest". As provided in the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s and in the Federal Transit Administrationxe "Federal Transit Administration" (FTAxe "FTA") Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement", no employeexe "Employee", officer, agent, or board member, or his or her immediate family member, partner, or organization that employs or is about to employ any of the foregoing individuals may participate in the selectionxe "Selection", awardxe "Award", or administration of a contract supported with FTAxe "FTA" assistance if a conflictxe "Conflict" of interestxe "Conflict of Interest", real or apparent, would be involved. Such a conflictxe "Conflict" would arise when any of those individuals previously listed has a financialxe "Financial" or other interest in the firm selected for awardxe "Award". Gifts. The recipientxe "Recipient"’s officers, employees, agents, or board members may neither solicit nor accept gifts, gratuities, favors, or anything of monetary valuexe "Value" from contractors, potential contractors, or parties to subcontracts. The recipientxe "Recipient" may set minimum rules when the financialxe "Financial" interest is not substantial or the giftxe "Gift" is an unsolicited item of nominal intrinsic valuexe "Value". Violations. To the extent permitted by Statexe "State" or local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law" or regulationsxe "Regulations", such standards of conductxe "Standards of Conduct" will provide for penalties, sanctions, or other disciplinary action for violationxe "Violation" of such standards by the recipientxe "Recipient"’s officers, employees, agents, board members, or by contractors, subcontractors, or subrecipients or their agents. SELF-CERTIFICATIONxe "Self-Certification"xe "Certification". FTAxe "FTA" expects each recipientxe "Recipient" to self-certify that its procurement systemxe "System"xe "Procurement System" complies with Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" for any FTAxe "FTA" assisted third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" the recipientxe "Recipient" undertakes and administers. THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CAPACITYxe "Capacity". As part of an FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient"’s obligation to maintain adequatexe "Adequate" technical capacityxe "Technical Capacity"xe "Capacity" to carry out its project and comply with the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s, the recipientxe "Recipient"’s third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing capabilityxe "Capability" must be adequatexe "Adequate" to undertake its procurements effectively and efficiently in compliance with applicable Federal, Statexe "State", and local requirements. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require the recipientxe "Recipient" to maintain a contract administration systemxe "System"xe "Contract Administration System" to ensure that it and its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors comply with the terms, conditions, and specifications of their contracts or purchasexe "Purchase" orderxe "Purchase Order"s and applicable Federal, Statexe "State" and local requirements. Many FTAxe "FTA" recipients assign contracting duties to technical, financialxe "Financial" or management personnelxe "Personnel". If the recipientxe "Recipient" lacks qualifiedxe "Qualified" personnelxe "Personnel" within its organization to undertake the various procurement tasks, such as drafting specifications, evaluating contracts, or performing internal audits for the recipientxe "Recipient", FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to acquire the necessary servicesxe "Services" from sources outside the recipientxe "Recipient"’s organization. When using outside sources, the recipientxe "Recipient" should take appropriate steps to prevent or mitigate organizational conflicts of interestxe "Organizational Conflicts of Interest" that would result in conflicting roles that might biasxe "Bias" \t "See also, Biased"xe "Bias" a contractor’s judgment or would result in unfair competitive advantage. Written Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" requires the recipientxe "Recipient" to have written procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures", and by implication, the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" requires written procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" as a conditionxe "Condition" of self-certificationxe "Self-Certification"xe "Certification". The recipientxe "Recipient"’s procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" are expected to address: Solicitations. The following standards apply to solicitations: Clear Descriptions. A clear and accurate descriptionxe "Description" of the technical requirements for the material, productxe "Product", or servicexe "Service" to be procured is required (discussed further in Chapter VI of this circular). Nonrestrictivexe "Nonrestrictive" Specifications. In competitive procurements, the descriptionxe "Description" may not contain features that unduly restrict competitionxe "Competition". Notably, FTAxe "FTA" may not finance procurements that use exclusionary or discriminatoryxe "Discriminatory" specifications (discussed further in Chapter VI of this circular). Qualityxe "Quality" Requirements. A descriptionxe "Description" may include a statement of the qualitative nature of the material, productxe "Product", or servicexe "Service" to be procured and, when necessary, describe minimum essential characteristics and standards to which the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" must conform if it is to satisfy the recipientxe "Recipient"’s intended use (discussed further in Chapter VI of this circular). Preferencexe "Preference" for Performancexe "Performance" Specifications. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" advises the recipientxe "Recipient" that “[d]etailed productxe "Product" specifications should be avoided if at all possible.” The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" advises the recipientxe "Recipient" to describe technical requirements in terms of “functions to be performed or performancexe "Performance" required, including the range of acceptable characteristics or minimum acceptable standards” (discussed further in Chapter VI of this circular). Brand Namexe "Brand Name" or Equalxe "Equal". When it is impractical or uneconomical to write a clear and accurate descriptionxe "Description" of the technical requirements of the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" to be acquired, a “brand namexe "Brand Name" or equalxe "Equal"” descriptionxe "Description" may be used to define the performancexe "Performance" or other salient characteristics of the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" sought. The specific features or salient characteristics of the named brand which must be met by offerors of “an equalxe "Equal"” proposalxe "Proposal" must be clearly stated (discussed further in Chapter VI of this circular). The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" further requires (and governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s should have) written procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" that address: Necessityxe "Necessity". The recipientxe "Recipient"’s need for the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" (discussed further in Chapter VI of this circular). Leasexe "Lease" versus Purchasexe "Purchase". The use of leasexe "Lease" or purchasexe "Purchase" alternatives to achieve an economical and practical procurement (discussed further in Chapter IV of this circular). Metricxe "Metric" Usage. The acceptance, to the extent practicable and economically feasible, of products and servicesxe "Services" dimensioned in the metricxe "Metric" systemxe "System" of measurement (discussed further in Chapter IV of this circular). Environmentalxe "Environmental" \t "See also, Environment"xe "Environmental" and Energyxe "Energy" Efficiency Preferences. A preferencexe "Preference", to the extent practicable and economically feasible, for products and servicesxe "Services" that conserve natural resourcesxe "Resources", protect the environmentxe "Environment" \t "See also, Environmental"xe "Environment", and are energyxe "Energy" efficient (discussed further in Chapter IV of this circular). The recipientxe "Recipient"’s procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" should also address the following matters: Procurement Methods. What procurement methods may be used (discussed further in Chapter VI of this circular). Legal Restrictions. Any Federal, Statexe "State", or local restrictions on the recipientxe "Recipient"’s acquisitions (discussed further in Chapter IV of this circular). Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract" Provisions. The specific third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" provisions required for each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" including requirements that each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or extend those provisions to its subcontractors to the extent required (discussed further in Chapter IV of this circular). Sources. The availabilityxe "Availability" and use of various sources of propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" (discussed further in Chapter V of this circular). Resolution of Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing Issues. Procedures to resolve third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing issues (discussed further in Chapter VII of this circular). Adequatexe "Adequate" Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract" Provisions. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s requires that all third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s include provisions adequatexe "Adequate" to form a sound and complete agreement. Compliance with Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" will usually result in the addition of many other contract provisions to ensure compliance with those laws and regulationsxe "Regulations". See, Chapter IV of this circular for requirements applicable to third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors and the propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" those third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors agree to provide. Because bid and offers can at times be ambiguous, in its solicitation documents, the Recipient reserves the right to request additional information before making an award. The Recipient also reserves the right to seek clarification from any bidder or offeror about any statement in its bid or proposal that the Recipient finds ambiguous.Industry Contractsxe "Industry Contracts". The recipientxe "Recipient" should take special care when using an industry developed contract or contract that may be provided by a bidderxe "Bidder" or offerorxe "Offeror". Not only may that contract lack the required Federal provisions, but its terms may also be unfavorable to the recipientxe "Recipient". FTAxe "FTA" does not intend to prohibit the use of industry formsxe "Forms", specifications, or contract terms when their use would benefit the recipientxe "Recipient" and would accommodate Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". Instead, FTAxe "FTA" intends to remind the recipientxe "Recipient" to use industry developed formsxe "Forms", specifications, or contract terms cautiously. Recordxe "Record" Keeping. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require the recipientxe "Recipient" to prepare and maintain adequatexe "Adequate" and readily accessiblexe "Accessible"xe "Accessible" project performancexe "Performance" and financialxe "Financial" records, covering procurement transactions as well as other aspects of project implementation. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require the recipientxe "Recipient" to maintain these records for three years after the recipientxe "Recipient" and subrecipients, if any, have made final paymentxe "Payment" and all other pending matters are closed. The recipientxe "Recipient" must also prepare, maintain, and distribute the following documents as necessary: Procurement Historyxe "History". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require the recipientxe "Recipient" to maintain and make available to FTAxe "FTA" written records detailing the historyxe "History" of each procurement, as follows: Procurement Methodxe "Method". A governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" must (and a nongovernmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" should) provide its rationale for the methodxe "Method" of procurement it used for each contract, including a sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" justificationxe "Justification" for any acquisition that does not qualify as competitive, while a nongovernmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" need only provide a justificationxe "Justification" for lack of competitionxe "Competition" when it does not obtain competitive bids or proposals for contracts exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold. See, Chapter II, Subsection 3.b for discussion of amount of simplified acquisition threshold; Contract Typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type". A governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" must (and a non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" should) statexe "State" the reasons for selecting the contract typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type" it used (fixed?pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price", costxe "Cost" reimbursementxe "Cost Reimbursement", and so forth); Contractor Selectionxe "Selection". A governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" must statexe "State" its reasons for contractor selectionxe "Selection" or rejectionxe "Rejection". FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to include a justificationxe "Justification" for each noncompetitive awardxe "Award". For procurements exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold (formerly the small purchasexe "Small Purchase"xe "Purchase" threshold – see, Chapter II, Subsection 3.b.), a non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" must statexe "State" its reasons for contractor selectionxe "Selection", but need not statexe "State" its reasons for contractor rejectionxe "Rejection". Each recipientxe "Recipient" should include a written responsibilityxe "Responsibility" determination for the successful contractor; and Costxe "Cost" or Pricexe "Price". Each recipientxe "Recipient" must evaluatexe "Evaluate" \t "See also, Evaluation"xe "Evaluate" and statexe "State" its justificationxe "Justification" for the contract costxe "Cost" or pricexe "Price". Reasonable Documentationxe "Documentation". The extent of documentationxe "Documentation" should be reasonable. Documents included in a procurement historyxe "History" should be commensurate with the sizexe "Size" and complexity of the procurement itself. FTAxe "FTA" recognizes that these written records will vary greatly for different procurements. For example, a receipt or bill accompanying a $100 credit card purchasexe "Purchase" might contain all of the required informationxe "Information" to support that procurement. Procurements that are more substantial may require extensive documentationxe "Documentation". Accessxe "Access" to Records. Apart from the more limitedxe "Limited" recordxe "Record" accessxe "Access" provisions of the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s, 49?U.S.C. Section?5325(g) provides FTAxe "FTA" and DOTxe "DOT" officials, the U.S. Comptroller Generalxe "Comptroller General", or any of their representatives, accessxe "Access" to and the right to examine and inspect all records, documents, and papers, including contracts, related to any FTAxe "FTA" project financed with Federal assistance authorized by 49 U.S.C. Chapter?53. Special Notificationxe "Notification" Requirements for States. For many years, various Federal appropriations laws imposed notificationxe "Notification" requirements on all recipients of Federal assistance awards exceeding $500,000. Currently, notificationxe "Notification" requirements have been limitedxe "Limited" to States, but the $500,000 threshold has been removed. Therefore, each Statexe "State" must include provisions in all its requests for proposals, solicitations, Federal assistance applications, formsxe "Forms", notifications, press releases, or other publications involving FTAxe "FTA" assistance, stating that FTAxe "FTA" is or will be providing Federal assistance for the project, the amount of Federal assistance FTAxe "FTA" has provided or expects to provide, and the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) Number of the program that authorizes the Federal assistance. FTAxe "FTA" interprets the statute to require that subrecipients, lessees, or third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors of the Statexe "State" at any tierxe "Tier" also comply with those notificationxe "Notification" requirements. Because appropriations laws expire annually and these provisions have not been enacted as permanent legislationxe "Legislation" or even appear consistently in the same appropriations acts, it is necessary to reviewxe "Review" the various Federal appropriations acts for the applicable fiscal year to determine the required level of notificationxe "Notification". FTAxe "FTA"’s Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" incorporates the notificationxe "Notification" requirements in effectxe "Effect" when that Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" is issued. Use of Technologyxe "Technology"/Electronicxe "Electronic" Commercexe "Electronic Commerce". Along with other technologyxe "Technology" the recipientxe "Recipient" may choose to employ, the recipientxe "Recipient" may use a well-structured Electronicxe "Electronic" Commercexe "Electronic Commerce" systemxe "System" to conduct third party procurements. Sufficient Systemxe "System" Capacityxe "Capacity". The recipientxe "Recipient"’s electronicxe "Electronic" systemxe "System" must have sufficient systemxe "System" capacityxe "Capacity" necessary to accommodate all Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements", including applicable accessibility requirements, for full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition". Written Procedures. The recipientxe "Recipient" must establish adequatexe "Adequate" written procedures before any solicitationxe "Solicitation" takes place. Those procedures must be sufficient to ensure that all the informationxe "Information" FTAxe "FTA" requires for project administration is entered into the recipientxe "Recipient"’s electronicxe "Electronic" systemxe "System" and can be made readily available to FTAxe "FTA" as needed. Uses. The recipientxe "Recipient" may undertake third party procurements through: Standardxe "Standard" Biddingxe "Bidding" and Proposalxe "Proposal" Procedures. Standardxe "Standard" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" may be implemented through an electronicxe "Electronic" medium or resource to the extent of the systemxe "System"’s capacityxe "Capacity". Electronicxe "Electronic" Biddingxe "Bidding" and Reverse Auctionxe "Reverse Auction"s. FTAxe "FTA" recipients may use electronicxe "Electronic" biddingxe "Bidding" and reverse auctionxe "Reverse Auction"s. Valuexe "Value". Procurements with a valuexe "Value" of $100,000 or less may be conducted through electronicxe "Electronic" biddingxe "Bidding" or reverse auctionxe "Reverse Auction"s. If permitted under Statexe "State" or local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law", procurements with a greater valuexe "Value" may also be conducted through electronicxe "Electronic" biddingxe "Bidding" or reverse auctionxe "Reverse Auction"s. The recipientxe "Recipient" may acquire the servicesxe "Services" of a contractor to manage electronicxe "Electronic" biddingxe "Bidding" and conduct reverse auctionxe "Reverse Auction"s. Procedures. Although neither FTAxe "FTA" nor the Officexe "Office" of Federal Procurement Policyxe "Office of Federal Procurement Policy" have established a formal definitionxe "Definition" of “reverse auctionxe "Reverse Auction"xe "Auction"” or formal procedures for reverse auctionxe "Reverse Auction"s for Federal Government or Federal assistance purposes, the U.S. Comptroller Generalxe "Comptroller General" has approved the following procedures for reverse auctionxe "Reverse Auction"s of less than $100,000: Notificationxe "Notification". The buyer “will notifyxe "Notify" potential participants of an upcoming auctionxe "Auction", specifying the timexe "Time" that the auctionxe "Auction" will start and close.” Bidxe "Bid" or Quotexe "Quote" Submission. Those who choose to participate will submit bids or quotations to the online auctionxe "Auction" Web sitexe "Web site". Informationxe "Information" Displayed During the Auctionxe "Auction". During the auctionxe "Auction", the Web sitexe "Web site" will display the propertyxe "Property" to be inspected, the current lowest quotation, and the timexe "Time" remaining in the auctionxe "Auction". Informationxe "Information" Not Displayed During the Auctionxe "Auction". The Web sitexe "Web site" will not display the names of vendors, any other identifying informationxe "Information", or the timexe "Time" at which quotations were submitted. Informationxe "Information" Displayed at the End of the Auctionxe "Auction". At the close of the auctionxe "Auction", competing vendors will be able to view all submitted quotations, as well as the winning quotation, and a purchasexe "Purchase" orderxe "Purchase Order" will be sent to the winning vendor. Informationxe "Information" Provided at the End of the Auctionxe "Auction". The buyer will provide the name of the winning vendor and its quotation to unsuccessful vendors, but not the identity of the unsuccessful vendors. AUDITxe "Audit". A third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" auditxe "Audit" can be an important tool for managing procurements. In addition to special audits FTAxe "FTA" may initiate, the recipientxe "Recipient" may find it desirable to perform an auditxe "Audit" of one or more specific third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s as part of its own management processxe "Process". The firm performing the recipientxe "Recipient"’s federally required single annual auditxe "Audit" may also recommend the auditxe "Audit" of a specific third party contractxe "Third Party Contract". The Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Auditors. In some cases, the recipientxe "Recipient" has sufficient qualifiedxe "Qualified" personnelxe "Personnel" to perform the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" audits it needsxe "Needs". In the alternative, the recipientxe "Recipient" may engage a qualifiedxe "Qualified" independent accountant or accounting firm to perform its auditxe "Audit" responsibilities. Independent Auditors. The recipientxe "Recipient"’s personnelxe "Personnel" will not be able to perform certain audits required by the Federal Government, such as audits required by the Single Auditxe "Audit" Actxe "Single Audit Act" of 1984, as amendedxe "Amended", 31 U.S.C. Sections 7501 et seq. and OMB Circular A-133, “Audits of States, Local Governmentxe "Local Government"s, and Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Organizations” as revised. If the Federal Government requires additional audits, it may also be necessary for the recipientxe "Recipient" to engage independent auditors not performing other work for the recipientxe "Recipient". See also Chapter IV, subparagraph 2.b(19)(a) of this circular. Federal Auditxe "Audit" Agencies. The Federal Government maintains a continuing Federal auditxe "Audit" capabilityxe "Capability" at certain contractor locations. On occasion, these auditors may be used to auditxe "Audit" an FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient"’s third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s. In other circumstances, an auditxe "Audit" by a Federal agency may best serve the interests of the Federal Government and the recipientxe "Recipient". This can be true of audits to determine a contractor’s provisional overheadxe "Overhead" \t "See also, Burden"xe "Overhead" (burdenxe "Burden" \t "See also, Overhead"xe "Burden") and General & Administrativexe "General & Administrative" \t "See also, G&A"xe "General & Administrative"xe "Administrative" (G&Axe "G&A" \t "See also, General & Administrative"xe "G&A") rates that need to be verified by auditxe "Audit" for specific contract periods. Federal auditxe "Audit" servicesxe "Services", however, might not be available when needed; then the recipientxe "Recipient" will need to obtain the servicesxe "Services" of an independent private auditing firm that can perform the auditxe "Audit" soon after an auditxe "Audit" is requested. FRAUDxe "Fraud". As a reminder, 49?U.S.C. Section 5323(l) extends the criminal fraudxe "Fraud"xe "Criminal Fraud" provisions of 18?U.S.C. Section?1001 to all certificates, submissions, or statements made in connection with any program financed under the Federal transit program. In addition, the Program Fraudxe "Fraud" Civil Remediesxe "Remedies" Act of 1986, as amendedxe "Amended", 31?U.S.C. Sections 3801 et seq., and DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Program Fraudxe "Fraud" Civil Remediesxe "Remedies",” 49?CFR Part?31, apply to any false or fraudulent statement or claimxe "Claim" made under the Federal transit program. CHAPTER IVTHE RECIPIENTxe "Recipient"’S PROPERTYxe "Property" AND SERVICESxe "Services" NEEDSxe "Needs" ANDFEDERAL REQUIREMENTSxe "Federal Requirements" AFFECTING THOSE NEEDSxe "Needs"DETERMINING THE RECIPIENTxe "Recipient"’S NEEDSxe "Needs". To support a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" with Federal assistance awarded by the Federal Transit Administrationxe "Federal Transit Administration" (FTAxe "FTA"), the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require the recipientxe "Recipient" to adopt adequatexe "Adequate" procedures for determining the typexe "Type" and amount of propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" it needsxe "Needs" to acquire: Eligibilityxe "Eligibility". The propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" to be acquired must be eligiblexe "Eligible" under the Federal lawxe "Law" authorizingxe "Authorizing" the FTAxe "FTA" assistance awardxe "Award" and any regulationsxe "Regulations" thereunder. For example, FTAxe "FTA" prohibits the use of capital assistance for the recipientxe "Recipient"’s operations expenses. If FTAxe "FTA" assistance will be used to finance the costxe "Cost" of propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services", the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" must be within the scopexe "Scope" of the specific project from which that FTAxe "FTA" assistance will be derived. Necessityxe "Necessity". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s requires the recipientxe "Recipient" to establish procedures to avoid the purchasexe "Purchase" of unnecessary propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" (including duplicative items and quantities or options it does not intend to use or whose use is unlikely). In monitoring whether a recipientxe "Recipient" has complied with its procedures to determine what propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" are unnecessary, FTAxe "FTA" bases its determinations on what would have been a recipientxe "Recipient"’s reasonable expectations at the timexe "Time" the recipientxe "Recipient" entered into the contract. Unnecessary Reserves. FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to limit the acquisition of federally assisted propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" to the amount it needsxe "Needs" to support its public transportationxe "Public Transportation" systemxe "System". In particular, FTAxe "FTA" seeks informationxe "Information" about the recipientxe "Recipient"’s fleet to ensure that the recipientxe "Recipient" does not acquire more vehicles than it needsxe "Needs" for public transportationxe "Public Transportation" servicexe "Service" in its servicexe "Service" area. Further guidancexe "Guidance" on spare ratioxe "Spare Ratio"s is contained in the most recent versions of FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 5010.1 providing Grantxe "Grant" Managementxe "Grant Management" guidancexe "Guidance", FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 9030.1 providing Urbanized Area Formula Program guidancexe "Guidance", and FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 9300.1 providing Capital Investment Program guidancexe "Guidance". Acquisition for Assignmentxe "Assignment" Purposes. The recipientxe "Recipient" may contract only for its current and reasonably expected public transportationxe "Public Transportation" needsxe "Needs" and may not add quantities or options to third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s solely to permit assignmentxe "Assignment" to another party at a later date. These limits on assignments, however, do not preclude joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement"s that are entered into simultaneously by two or more parties to obtain advantages unavailable for small procurementxe "Small Procurement"s. General Prohibitionxe "Prohibition" \t "See also, Prohibited"xe "Prohibition". The recipientxe "Recipient" may contract only for its current and reasonably expected public transportationxe "Public Transportation" needsxe "Needs", and may not add quantities or options to third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s solely to permit assignmentxe "Assignment" to another party at a later date. Changes in the Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Needsxe "Needs". FTAxe "FTA" recognizes that the quantityxe "Quantity" of propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" a recipientxe "Recipient" reasonably believes it may need at the timexe "Time" of contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" may changexe "Change". A recipientxe "Recipient"’s later needsxe "Needs" might decrease due to changed circumstances or honest mistakes. In those situations, the recipientxe "Recipient" may assign its unneeded contract authority to another entity that would like to acquire the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services". Exceptions. These limits on assignments, however, do not preclude: Joint Procurementxe "Joint Procurement"s. Two or more recipients may enter into a single procurement at the same timexe "Time" to obtain advantages unavailable for smaller procurements, as discussed more fully in Chapter V, section 3 of this circular. Statexe "State" or Local Governmentxe "Local Government" Purchasing Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Purchasing Schedule"s or Purchasing Contractxe "Purchasing Contract"s. A Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" may enter into contracts that support its purchasing schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Purchasing Schedule"s or purchasing contractxe "Purchasing Contract"s established as discussed more fully in Chapter V, section 4 of this circular. Procurement Sizexe "Size". The recipientxe "Recipient" should consider whether to consolidate or break out the procurement to obtain a more economical purchasexe "Purchase". Joint Procurementxe "Joint Procurement"s. It may be economically advantageous for a recipientxe "Recipient" to enter into a joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement" with others that have similar needsxe "Needs". The recipientxe "Recipient" responsiblexe "Responsible" for undertaking the joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement" may, upon contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award", assign to the other participants responsibilities for administering those parts of the contract affecting their propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services". Participationxe "Participation" in a joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement", however, does not relieve any participating recipientxe "Recipient" from the requirements and responsibilities it would have if it were procuring the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" itself, and does not relinquish responsibilityxe "Responsibility" for the actions of other participants merely because the primary administrativexe "Administrative" responsibilityxe "Responsibility" for a particular action resides in an entity other than in itself. Small Procurementxe "Small Procurement"s. In other circumstances, breaking out procurements may provide greater opportunities for Disadvantaged Business Enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise"s (DBEs), small and minority firmxe "Small and Minority Firm"s, and women’s business enterprises to participate. As stated in paragraph 1.b(2) of this Chapter, the FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to ensure that it contracts only for its current and reasonably expected needsxe "Needs". Absent efforts to foster greater opportunities for DBEs, small and minority firmxe "Small and Minority Firm"s, and women’s business enterprises, the recipientxe "Recipient" should not split a large procurement merely to gain the advantages of small purchasexe "Small Purchase"xe "Purchase" available for federally assisted procurements of $100,000 or less identified in 41 U.S.C. Section 403(11). Options. The recipientxe "Recipient"’s contracts may include options to ensure the future availabilityxe "Availability" of propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services", so long as the recipientxe "Recipient" is able to justify those options as needed for its public transportationxe "Public Transportation" or project purposes. An optionxe "Option" is a unilateral right in a contract by which, for a specified timexe "Time", a recipientxe "Recipient" may acquire additional equipmentxe "Equipment", supplies, or servicesxe "Services" than originally procured. An optionxe "Option" may also extend the termxe "Term" of the contract. Chapter VI of this circular contains procedures for evaluating options. Leasexe "Lease" versus Purchasexe "Purchase". To obtain the best valuexe "Value"xe "Best Value", the recipientxe "Recipient" should reviewxe "Review" leasexe "Lease" versus purchasexe "Purchase" alternatives for acquiring propertyxe "Property" and, if necessary, should obtain an analysis to determine the more economical alternative. The recipientxe "Recipient" may use FTAxe "FTA" capital assistance to finance the costs of leasing eligiblexe "Eligible" propertyxe "Property" if leasing is more costxe "Cost" effective than full ownership. Before the recipientxe "Recipient" may leasexe "Lease" an asset, FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Capital Leases,” 49 CFR Part 639, Subpart C, require the recipientxe "Recipient" to make a written comparison of the costxe "Cost" of leasing the asset compared with the costxe "Cost" of purchasing or constructing the asset. Costs used in the comparison must be reasonable, based on realistic current market conditions, and based on the expected useful servicexe "Service" lifexe "Service Life" of the asset. Specifications. Typically, the recipientxe "Recipient" is responsiblexe "Responsible" for preparing specifications that describe its needsxe "Needs" while assuring that those specifications are not exclusionary, discriminatoryxe "Discriminatory", unreasonably restrictivexe "Restrictive", or otherwise violate Federal laws or regulationsxe "Regulations". In general, specifications should clearly describe the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" to be procured and statexe "State" how the bids or proposals will be evaluated. For additional guidancexe "Guidance", see section 2 of this Chapter, and Chapter VI, section 3 of this circular. FEDERAL REQUIREMENTSxe "Federal Requirements" THAT MAY AFFECT A RECIPIENTxe "Recipient"’S ACQUISITIONS. Before a recipientxe "Recipient" may use FTAxe "FTA" assistance to support the acquisition of propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services", it must comply with all applicable Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations", whether or not addressed in the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s. Some of those laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" will affect the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or providing the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services", or even determine which entities may qualify as a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or. Other laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" will affect the nature of the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" to be acquired or the terms under which the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" must be acquired. A recipientxe "Recipient" may not use FTAxe "FTA" assistance to support acquisitions that do not comply with all applicable Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". FTAxe "FTA"’s Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" contains a current, but not all-inclusive, descriptionxe "Description" of statutory and regulatory requirements that may affect a recipientxe "Recipient"’s procurement (such as Disadvantaged Business Enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise" (DBExe "DBE") and Clean Airxe "Air" requirements). The Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" states that applicable Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" will apply to project participants to the lowest tierxe "Tier" necessary to ensure compliance with those requirements. A recipientxe "Recipient" will also need to include applicable Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" in each subagreementxe "Subagreement", leasexe "Lease", third party contractxe "Third Party Contract", or other document as necessary. For specific guidancexe "Guidance" on cross-cutting requirements administered by other Federal agencies, FTAxe "FTA" recommends that the recipientxe "Recipient" contactxe "Contact" those agencies. The recipientxe "Recipient" may also use the checklists in Appendix C of this circular as a reminder of Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements", and the matricesxe "Matrices" in Appendix D of this circular for a listxe "List" of clauses and provisions required by Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations". The recipientxe "Recipient" may also refer to the Model Clauses in FTAxe "FTA"’s “Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual"” but cautions the recipientxe "Recipient" also to check the latest edition of FTAxe "FTA"’s Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" to determine which provisions have been added, changed, or rescinded. Some of the more typical requirements and restrictions that will affect the use of FTAxe "FTA" assistance to finance a recipientxe "Recipient"’s third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s include: Contractor Qualifications. The following Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" may affect contractor selectionxe "Selection": “Responsibilityxe "Responsibility"” Requirements. In addition to the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s that require contract awardxe "Contract Award"s be made only to responsiblexe "Responsible" contractors, Federal transit lawxe "Law" at 49?U.S.C. Section 5325(j) limits third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or awards to those contractors capable of successfully performing under the terms and conditions of the proposed contract. Before selecting a contractor for awardxe "Award", the recipientxe "Recipient" must consider such matters as contractor integrityxe "Integrity", compliance with public policyxe "Public Policy", recordxe "Record" of past performancexe "Performance"xe "Past Performance", and financialxe "Financial" and technical resourcesxe "Resources". Debarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension". Debarmentxe "Debarment" and suspensionxe "Suspension" regulationsxe "Regulations" and guidancexe "Guidance" include the following: DOTxe "DOT" Debarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension" Regulationsxe "Regulations". Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation" (DOTxe "DOT") regulationsxe "Regulations", “Nonprocurement Suspensionxe "Suspension" and Debarmentxe "Debarment",” 2?CFR?Part?1200 apply to each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" at any tierxe "Tier" of $25,000 or more, to each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" at any tierxe "Tier" for a federally required auditxe "Audit" (irrespective of the contract amount), and to each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" at any tierxe "Tier" that must be approved by an FTAxe "FTA" officialxe "FTA Official" irrespective of the contract amount. See, 2?CFR?Part?1200. Thus, the recipientxe "Recipient" must apply DOTxe "DOT"’s debarmentxe "Debarment" and suspensionxe "Suspension" requirements to itself and each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or at every tierxe "Tier" to the extent required by DOTxe "DOT"’s regulationsxe "Regulations" that incorporate the requirements of Officexe "Office" of Management and Budget (OMB), “Guidelinesxe "Guidelines" to Agencies on Governmentwide Debarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension" (Nonprocurement),” 2?CFR?Part?180. General Servicesxe "Services" Administrationxe "General Services Administration" (GSAxe "GSA") Excluded Parties Listxe "List" Systemxe "System". Even though the recipientxe "Recipient" may collect a debarmentxe "Debarment" and suspensionxe "Suspension" certificationxe "Certification" from the prospective third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or, or include a clause in the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" requiring disclosurexe "Disclosure", FTAxe "FTA" strongly recommends that the recipientxe "Recipient" check the Excluded Parties Listxe "List" Systemxe "System" (EPLSxe "EPLS" \t "See also, Excluded Parties List System"xe "EPLS"). Now a part of the System for Awards Management (SAM), the EPLS is an electronic, web-based system that identifies those parties excluded from receiving Federal contracts, certain subcontracts, and certain types of Federal financial and non-financial assistance and benefits. The EPLS keeps its user community aware of administrative and statutory exclusions across the entire government, and individuals barred from entering the United States. Go to and the Extracts and Data Access area and click on the Public Data Access box to find the individual firm, individual or vessel you may seek. Statexe "State" Debarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension" Lists. A recipientxe "Recipient" may also treat any prospective contractor or subcontractor listed on a centralized Statexe "State" government debarmentxe "Debarment" and suspensionxe "Suspension" listxe "List" as nonresponsible and ineligible for contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award". Conflictxe "Conflict" of Interestxe "Conflict of Interest". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require the recipientxe "Recipient" to be aware of conflictxe "Conflict" of interestxe "Conflict of Interest" issues a prospective contractor might have, including lack of impartialityxe "Impartiality", impaired objectivityxe "Objectivity", or unfair competitive advantage, as discussed more fully in Chapter VI, paragraph 2.a(4)(h). Lobbyingxe "Lobbying" Certificationxe "Certification" and Disclosurexe "Disclosure". If the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" will exceed $100,000, the recipientxe "Recipient" must obtain a lobbyingxe "Lobbying" certificationxe "Certification" before awarding the contract, and if applicable, a lobbyingxe "Lobbying" disclosurexe "Disclosure" from a prospective third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or. See, DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “New Restrictions on Lobbyingxe "Lobbying"” 49?CFR?Part?20, modified as necessary by 31 U.S.C. Section 1352, which implement the Byrd “Anti-Lobbyingxe "Lobbying"” Amendmentxe "Amendment" \t "See also, Amended"xe "Amendment"xe "Byrd Anti-Lobbying Amendment", 31 U.S.C. Section 1352. Federal Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" Laws and Regulationsxe "Regulations". Each FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" has agreed that it and its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors at each tierxe "Tier" will comply with: Federal Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity" \t "See also, EEO"xe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity" (EEOxe "EEO" \t "See also, Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "EEO") Requirements. These include, but are not limitedxe "Limited" to: Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" in Federal Public Transportationxe "Public Transportation" Programs. 49?U.S.C.?Section 5332, covering projects, programs, and activitiesxe "Activities" financed under 49?U.S.C. Chapter 53 prohibits discrimination on the basis of racexe "Race", colorxe "Color", creedxe "Creed", national originxe "National Origin", sexxe "Sex", or agexe "Age", and prohibits discrimination in employmentxe "Employment" or business opportunityxe "Opportunity"xe "Business Opportunity". Prohibitionxe "Prohibition" Against Employmentxe "Employment" Discrimination. Title VIxe "Title VI" \t "See also, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act"xe "Title VI"Ixe "Title VII" \t "See also, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act"xe "Title VII" of the Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" Actxe "Title VII of the Civil Rights Act" \t "See also, Title VII"xe "Title VII of the Civil Rights Act" of 1964, as amendedxe "Amended", 42 U.S.C. Section?2000e, and Executive Order No. 11246, “Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity",” September?24,?1965, as amendedxe "Amended" by Executive Order No. 11375, October?13,?1967, that prohibit discrimination in employmentxe "Employment" on the basis of racexe "Race", colorxe "Color", religion, sexxe "Sex", or national originxe "National Origin". Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Sexxe "Sex". Title IXxe "Title IX" \t "See also, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972"xe "Title IX" of the Education Amendments of 1972, as amendedxe "Amended", 20 U.S.C. Sections 1681 et seq. and implementing Federal regulationsxe "Regulations", “Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Sexxe "Sex" in Education Programs or Activitiesxe "Activities" Receiving Federal Financialxe "Financial" Assistance,” 49?CFR Part?25 prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexxe "Sex". Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Agexe "Age". The “Agexe "Age" Discrimination Actxe "Age Discrimination Act" of 1974, as amendedxe "Amended", 42 U.S.C. Sections 6101 et seq., and Department of Health and Human Servicesxe "Services" implementing regulationsxe "Regulations", “Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Agexe "Age" in Programs or Activitiesxe "Activities" Receiving Federal Financialxe "Financial" Assistance, 45 CFR Part 90, prohibit discrimination by participants in federally assisted programs against individuals on the basis of agexe "Age". The Agexe "Age" Discrimination in Employmentxe "Employment" Actxe "Age Discrimination in Employment Act" (ADEA), 29 U.S.C. Sections 621 et seq., and Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity" Commission (EEOC) implementing regulationsxe "Regulations", “Agexe "Age" Discrimination in Employmentxe "Employment" Actxe "Age Discrimination in Employment Act",” 29 CFR Part 1625, also prohibit employmentxe "Employment" discrimination against individuals on the basis of agexe "Age". Federal Protections for Individuals with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" \t "See also, Disability"xe "Disabilities". The Americans with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" Actxe "Americans with Disabilities Act" of 1990, as amendedxe "Amended" (ADA), 42?U.S.C.?Sections?12101 et seq., prohibits discrimination against qualifiedxe "Qualified" individuals with disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" in programs, activitiesxe "Activities", and servicesxe "Services", and imposes specific requirements on public and private public and private entities. Third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors must comply with their responsibilities under Titles I, II, III, IV, and V of the ADA in employmentxe "Employment", public servicesxe "Services", public accommodations, telecommunications, and other provisions, many of which are subject to regulationsxe "Regulations" issued by other Federal agencies. Socio-Economicxe "Socio-Economic" Developmentxe "Development". Each FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" must comply with applicable Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" that provide competitive opportunities for a contractor that qualifies as a disadvantaged business enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise" (DBExe "DBE"), minority owned firm, women’s business enterprise, or small business. Disadvantaged Business Enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise"s (DBES). Section 1101 (b) of MAP-21, 23 U.S.C. Section 101 note, extends the Federal statutory requirements that FTA xe "FTA"make available at least 10?percent of its funding under that Act for contracts with small business concerns owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged people. Each FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" and subrecipient of FTA funding assists FTAxe "FTA" in meeting this national goal. To receive FTAxe "FTA" assistance, each FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" and subrecipient of FTA funding must comply with applicable requirements of DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Participationxe "Participation" by Disadvantaged Business Enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise"s in Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation" Financialxe "Financial" Assistance Programs,” 49?CFR Part?26. If the recipientxe "Recipient" is required to have a DBExe "DBE" program, the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s that the recipientxe "Recipient" has included in its DBExe "DBE" program determine whether the recipientxe "Recipient" meets the DBExe "DBE" threshold for goal setting, and the goal if the threshold is met. Small and Minority Firmxe "Small and Minority Firm"s and Women’s Business Enterprises. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require each recipientxe "Recipient" and subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" to take steps to ensure that it uses small and minority firmxe "Small and Minority Firm"s and women’s business enterprises (irrespective of whether they qualify as DBEs) to the fullest extent practicable. Notably, some potential contractors may have established their home office in a Historically Underutilized Business Zone (HUBZonexe "HUBZone). A HUBZonexe "HUBZone small business is determined, qualified, and certified by the Small Business Administration (SBA) and then added to the List of Qualified HUBZonexe "HUBZone Small Business Concerns at SBA’s website at . Although the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" includes laborxe "Labor" surplusxe "Surplus" area firms in the category of firms authorized for special treatment, this circular does not include them because Section 7101(a) of the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994xe "Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994", 15 U.S.C. Section 644 note, enacted after publicationxe "Publication" of the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" removed nearly all laborxe "Labor" surplusxe "Surplus" area preferences. Noticexe "Notice". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s requires each recipientxe "Recipient" to make informationxe "Information" about procurement opportunities available to potentially qualifiedxe "Qualified" firms. Each governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" is directed to include these contractors on solicitationxe "Solicitation" lists and request their participationxe "Participation" when they are potential sources. Contract Sizexe "Size". To foster greater participationxe "Participation" of small and minority firmxe "Small and Minority Firm"s and women’s business enterprises, the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" directs the governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" to divide its total contracting requirements into small tasks or quantities, when economically feasible. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" encourages the non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" to contract with consortia when a contract is too large for one of these firms to handle individually. Deliveryxe "Delivery" Schedulexe "Schedule". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s requires the recipientxe "Recipient" to specify deliveryxe "Delivery" schedules that encourage their participationxe "Participation". Small Business Administration and the Department of Commercexe "Department of Commerce" Minority Business Developmentxe "Development" Agency. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s instructs the recipientxe "Recipient" to use the servicesxe "Services" and assistance of the Small Business Administration and the Department of Commercexe "Department of Commerce"’s Minority Business Developmentxe "Development" Agency. Subcontracting Opportunities. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" directs each governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" to require its prime third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors to include the preceding provisions in FTAxe "FTA" assisted subcontracts. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" directs each non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" to consider whether firms competing for larger contracts intend to subcontractxe "Subcontract" with small businesses, minority-owned firms, and women’s business enterprises. In addition, DOT’s “Disadvantaged Business Enterprise: Program Improvements” amendments to its DBE regulations, effective February 28, 2011, now state that recipients may use race-neutral (and gender-neutral) small business set-asides for prime contracts under a stated amount, although set-asides restricted to DBEs continue to be prohibited except in limited and extreme circumstances.Sensitive Securityxe "Security" Informationxe "Sensitive Security Information"xe "Information". Each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or must protect, and take measures to ensure that its subcontractors at each tierxe "Tier" protect, “sensitive securityxe "Security" informationxe "Sensitive Security Information"xe "Information"” made available during the administration of a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" or subcontractxe "Subcontract" to ensure compliance with 49?U.S.C. Section?40119(b) and implementing DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Protection of Sensitive Securityxe "Security" Informationxe "Sensitive Security Information"xe "Information",” 49?CFR Part?15, and with 49?U.S.C. Section?114(r) and implementing Department of Homeland Securityxe "Security" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Protection of Sensitive Securityxe "Security" Informationxe "Sensitive Security Information"xe "Information",” 49?CFR Part?1520. Seat Beltxe "Seat Belt" Use. In compliance with Federal Executive Order No. 13043, “Increasing Seat Beltxe "Seat Belt" Use in the United States,” April?16,?1997, 23?U.S.C. Section?402?note, FTAxe "FTA" encourages each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or to adopt and promote on-the-job seat beltxe "Seat Belt" use policies and programs for its employees and other personnelxe "Personnel" that operate company owned, rented, or personally operated vehicles, and to include this provisionxe "Provision" in each third party subcontractxe "Subcontract" involving the project. Textingxe "Texting" While Drivingxe "Driving" and Distracted Drivingxe "Driving". Consistent with Executive Order No.?13513, “Federal Leadership on Reducing Text Messaging While Drivingxe "Driving",” October?1,?2009, 23?U.S.C. Section 402 note, and DOTxe "DOT" Order 3902.10, “Text Messaging While Drivingxe "Driving",” December 30, 2009, FTAxe "FTA" encourages each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or to promote policies and initiatives for its employees and other personnelxe "Personnel" that adopt and promote safetyxe "Safety" policies that to decrease crashes by distracted drivers, including policies to ban text messaging while drivingxe "Driving", and to include this provisionxe "Provision" in each third party subcontractxe "Subcontract" involving the project.Administrativexe "Administrative" Restrictions on the Acquisition of Propertyxe "Property" and Servicesxe "Services". The following Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" impose administrativexe "Administrative" requirements, many of which will affect specific third party procurements. Legal Eligibilityxe "Eligibility". The propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" acquired must be eligiblexe "Eligible" for support under the restrictions accompanying the Federal statute authorizingxe "Authorizing" the Federal assistance to be used. Scopexe "Scope" of the Project. The propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" acquired must be eligiblexe "Eligible" for support within the scopexe "Scope" of the underlying grantxe "Grant" or cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement" from which the Federal assistance to be used is derived. Period of Performancexe "Period of Performance"xe "Performance". FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to use sound business judgment and be judicious in establishing and extending a contract’s period of performancexe "Period of Performance"xe "Performance". General Standards. The period of performancexe "Period of Performance"xe "Performance" generally should not exceed the timexe "Time" necessary to accomplish the purpose of the contract. The recipientxe "Recipient" should also consider competitionxe "Competition", pricing, fairness, and public perception. The recipientxe "Recipient"’s procurement files should document its rationale for determining the performancexe "Performance" period designated for each contract. Federal Restrictions. Except for procurements of rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" and replacement part contracts, which are limitedxe "Limited" by lawxe "Law" to five (5) or seven (7) years as discussed in subsection 2.e of this Chapter, the recipientxe "Recipient"’s other third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s (such as propertyxe "Property", servicesxe "Services", leases, constructionxe "Construction", revenue, and so forth) are not encumbered by Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" restricting the maximum periods of performancexe "Performance". Nevertheless, the duration of the recipientxe "Recipient"’s other contracts must be reasonable. Timexe "Time" Extensionxe "Time Extension"s. Consistent with the general tone of the circular, contract timexe "Time" extensionxe "Time Extension"s will be considered in light of whether they are permissible changes or impermissible cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change"s. Once the recipientxe "Recipient" awards the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract", an extension of the contract termxe "Term" length that amounts to a cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change" will require a sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" justificationxe "Justification". Federal Costxe "Cost" Principles. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require project costs to conform to applicable Federal costxe "Cost" principles for allowable costs. In general, costs must be necessary and reasonable, allocable to the project, authorized or not prohibitedxe "Prohibited" "See also, Prohibition"xe "Prohibited" by Federal lawxe "Law" or regulation, and must comply with Federal costxe "Cost" principles applicable to the recipientxe "Recipient". Separate costxe "Cost" principles apply to the following four categories of recipients: Governmental Entities. OMB Guidancexe "Guidance" for Grants and Agreements, “Costxe "Cost"?Principles for Statexe "State", Local, and Indianxe "Indian" Tribal Governmentxe "Indian Tribal Government"s (OMB?Circular A-87),” 2?CFR Part 225, applies to project costs incurred by a recipientxe "Recipient" that is a Statexe "State", local, or Indianxe "Indian" tribal governmentxe "Indian Tribal Government". Educational Institutionsxe "Educational Institutions". OMB Guidancexe "Guidance" for Grants and Agreements, “Costxe "Cost"?Principles for Educational Institutionsxe "Educational Institutions" (OMB Circular A-21),” 2?CFR?Part?220, applies to project costs incurred by a recipientxe "Recipient" that is a public or private institution of higher educationxe "Institution of Higher Education". Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Entities. OMB Guidancexe "Guidance" for Grants and Agreements “Costxe "Cost"?Principles for Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Organizations (OMB Circular A-122),” 2?CFR?Part?230, applies to project costs incurred by a recipientxe "Recipient" that is a private non-profitxe "Non-Profit" entity. For-Profitxe "For-Profit" Entities. FARxe "FAR" at 48 CFR Chapter 1, Subpart 31.2, “Contracts with Commercial Organizations,” applies to project costs incurred by a recipientxe "Recipient" that is a for-profitxe "For-Profit" entity. Paymentxe "Payment" Provisions. The recipientxe "Recipient" may use its own funds to finance its contracts. However, if the recipientxe "Recipient" intends to use FTAxe "FTA" assistance, expects to be reimbursed with FTAxe "FTA" assistance, or dedicates its local sharexe "Local Share" funds to support contract costs it has financed, then it must structurexe "Structure" its paymentxe "Payment" provisions carefully. FTAxe "FTA" Support for the Project. FTAxe "FTA" must indicate its general interest in the project before a recipientxe "Recipient" may use FTAxe "FTA" assistance to finance or reimburse project costs, or use local sharexe "Local Share" funds for project costs. FTAxe "FTA" expresses its general interest in the project when it has taken one of the following actions: Awardxe "Award" Made. FTAxe "FTA" has awarded Federal assistance to the recipientxe "Recipient" through a grantxe "Grant" or cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement" for the underlying project, Preaward Authorityxe "Preaward Authority". FTAxe "FTA" has provided preaward authorityxe "Preaward Authority" for the underlying project through a Federal Registerxe "Federal Register" noticexe "Notice", or Letter of No Prejudicexe "Letter of No Prejudice". FTAxe "FTA" has issued a letter of no prejudicexe "Letter of No Prejudice" for the underlying project. Advance Paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s. Advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s are payments made to a contractor before the contractor incurs contract costs. The recipientxe "Recipient" may use its local sharexe "Local Share" funds for advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s. However, if there is no automatic preaward authorityxe "Preaward Authority" for its project, then advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s made with local sharexe "Local Share" funds before FTAxe "FTA" assistance has been awarded, or before a letter of no prejudicexe "Letter of No Prejudice" has been issued or other preaward authorityxe "Preaward Authority" has been provided, or before FTAxe "FTA" approvalxe "Approval" for the specific advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment" has been obtained, are ineligible for reimbursement. The following principles and restrictions apply: Use of FTAxe "FTA" Assistance Prohibitedxe "Prohibited". The recipientxe "Recipient" may not use FTAxe "FTA"?assistance to make payments to a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or before the contractor has incurred the costs for which the payments would be attributable. Exceptions for Sound Business Reasonxe "Business Reason"s. Apart from advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s that are customaryxe "Customary", as discussed further, FTAxe "FTA" does occasionally make exceptions to its advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment" prohibitions, if the recipientxe "Recipient" can provide sound business reasonxe "Business Reason"s for doing so and has obtained FTAxe "FTA"’s advance written concurrencexe "Concurrence". A recipientxe "Recipient" that seeks to use FTAxe "FTA" assistance to support advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s should contactxe "Contact" the regional officexe "Office" administering its project to obtain FTAxe "FTA" concurrencexe "Concurrence". Adequatexe "Adequate" Securityxe "Security" for Advance Paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s. FTAxe "FTA" recognizes that advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s may be needed for certain costs supported by sound business judgment. Adequatexe "Adequate" securityxe "Security" for the advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment" is an essential pre-conditionxe "Condition" to FTAxe "FTA"’s concurrencexe "Concurrence" in the use of FTAxe "FTA" or local sharexe "Local Share" funds. Customaryxe "Customary" Advance Paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s. FTAxe "FTA" recognizes that advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s are typically required for, but are not limitedxe "Limited" to, public utility connections and servicesxe "Services", rent, tuition, insurance premiums, subscriptions to publications, software licenses, constructionxe "Construction" mobilization costs, transportation, hotel reservations, and conference and convention registrations. Accordingly, the recipientxe "Recipient" may use FTAxe "FTA"?assistance to support or reimburse the costs of such acquisitions. FTAxe "FTA" concurrencexe "Concurrence" is required only when such advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment" or payments customarily required in the marketplace exceed $100,000. In summary, if there are sound business reasonxe "Business Reason"s justifying the advance paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment" and adequatexe "Adequate" securityxe "Security" for the paymentxe "Payment", FTAxe "FTA" will generally concur in a written request for an exceptionxe "Exception". Progress Paymentxe "Progress Payment"s. Progress paymentxe "Progress Payment"s are payments for contract work that has not been completed. The recipientxe "Recipient" may use FTAxe "FTA" assistance to support progress paymentxe "Progress Payment"s provided the recipientxe "Recipient" obtains adequatexe "Adequate" securityxe "Security" for those payments and has sufficient written documentationxe "Documentation" to substantiate the work for which paymentxe "Payment" is requested. Adequatexe "Adequate" Securityxe "Security" for Progress Paymentxe "Progress Payment"s. Adequatexe "Adequate" securityxe "Security" for progress paymentxe "Progress Payment"s may include taking title or obtaining a letter of creditxe "Letter of Credit" or taking equivalent measures to protect the recipientxe "Recipient"’s financialxe "Financial" interest in the progress paymentxe "Progress Payment"xe "Payment". Adequatexe "Adequate" securityxe "Security" should reflect the practical realities of different procurement scenarios and factual circumstances. FTAxe "FTA" acknowledges the practical reality that taking title to work in progress may not be desirable in some circumstances. The recipientxe "Recipient" should always consider the costs associated with providing securityxe "Security" (for example, the recipientxe "Recipient" may need to acquire bonds or letters of credit in the commercial marketplace) and the impact of those costs on the contract pricexe "Price", as well as the consequences of incomplete performancexe "Performance". Adequatexe "Adequate" Documentationxe "Documentation". Sufficient documentationxe "Documentation" is required to demonstrate completion of the amount of work for which progress paymentxe "Progress Payment"s are made. Percentagexe "Percentage" of Completion Methodxe "Method". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s requires that any progress paymentxe "Progress Payment"s for constructionxe "Construction" contracts be made on a percentagexe "Percentage" of completion methodxe "Method" described therein. The recipientxe "Recipient", however, may not make progress paymentxe "Progress Payment"s for other than constructionxe "Construction" contracts based on this percentagexe "Percentage" methodxe "Method". Protections Against Performancexe "Performance" Difficulties. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" authorizes FTAxe "FTA" to require each governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" to include contract provisions that would reduce potential problems that might occur during contract performancexe "Performance". In addition to other clauses that may be approved by the Officexe "Office" of Federal Procurement Policyxe "Office of Federal Procurement Policy", FTAxe "FTA" expects the governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" to include provisions as described below: Changes. FTAxe "FTA" expects a governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" to include changes and changed conditions provisions or clauses in most contracts, except for routine supply contracts. Remediesxe "Remedies". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" authorizes FTAxe "FTA" to require remediesxe "Remedies". Accordingly, FTAxe "FTA" expectations are as follows: Liquidated Damagesxe "Liquidated Damages". FTAxe "FTA" has determined that a recipientxe "Recipient" may use liquidated damagesxe "Liquidated Damages" if the recipientxe "Recipient" reasonably expects to suffer damages through delayed contract completion, or if weight requirements are exceeded, and the extent or amount of such damages are uncertain and would be difficult or impossible to determine. The rate and measurement standards must be calculated to reasonably reflect the recipientxe "Recipient"’s costs should the standards not be met, and must be specified in the solicitationxe "Solicitation" and contract. The assessment for damages is often established at a specific rate per day for each day beyond the contract’s deliveryxe "Delivery" date or performancexe "Performance" period. A measurement other than a day or another period of timexe "Time", however, may be established if that measurement is appropriate, such as weight requirements in a rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" purchasexe "Purchase". The procurement file should include a recordxe "Record" of the calculation and rationale for the amount of damages established. Any liquidated damagesxe "Liquidated Damages" recovered must be credited to the project account involved unless FTAxe "FTA" permits otherwise. We also refer you to Chapter V, paragraph 5(a)(1) for a discussionxe "Discussion" of how liquidated damagesxe "Liquidated Damages" can be used to encourage settlements. Violationxe "Violation" or Breachxe "Breach". Third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s exceeding $100,000 must include administrativexe "Administrative", contractual, or legal remediesxe "Remedies" for violations or breachxe "Breach" of the contract by the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or. Suspensionxe "Suspension" of Workxe "Suspension of Work". FTAxe "FTA" may require provisions pertaining to suspensionxe "Suspension" of workxe "Suspension of Work". Terminationxe "Termination" \t "See also, Terminate"xe "Termination". Terminationxe "Termination" for cause and terminationxe "Termination" for convenience provisions must be included in contracts exceeding $10,000. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" requires administrative, contractual, or legal contract remediesxe "Remedies" in instances in which a contractor violates or breaches terms of a contract that exceeds the small purchase threshold, which FTA recognizes as the simplified acquisition threshold. See, Chapter II, Subsection 3.b. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" also requires terminationxe "Termination" clauses for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" when procurements exceed the small purchase threshold, which FTA recognizes as the simplified acquisition threshold. See, Chapter II, Subsection 3.b. FTAxe "FTA" strongly encourages care in developing appropriate performancexe "Performance" remediesxe "Remedies" in all third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s. Socio-Economicxe "Socio-Economic" Requirements for the Acquisition of Propertyxe "Property" and Servicesxe "Services". The following Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" imposing socio-economicxe "Socio-Economic" requirements may affect a specific procurement: Laborxe "Labor". The following Federal laborxe "Labor" protection laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" may affect the types of propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" that may be acquired with FTAxe "FTA" assistance: Wagexe "Wage" and Hourxe "Wage and Hour" Requirements. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s direct the recipientxe "Recipient" to include provisions in its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s requiring the contractor to compute the wages of every mechanicxe "Mechanic" and laborerxe "Laborer" based on a standardxe "Standard" workweek of 40?hours. Work in excess of the standardxe "Standard" workweek is permitted if the worker is compensated at a rate of not less than one and one-half times the basic rate of pay for all hours worked in excess of 40 hours in the workweek. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require these provisions for compliance with Sections 102 of the Contract Work Hours and Safetyxe "Safety" Standards Actxe "Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act", 40?U.S.C.?Section 3702, and Department of Laborxe "Department of Labor" \t "See also, DOL"xe "Department of Labor"xe "Labor" (DOLxe "DOL" \t "See also, Department of Labor"xe "DOL") regulationsxe "Regulations", “Laborxe "Labor" Standards Provisions Applicable to Contracts Governing Federally Financed and Assisted Constructionxe "Construction" (also Laborxe "Labor" Standards Provisions Applicable to Nonconstruction Contracts Subject to the Contract Work Hours and Safetyxe "Safety" Standards Actxe "Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act"),” 29?CFR?Part?5. Section?4104(c) of the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of?1994xe "Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994", 40?U.S.C. Section 3701(b)(3)(A)(iii), increased the wagexe "Wage" and hourxe "Wage and Hour" thresholds of $2,000 for constructionxe "Construction" work and $2,500 for nonconstruction work set forth in the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s to $100,000. A federally assisted contract must exceed $100,000 before these wagexe "Wage" and hourxe "Wage and Hour" requirements apply to that contract. Fair Laborxe "Labor" Standardsxe "Fair Labor Standards". The Fair Laborxe "Labor" Standardsxe "Fair Labor Standards" Actxe "Fair Labor Standards Act", 29 U.S.C. Sections 201 et seq. applies to employees performing work involving commerce. Veterans Employment. Recipients and subrecipients of Federal financial assistance under this chapter shall ensure that contractors working on a capital project funded using such assistance give a hiring preference, to the extent practicable, to veterans (as defined in section 2108 of title 5) who have the requisite skills and abilities to perform the construction work required under the contract. This subsection shall not be understood, construed or enforced in any manner that would require an employer to give preference to any veteran over any equally qualified applicant who is a member of any racial or ethnic minority, female, an individual with a disability, or former employee.Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights". The following Federal civil rightsxe "Civil Rights" laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" may affect the types of propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" that may be acquired with FTAxe "FTA" assistance: Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" in Federal Public Transportationxe "Public Transportation" Programs. Federal transit lawxe "Law" at 49?U.S.C.?Section?5332, covering projects, programs, and activitiesxe "Activities" financed under 49?U.S.C. Chapter 53 prohibits discrimination on the basis of racexe "Race", colorxe "Color", creedxe "Creed", national originxe "National Origin", sexxe "Sex", or agexe "Age", and prohibits discrimination in employmentxe "Employment" or business opportunityxe "Opportunity"xe "Business Opportunity". Title VIxe "Title VI" of the Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" Actxe "Title VI of the Civil Rights Act" \t "See also, Title VI"xe "Title VI of the Civil Rights Act". In determining the types of propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" to acquire, no personxe "Person" in the United States shall, on the grounds of racexe "Race", colorxe "Color", or national originxe "National Origin", be excluded from participationxe "Participation" in, be denied the benefits of, or otherwise be subjected to discrimination under any program or activityxe "Activity" receiving Federal financialxe "Financial" assistance in violationxe "Violation" of Title VIxe "Title VI" of the Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" Actxe "Title VI of the Civil Rights Act" of 1964, as amendedxe "Amended", 42?U.S.C. Sections?2000d et seq. and DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" in Federally Assisted Programs of the Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation"—Effectuation of Title VIxe "Title VI" of the Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" Actxe "Title VI of the Civil Rights Act" of 1964,” 49?CFR Part?21. In addition, FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 4702.1, “Title VIxe "Title VI" and Title?VIxe "Title VI"-Dependent Guidelinesxe "Guidelines" for FTAxe "FTA" Recipients,” 05-13-07, provides FTAxe "FTA" guidancexe "Guidance" and instructions for implementing DOTxe "DOT"’s Title VIxe "Title VI"0020 regulationsxe "Regulations". Environmentalxe "Environmental" Justicexe "Environmental Justice". Executive Order No. 12898, “Federal Actions to Address Environmentalxe "Environmental" Justicexe "Environmental Justice" in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations,” February?11,?1994, 42 U.S.C. Section 4321 note, and DOTxe "DOT"?Order 5610.2, “Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation" (DOTxe "DOT") Order To Address Environmentalxe "Environmental" Justicexe "Environmental Justice" in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations,” 62?FR 18377, April 15, 1997, protect minority populations and low-income populations against disproportionately high and adverse effects of federally assisted programs. FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 4702.1, “Title?VIxe "Title VI" and Title VIxe "Title VI"-Dependent Guidelinesxe "Guidelines" for FTAxe "FTA" Recipients,” 05-13-07, also provides FTAxe "FTA" guidancexe "Guidance" and instructions for implementing the DOTxe "DOT" Order on Environmentalxe "Environmental" Justicexe "Environmental Justice". Limitedxe "Limited" English Proficiencyxe "Limited English Proficiency" \t "See also, LEP"xe "Limited English Proficiency" (LEPxe "LEP" \t "See also, Limited English Proficiency"xe "LEP"). Executive Order No. 13166, “Improving Accessxe "Access" to Servicesxe "Services" for Persons with Limitedxe "Limited" English Proficiencyxe "Limited English Proficiency",” August?11,?2000, 42 U.S.C. Section 2000d-1 note, and DOTxe "DOT", “Policy Guidancexe "Guidance" Concerning Recipients’ Responsibilities to Limitedxe "Limited" English Proficient (LEPxe "LEP") Persons,” December 14, 2005, clarifies the responsibilities of recipients of Federal financialxe "Financial" assistance from DOTxe "DOT" and assists them in fulfilling their responsibilities to LEPxe "LEP" persons, pursuant to Title VIxe "Title VI" of the Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" Actxe "Title VI of the Civil Rights Act" of 1964 and implementing regulationsxe "Regulations". FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 4702.1, “Title VIxe "Title VI" and Title?VIxe "Title VI"-Dependent Guidelinesxe "Guidelines" for FTAxe "FTA" Recipients,” 05-13-07, also provides FTAxe "FTA" guidancexe "Guidance" and instructions for implementing the DOTxe "DOT" Policy Guidancexe "Guidance". Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Disabilityxe "Disability" \t "See also, Disabilities"xe "Disability". The recipientxe "Recipient" agrees to comply, and assures the compliance of each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or and each subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" at any tierxe "Tier" of the project, with the applicable laws and regulationsxe "Regulations", discussed below, for nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the basis of disabilityxe "Disability". Section 504 of the Rehabilitationxe "Rehabilitation" Actxe "Rehabilitation Act" of 1973, as amendedxe "Amended" (Section 504), 29 U.S.C. Section 794, prohibits discrimination on the basis of disabilityxe "Disability" by recipients of Federal financialxe "Financial" assistance. The Americans with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" Actxe "Americans with Disabilities Act" of 1990, as amendedxe "Amended" (ADA), 42?U.S.C. Sections 12101 et seq., prohibits discrimination against qualifiedxe "Qualified" individuals with disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" in all programs, activitiesxe "Activities", and servicesxe "Services" of public entities, as well as imposes specific requirements on public and private providers of transportation. DOTxe "DOT" Public Transportationxe "Public Transportation" Regulationsxe "Regulations" implementing Section 504 and the?ADA. These regulationsxe "Regulations" include DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Handicapxe "Handicap" in Programs and Activitiesxe "Activities" Receiving or Benefiting from Federal Financialxe "Financial" Assistance,” 49?CFR Part?27, DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Transportation Servicesxe "Services" for Individuals with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" (ADA),” 49?CFR Part?37, and Joint Architecturalxe "Architectural" and Transportation Barriersxe "Barriers" Compliance Boardxe "Joint Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board" (ATBCB)/DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Americans With Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" (ADA) Accessibility Specifications for Transportation Vehicles,” 36?CFR Part?1192 and 49?CFR Part?38. Examples of requirements include, but are not limitedxe "Limited" to, the following: Designxe "Design" and Constructionxe "Construction". Accessibility requirements for the designxe "Design" and constructionxe "Construction" of new transportation facilities; Accessibility and Usabilityxe "Usability". Requirements that vehicles acquired (with limitedxe "Limited" exceptions) be accessiblexe "Accessible"xe "Accessible" to and usable by individuals with disabilitiesxe "Disabilities", including individuals using wheelchairs; Complementary Paratransitxe "Paratransit" Servicexe "Service". Requirements that public entities providing fixed-route servicexe "Service", (including a private non-profitxe "Non-Profit" entity providing public transportationxe "Public Transportation" servicexe "Service" on behalf of the Statexe "State" or designated recipientxe "Recipient" as a subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" providing fixed-route servicexe "Service"), provide complementary paratransitxe "Paratransit" servicexe "Service" to individuals with disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" who cannot use the fixed-route servicexe "Service"; Equalxe "Equal" Opportunityxe "Opportunity". Requirements for compliance with servicexe "Service" requirements intended to ensure that individuals with disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" are afforded equalxe "Equal" opportunityxe "Opportunity" to use transportation systems and servicesxe "Services". Electronicxe "Electronic" Reports and Informationxe "Information". Reports and other informationxe "Information" prepared in electronicxe "Electronic" format developed in connection with a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" that the recipientxe "Recipient" intends to provide to FTAxe "FTA", among others, whether as a contract end item or in compliance with contract administration provisions, must comply with the accessibility standards of Section 508 of the Rehabilitationxe "Rehabilitation" Actxe "Rehabilitation Act" of 1973, as amendedxe "Amended", 29 U.S.C. Section 794d, and ATBCB regulationsxe "Regulations", “Electronicxe "Electronic" and Informationxe "Information" Technologyxe "Technology"xe "Information Technology" Accessibility Standards,” 36?CFR?Part?1194. Environmentalxe "Environmental" Protections. Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" require the recipientxe "Recipient" to comply with applicable environmentalxe "Environmental" requirements and implement them as necessary through third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s. Environmentalxe "Environmental" Mitigationxe "Mitigation". FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to include adequatexe "Adequate" third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" provisions to facilitate compliance with environmentalxe "Environmental" mitigationxe "Mitigation" measures it has agreed to implement. National Environmentalxe "Environmental" Policy Act. Certain acquisitions and the timing of certain acquisitions can adversely affect the environmentalxe "Environmental" reviewxe "Review" processxe "Process" for a project constituting a major Federal action, and may result in a violationxe "Violation" of the National Environmentalxe "Environmental" Policy Actxe "National Environmental Policy Act" (NEPA), 42?U.S.C.?Sections?4321 through 4335, and joint FHWA/FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Environmentalxe "Environmental" Impact and Related Procedures,” 23?C.F.R. Part?771 and 49?C.F.R. Part?622. Propertyxe "Property". The recipientxe "Recipient" may not enter into binding arrangements for the acquisition of propertyxe "Property" that may or would affect environmentalxe "Environmental" impact determinations with respect to the underlying project or otherwise interfere with any required environmentalxe "Environmental" impact reviews until applicable environmentalxe "Environmental" impact determinations have been made. Servicesxe "Services". Council on Environmentalxe "Environmental" Qualityxe "Quality"xe "Council on Environmental Quality" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Other Requirements of NEPA,” 40 CFR Part 1506, at Section 1506.5(c), require the recipientxe "Recipient" to obtain a disclosurexe "Disclosure" statement from the contractor selected to prepare an environmentalxe "Environmental" impact statement specifying that the contractor has no financialxe "Financial" or other interest in the outcome of the project. Parks, Recreation Areaxe "Recreation Area"s, Wildlifexe "Wildlife" and Waterfowlxe "Waterfowl" Refuges, and Historic Sites. DOTxe "DOT"’s enabling legislationxe "Legislation" has special requirements designed to protect publicly owned parks, recreation areaxe "Recreation Area"s, wildlifexe "Wildlife" and waterfowlxe "Waterfowl" refuges, and historic sites, at 49?U.S.C. Sections?303(b) and 303(c) (often referred to as “Section?4(f)”), that may affect the timing and methods of recipientxe "Recipient" procurements. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and FTAxe "FTA" have published implementing regulationsxe "Regulations", “Parks, Recreation Areaxe "Recreation Area"s, Wildlifexe "Wildlife" and Waterfowlxe "Waterfowl" Refuges, and Historic Sites,” 23?CFR Parts?771 and 774, and 49?CFR Part?622. Clean Airxe "Air". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s specifically prohibit the use of facilities included in the Environmentalxe "Environmental" Protection Agencyxe "Environmental Protection Agency" \t "See also, EPA"xe "Environmental Protection Agency" (EPAxe "EPA" \t "See also, Environmental Protection Agency"xe "EPA") “Listxe "List" of Violating Facilities,” in the performancexe "Performance" of any third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" at any tierxe "Tier" exceeding $100,000. The contractor must also comply with all applicable standards, orders, or regulationsxe "Regulations" issued under Section 306 of the Clean Airxe "Air" Actxe "Clean Air Act", as amendedxe "Amended", 42?U.S.C. Section 7414, and other applicable provisions of the Clean Airxe "Air" Actxe "Clean Air Act", as amendedxe "Amended", 42 U.S.C. Sections 7401 through 7671q. Clean Waterxe "Water". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s specifically prohibit the use of facilities included in the EPAxe "EPA" “Listxe "List" of Violating Facilities,” in the performancexe "Performance" of any third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" at any tierxe "Tier" exceeding $100,000. The contractor must also comply with all applicable standards, orders, or regulationsxe "Regulations" issued under Section 508 of the Clean Waterxe "Water" Actxe "Clean Water Act", as amendedxe "Amended", 33?U.S.C. Section 1368, and other applicable requirements of the Clean Waterxe "Water" Actxe "Clean Water Act", as amendedxe "Amended", 33?U.S.C. Sections 1251 through 1377. Recycledxe "Recycled" Products. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Actxe "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act" of 1976, 42?U.S.C. Section 6962, requires governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s to provide a competitive preferencexe "Preference" to products and servicesxe "Services" that conserve natural resourcesxe "Resources", protect the environmentxe "Environment", and are energyxe "Energy" efficient. EPAxe "EPA" guidelinesxe "Guidelines", “Comprehensive Procurement Guideline for Products Containing Recovered Materials,” 40 CFR Part 247, direct that third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s of $10,000 or more with governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s specify a competitive preferencexe "Preference" for products containing recycledxe "Recycled" materials identified in those EPAxe "EPA" guidelinesxe "Guidelines". For informationxe "Information" about EPAxe "EPA"’s recovered materials advisory notices, see EPAxe "EPA"’s Web sitexe "Web site": . Other Federal Environmentalxe "Environmental" Protection Requirements. Additional third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" provisions may be needed for compliance with other Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations". FTAxe "FTA"’s Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" includes environmentalxe "Environmental" laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" that may affect the acquisition of propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" with FTAxe "FTA" assistance such as various provisions to protect wild and scenic rivers, manage coastal zonexe "Coastal Zone"s, protect wetlands, conserve endangered species, and protect fisheries, archeological sites, and Indianxe "Indian" sacred sites. Energyxe "Energy" Conservation. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" provisions as necessary for compliance with applicable energyxe "Energy" efficiency standards and policies of Statexe "State" energyxe "Energy" conservation plans issued under the Energyxe "Energy" Policy and Conservation Actxe "Energy Policy and Conservation Act", as amendedxe "Amended", 42 U.S.C. Sections 6321 et seq. Preferencexe "Preference" for U.S. Propertyxe "Property"—Buy Americaxe "Buy America". FTAxe "FTA"’s “Buy Americaxe "Buy America"” law and regulationsxe "Regulations" apply to projects that involve the purchasexe "Purchase" of more than $100,000 of iron, steel, manufactured goods, or rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" to be delivered to the recipientxe "Recipient" to be used in the FTAxe "FTA" assisted project. If FTA funds are used for the project, Buy America requirements apply to all procurement contracts under the project irrespective of whether a recipient decides to fund a discrete part of the project without FTA funds. Only if an activity is outside the FTA project and is financed entirely without funds to which FTA’s Buy America regulations would apply may the recipient disregard FTA’s Buy America requirements. Propertyxe "Property" that the contractor acquires to fabricate a deliverable for the recipientxe "Recipient", such as tools, machinery, and other equipmentxe "Equipment" or facilities, is not subject to FTAxe "FTA"’s Buy Americaxe "Buy America" requirements unless the recipientxe "Recipient" intends to take possession of that property upon completion of the project. Thus, if a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or is acquiring propertyxe "Property" for its general inventory of equipmentxe "Equipment" or facilities to conduct its overall business affairs, the recipientxe "Recipient" may enter the costxe "Cost" of that acquisition into its calculations of overheadxe "Overhead" amounts applicable to the FTAxe "FTA" assisted project irrespective of whether the propertyxe "Property" acquired would comply with FTAxe "FTA"’s Buy Americaxe "Buy America" regulationsxe "Regulations". FTAxe "FTA"’s Buy Americaxe "Buy America" statute does not pre-empt Statexe "State" laws with stricter requirements on the use of foreignxe "Foreign" articles, materials, and supplies. FTAxe "FTA" cautions that its Buy Americaxe "Buy America" regulationsxe "Regulations" that apply to FTAxe "FTA" assisted third party procurements, published at 49 CFR Part 661, differ from Federal “Buy Americaxe "Buy America"n Act” regulationsxe "Regulations" that apply to direct Federal procurements, published in the FARxe "FAR" at 48 CFR Chapter 1, Subparts 25.1 and 25.2. FTAxe "FTA" strongly recommends that the recipientxe "Recipient" reviewxe "Review" FTAxe "FTA"’s Buy Americaxe "Buy America" regulationsxe "Regulations" before undertaking any FTAxe "FTA" assisted procurement. Shipments of Propertyxe "Property"—U.S. Flag Requirements. Shipments by Ocean Vesselxe "Ocean Vessel". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" provisions to ensure compliance with 46 U.S.C. Section 55303 and Maritime Administration regulationsxe "Regulations", “Cargo Preferencexe "Preference"xe "Cargo Preference"U.S. Flag Vessels,” 46 CFR Part 381, implementing the codified Cargo Preferencexe "Preference"xe "Cargo Preference" Actxe "Cargo Preference Act". With few exceptions, the regulationsxe "Regulations" require that U.S. Flag vessels be used to transport at least 50 percent of any federally assisted propertyxe "Property". Shipments by Airxe "Air" Carrierxe "Air Carrier". Third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s involving shipments of federally assisted propertyxe "Property" by airxe "Air" carrierxe "Air Carrier" will require provisions to ensure compliance with Section 5 of the Internationalxe "International" Airxe "Air" Transportation Fair Competitive Practices Actxe "International Air Transportation Fair Competitive Practices Act" \t "See also, Fly America Act"xe "International Air Transportation Fair Competitive Practices Act" of 1974, as amendedxe "Amended" (“Fly Americaxe "Fly America"” Act), 49?U.S.C. Section 40118, and GSAxe "GSA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Use of United States Flag Airxe "Air" Carrierxe "Air Carrier"s,” 41?CFR Sections?301-10.131 through 301-10.143. The regulationsxe "Regulations" require shipment by U.S. flag airxe "Air" carrierxe "Air Carrier"s unless such carriers are not reasonably available within the standards of GSAxe "GSA"’s implementing regulationsxe "Regulations". Project Travelxe "Travel"—Use of U.S. Flag Airxe "Air" Carrierxe "Air Carrier"s. Third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s to acquire transportation by airxe "Air" carrierxe "Air Carrier" needed by people participating in a federally assisted project require provisions to ensure compliance with Section 5 of the Internationalxe "International" Airxe "Air" Transportation Fair Competitive Practices Actxe "International Air Transportation Fair Competitive Practices Act" of 1974, as amendedxe "Amended" (“Fly?Americaxe "Fly America"” Act), 49 U.S.C. Section 40118, and GSAxe "GSA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Use of United States Flag Airxe "Air" Carrierxe "Air Carrier"s,” 41 CFR Sections 30110.131 through 30110.143. The regulationsxe "Regulations" require transportation by U.S. flag airxe "Air" carrierxe "Air Carrier"s unless U.S. flag airxe "Air" carrierxe "Air Carrier"s are not reasonably available within the standards of the GSAxe "GSA"’s implementing regulationsxe "Regulations". Technical Restrictions on the Acquisition of Propertyxe "Property" and Servicesxe "Services". The following Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" imposing technical requirements may affect a specific procurement: Intelligent Transportation Systemxe "Intelligent Transportation System" \t "See also, ITS"xe "Intelligent Transportation System"s. Intelligent transportation systemxe "Intelligent Transportation System"xe "System" (ITSxe "ITS" \t "See also, Intelligent Transportation System"xe "ITS") propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" must comply with the National ITSxe "ITS" Architecturexe "Architecture" and Standards to the extent required by 23 U.S.C. Section 517(d) andxe "SAFETEA-LU" FTAxe "FTA" Noticexe "Notice", “FTAxe "FTA" National ITSxe "ITS" Architecturexe "Architecture" Policy on Transit Projects,” 66?FR 1455 et?seq., January?8, 2001, and later published policies or implementing directives FTAxe "FTA" may issue. Consequently, third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s involving ITSxe "ITS" are likely to require provisions to ensure compliance with Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". Metricxe "Metric" Measurements. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require the recipientxe "Recipient" to accept propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" with dimensions expressed in metricxe "Metric" measurements, to the extent practicable and feasible, in compliance with the Metricxe "Metric" Conversion Act, as amendedxe "Amended" by the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Actxe "Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act", 15?U.S.C. Sections?205a et seq.; Executive Order No. 12770, “Metricxe "Metric" Usage in Federal Government Programs,” July?25,?1991, 15 U.S.C. Section 205a note; and applicable Federal regulationsxe "Regulations". Use of $1 Coins. To comply with Section 104 of the Presidential $1 Coinxe "Coin" Actxe "Presidential $1 Coin Act" of?2005, 31 U.S.C. Section 5312(p), FTAxe "FTA" assisted propertyxe "Property" that requires the use of coins or currency in public transportationxe "Public Transportation" servicexe "Service" or supporting servicexe "Service" must be fully capable of accepting and dispensing $1 coins. Rolling Stockxe "Rolling Stock"—Special Requirements. The following Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" impose requirements that may affect rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" procurements: Accessibility. Rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" must comply with the accessibility requirements of DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Transportation Servicesxe "Services" for Individuals with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" (ADA),” 49?CFR Part 37, and Joint ATBCB/DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Americans with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" (ADA) Accessibility Specifications for Transportation Vehicles,” 36?CFR Part?1192 and 49?CFR Part?38. Transit Vehicle Manufacturerxe "Transit Vehicle Manufacturer" \t "See also, TVM"xe "Transit Vehicle Manufacturer" Compliance with DBExe "DBE" Requirements. Before a transit vehicle manufacturerxe "Transit Vehicle Manufacturer" (TVMxe "TVM" \t "See also, Transit Vehicle Manufacturer"xe "TVM") may submit a bidxe "Bid" or proposalxe "Proposal" to provide vehicles to be financed with FTAxe "FTA" assistance, 49 CFR Section 26.49 requires the TVMxe "TVM" to submit a certificationxe "Certification" that it has complied with FTAxe "FTA"’s DBExe "DBE" requirements. Minimum Servicexe "Service" Lifexe "Service Life". FTAxe "FTA" requires each recipientxe "Recipient" to maintain satisfactory continuing control of FTAxe "FTA" assisted propertyxe "Property". For buses and certain other vehicles, FTAxe "FTA" has established minimum servicexe "Service" lifexe "Service Life" policies that may affect the quantityxe "Quantity" of vehicles that the recipientxe "Recipient" may acquire. See, the most recent versions of FTAxe "FTA"?Circularxe "FTA Circular"?5010.1, “Grantxe "Grant" Managementxe "Grant Management" Requirements,” FTAxe "FTA"?Circularxe "FTA Circular" 9030.1, “Urbanized Area Formula Program: Grantxe "Grant" Application Instructions,” and FTAxe "FTA"?Circularxe "FTA Circular" 9300.1, “Capital Program: Grantxe "Grant" Application Instructions,” that addresses minimum servicexe "Service" lifexe "Service Life" for vehicles. Spare Ratioxe "Spare Ratio"s. While all FTAxe "FTA" assistance for third party procurements must be limitedxe "Limited" to propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" the recipientxe "Recipient" will use in the near future, FTAxe "FTA" is concerned that the recipientxe "Recipient" does not acquire an excessive number of spare vehicles not regularly used in public transportationxe "Public Transportation" servicexe "Service". Airxe "Air" Pollutionxe "Pollution" and Fuel Economyxe "Fuel Economy". Each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" to acquire rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" must include provisions to ensure compliance with applicable Federal airxe "Air" pollutionxe "Pollution" control and fuel economyxe "Fuel Economy" regulationsxe "Regulations", such as EPAxe "EPA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Control of Airxe "Air" Pollutionxe "Pollution" from Mobile Sources,” 40?CFR Part?85; EPAxe "EPA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Control of Airxe "Air" Pollutionxe "Pollution" from New and In-Use Motor Vehicles and New and In-Use Motor Vehicle Engines,” 40?CFR Part?86; and EPAxe "EPA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Fuel Economyxe "Fuel Economy" of Motor Vehicles,” 40?CFR Part?600. Preaward Reviewxe "Review" and Post Deliveryxe "Delivery" Reviewxe "Review". Each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" to acquire rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" must include provisions for compliance with applicable requirements of 49?U.S.C. Section 5323(m) and those provisions of FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Pre-Awardxe "Award" and Post-Deliveryxe "Delivery" Audits of Rolling Stockxe "Rolling Stock" Purchases,” 49?CFR Part 663, that do not conflictxe "Conflict" with 49?U.S.C. Section 5323(m). Busxe "Bus" Testingxe "Bus Testing". Each third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" to acquire a new busxe "Bus" model or a busxe "Bus" with significant alterations to an existing model must include provisions to assure compliance with applicable requirements of 49 U.S.C. Section 5318, as amended by MAP-21, and FTA regulations, “Bus Testing,” 49 CFR Part 665.In-Statexe "State"xe "In-State" Dealers. The recipientxe "Recipient" may not limit its third party busxe "Bus" procurements to its in-Statexe "State"xe "In-State" dealers, 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(i). Although FTAxe "FTA" respects Statexe "State" licensingxe "Licensing" requirements, FTAxe "FTA" is prohibitedxe "Prohibited" by lawxe "Law" from providing FTAxe "FTA" assistance to support busxe "Bus" procurements that have the result of limiting competitionxe "Competition" to entities that have been able to obtain a Statexe "State" licensexe "License". Basis for Contract Awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Basis for Contract Award"xe "Award". As permitted by 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(f), the recipientxe "Recipient" may awardxe "Award" a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" for rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" based on initial capital costs, or based on performancexe "Performance", standardization, life cycle costs, and other factors, or by selectionxe "Selection" through a competitive procurement processxe "Process". Time Limits for Options on Rolling Stock Contracts. MAP-21 amended 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(e)(1) by adding subsections (A) and (B), retaining the five (5) year option for the procurement of buses, while extending the option for rail procurements to seven (7) years. Consequently:(a)Buses. A recipient:1May enter into a multi-year contract to acquire buses or replacement parts, with an option not exceeding five(5) years to buy additional buses or replacement parts, 49?U.S.C. Section 5325(e)(1)(A), but2May not exercise the option to acquire buses or replacement parts later than five (5) years after the date of its original contract.(b)Rail. A recipient:1May enter into a multi-year contract to acquire railcars or replacement parts, with an option not exceeding five(5) years to buy additional railcars or replacement parts, 49?U.S.C. Section 5325(e)(1)(B), but2May not exercise the option to acquire railcars or replacement parts later than seven (7) years after the date of its original contract.FTA interprets these five and seven-year periods as covering the recipient‘s “material requirements” for rolling stock and replacement needs from the first day when the contract becomes effective to its “material requirements” at the end of the fifth or seventh year, as applicable. In the case of rolling stock, which frequently cannot be delivered expeditiously, FTA recognizes that a recipient‘s “material requirements” for rolling stock will necessarily precede its actual need to put that rolling stock to use in public transportation service. This means that the contract may not have options for more rolling stock and replacement parts than a recipient‘s material requirements for the applicable five or seven-year period. This does not mean the recipient must obtain delivery, acceptance, or even fabrication in five or seven years. Instead it means only that FTA limits a contract to purchasing no more than the recipient‘s material requirements for rolling stock or replacement parts for five or seven years based on the effective date of the contract.Public Transportationxe "Public Transportation" Servicesxe "Services"—Special Requirements. Although the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s refer to the following Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" in the context of federally assisted procurements, these requirements will affect how a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or implements its contract to provide public transportationxe "Public Transportation" servicesxe "Services" financed with Federal assistance. Consequently, the recipientxe "Recipient" must include provisions in its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" ensuring compliance with the following requirements, or the recipientxe "Recipient" must obtain the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or’s agreement in another form, as a matter of contractor responsibilityxe "Responsibility", to ensure compliance with the following: Protections for Public Transportationxe "Public Transportation" Employees. When the recipientxe "Recipient" acquires public transportationxe "Public Transportation" servicesxe "Services" from a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or, the terms of the recipientxe "Recipient"’s DOLxe "DOL" certificationxe "Certification" of public transportationxe "Public Transportation" employeexe "Employee" protective arrangements will apply to work under the contract provided by those employees covered by the certificationxe "Certification". That certificationxe "Certification" is required by 49?U.S.C. Section?5333(b) (often referred to as “13(c)”) and implementing DOLxe "DOL"?guidelinesxe "Guidelines", “Section?5333(b), Federal Transit Lawxe "Law",” 29 CFR Part 215. Consequently, the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or must comply with the terms of that DOLxe "DOL"?certificationxe "Certification". The Fair Laborxe "Labor" Standardsxe "Fair Labor Standards" Actxe "Fair Labor Standards Act", 29 U.S.C. Sections 201 et seq., also applies to public transportationxe "Public Transportation" employees performing work involving commerce. Drug Use and Testingxe "Drug Use and Testing" and Alcohol Misuse and Testingxe "Alcohol Misuse and Testing". A third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or providing servicesxe "Services" involving the performancexe "Performance" of safetyxe "Safety" sensitive activitiesxe "Activities" must comply with 49 U.S.C. Section?5331 and FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Prevention of Alcohol Misuse and Prohibitedxe "Prohibited" Drug Use in Transit Operations,” 49 CFR Part 655. Accessibility. A third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or providing public transportationxe "Public Transportation" servicesxe "Services" must operate its servicesxe "Services" in compliance with 42?U.S.C. Sections 12101 et?seq.; DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Transportation Servicesxe "Services" for Individuals with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" (ADA)” using facilities and equipmentxe "Equipment" that comply with 49?CFR Part?37; and Joint ATBCB/DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Americans with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" (ADA) Accessibility Specifications for Transportation Vehicles,” 36?CFR Part 1192 and 49?CFR?Part?38. Private entities must comply with the requirements of 49?CFR?Part 37 applicable to public entities with which they contract to provide public transportationxe "Public Transportation" servicesxe "Services". The recipientxe "Recipient" should advise its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors operating public transportationxe "Public Transportation" servicesxe "Services" to reviewxe "Review" the requirements for public entities in this context. Protection of Animals. A third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or providing servicesxe "Services" involving the use of animals must comply with the Animalxe "Animal" Welfare Actxe "Animal Welfare Act", 7 U.S.C. Sections 2131 et seq. and Department of Agriculturexe "Department of Agriculture" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Animalxe "Animal" Welfare,” 9?CFR Subchapter?A,?Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4. Charterxe "Charter" Servicexe "Service" Restrictions. A third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or performing servicesxe "Services" using FTAxe "FTA" assisted facilities or equipmentxe "Equipment" may not use those facilities or that equipmentxe "Equipment" to support any charterxe "Charter" servicexe "Service" operations except as permitted by 49?U.S.C. Section?5323(d) and FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Charterxe "Charter" Servicexe "Service",” 49?CFR?Part 604. Schoolxe "School" Busxe "Bus" Restrictions. A third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or performing servicesxe "Services" using FTAxe "FTA" assisted facilities or equipmentxe "Equipment" may not use those facilities or that equipmentxe "Equipment" to support exclusive schoolxe "School" busxe "Bus" operations except as permitted by 49 U.S.C. Sections?5323(f) or (g) and FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Schoolxe "School" Busxe "Bus" Operations,” 49?CFR?Part?605, to the extent consistent with 49 U.S.C. Sections?5323(f) or?(g). Artxe "Art". FTAxe "FTA" recommends the following principles be used in procuring artxe "Art" works or the servicesxe "Services" of artists: Choosing Artxe "Art" Works and Servicesxe "Services" of Artists. The appropriate selectionxe "Selection" processxe "Process" should vary among projects, depending upon the nature and scopexe "Scope" of the project, characteristics of the site, resourcesxe "Resources" of the communityxe "Community", and Statexe "State" and local lawxe "Local Law"s and regulationsxe "Regulations". The recipientxe "Recipient"’s procedures should consist of the following: Processxe "Process". A justifiable processxe "Process" demonstrating appropriate use of public funds that gives serious consideration to a variety of artists available and capable of working on the project. Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination". Artists, regardless of racexe "Race", colorxe "Color", creedxe "Creed", national originxe "National Origin", sexxe "Sex", or agexe "Age", are eligiblexe "Eligible" for consideration. Communityxe "Community" Participationxe "Participation". The communityxe "Community" surrounding the future facility participates in the selectionxe "Selection" processxe "Process". This could include all levels of participationxe "Participation", including supplying informationxe "Information", attending panel meetings, and being voting members of the panel. The extent and typexe "Type" of participationxe "Participation" should be determined by the commissioning entity and be appropriate to both the project and the communityxe "Community". Selectionxe "Selection". Selectionxe "Selection" of artxe "Art" works or artists, or both, recommended to the recipientxe "Recipient" is determined by a panel of artxe "Art" and designxe "Design" professionals that may include, but need not be limitedxe "Limited" to, artxe "Art" administrators, artists, curators, and architects, and may include members of the communityxe "Community". Criteriaxe "Criteria" for Artxe "Art" in Federally Assisted Transit Projects. When artists are involved in the planningxe "Planning" and designxe "Design" of transit projects and/or when individual works of artxe "Art" are commissioned, the following should be considered: Qualityxe "Quality". Qualityxe "Quality" of the artxe "Art" or designxe "Design", Effectxe "Effect". Impact on the public, Relationship. Connection to the site or the adjacent communityxe "Community", or both; artxe "Art" that relates, in form or substance, to the cultures, people, natural or built surroundings, or historyxe "History" of the area in which the project is located, Suitability. Appropriateness for the site, including safetyxe "Safety" and scale, Resilience. Durability of materials and fabricationxe "Fabrication", Indestructibility. Resistance to vandalism, and Preservation. Minimum maintenance. Compensationxe "Compensation" of Artists. Artists may be paid a fixed fee or an hourly wagexe "Wage" with a cap, similar to other FTAxe "FTA" standardxe "Standard" fees or wages for procurement of designxe "Design" professional servicesxe "Services", in addition to other federally approved costs that may be recognized under the contract. Prohibitionxe "Prohibition". Artistic undertakings that promote specific private or corporate business interests are ineligible for FTAxe "FTA" funding. Architecturalxe "Architectural" Engineeringxe "Architectural Engineering"xe "Engineering" (A&Exe "A&E") and Related Servicesxe "Services"—Special Requirements. Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" impose the following requirements on A&Exe "A&E" and related procurements: Qualifications-Basedxe "Qualifications-Based" Requirements. For projects related to or leading to constructionxe "Construction", an FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" must use the qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" of 40?U.S.C. Chapter?11 (“Brooks Actxe "Brooks Act"” procedures) when contracting for A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services" and other servicesxe "Services" described in 49?U.S.C.?Section?5325(b), which include program managementxe "Program Management", constructionxe "Construction" managementxe "Construction Management", feasibility studiesxe "Feasibility Studies", preliminary engineeringxe "Preliminary Engineering"xe "Engineering", designxe "Design", architecturalxe "Architectural", engineeringxe "Engineering", surveyingxe "Surveying", mappingxe "Mapping", or related servicesxe "Services". Relation to Constructionxe "Construction". The nature of the servicesxe "Services" to be performed and its relationship to constructionxe "Construction", not the nature of the prospective contractor, determines whether qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" may be used. Purpose of Servicesxe "Services". FTAxe "FTA" has long administered the requirementxe "Requirement" for using qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" for selectionxe "Selection" of contractors that perform A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services", generally associated with the constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" of real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property". FTAxe "FTA" interprets 49?U.S.C. Section?5325(b) to authorize the use of qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" only for those servicesxe "Services" that directly support or are directly connected or related to constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" of real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property". FTAxe "FTA"’s interpretation of 49?U.S.C. Section 5325(b) is consistent with typical Federal policies implementing the “Brooks Actxe "Brooks Act",” 40?U.S.C. Section?1102, which limits qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" to researchxe "Research", planningxe "Planning", developmentxe "Development", designxe "Design", constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" of real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property". Thus if servicesxe "Services", such as program managementxe "Program Management", feasibility studiesxe "Feasibility Studies", or mappingxe "Mapping", are not directly in support of, directly connected to, or directly related to, or lead to constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" of real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property", then the recipientxe "Recipient" may not use qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" to select the contractor that will perform those servicesxe "Services". Requirements in the Context of a Constructionxe "Construction" Project. A project involving constructionxe "Construction" (including an ITSxe "ITS" project) does not always require the use of qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". Whether qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" may be used depends on the actual servicesxe "Services" to be performed in connection with the constructionxe "Construction" project. For example: End Productsxe "End Products" Used in Constructionxe "Construction". The designxe "Design" or fabricationxe "Fabrication" of message signs, signals, and movable barriersxe "Barriers" that will become off-the-shelfxe "Off-the-Shelf" items or will be fabricated and delivered as final end productsxe "End Products" for installation in an FTAxe "FTA" assisted constructionxe "Construction" project, including an (ITSxe "ITS") constructionxe "Construction" project, are not servicesxe "Services" for which qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" may be used. Servicesxe "Services" Related to Designxe "Design" of Constructionxe "Construction" Projects. In contrast, servicesxe "Services" of a program managerxe "Program Manager", project designerxe "Project Designer", constructionxe "Construction" manager, or engineer in which the contractor would select the finished products to be acquired for an FTAxe "FTA" assisted constructionxe "Construction" project are servicesxe "Services" for which qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" must be used. Actual Constructionxe "Construction". The actual constructionxe "Construction" or improvement to the real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property" to be used in an FTAxe "FTA" assisted constructionxe "Construction" project, however, are not servicesxe "Services" for which qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" may be used. Typexe "Type" of Contractor Not Determinative. The nature of the firm performing the servicesxe "Services" does not determine whether it will be selected through the use of qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". For example, if a well-known A&Exe "A&E" firm offers to provide mappingxe "Mapping" servicesxe "Services" not related to constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" of real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property", the recipientxe "Recipient" may not use qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" to evaluatexe "Evaluate" that contractor’s offer. In contrast, if a firm that does not generally provide A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services" offers to provide mappingxe "Mapping" servicesxe "Services" that are directly in support of, directly connected to, or directly related to or lead to constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" of real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property", the recipientxe "Recipient" must evaluatexe "Evaluate" that offer using qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". Equivalent Statexe "State" Lawxe "Law". SAFETEA-LUxe "SAFETEA-LU" also divided the former 49?U.S.C. Section?5325(b) by separating procurement requirements for FTAxe "FTA" assisted A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services" from auditxe "Audit" requirements for FTAxe "FTA" assisted A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services". As amendedxe "Amended" by the SAFETEA-LUxe "SAFETEA-LU" Technical Corrections Act, 49?U.S.C. Section?5325(b)(1) requires A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services" to be procured using either “Brooks Actxe "Brooks Act"” procedures or an equivalent qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" requirementxe "Requirement" adopted by a Statexe "State" before August?10,?2005. Special Requirements for Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" Rates. In addition, SAFETEA-LUxe "SAFETEA-LU" amendedxe "Amended" 49 U.S.C. Section?5325 to require the acceptance of FARxe "FAR" indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates for applicable one-year accounting periods if those rates are not currently in dispute. After the indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates are accepted as required, the recipientxe "Recipient" must use those indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates for contract estimates, negotiationxe "Negotiation" \t "See also, Negotiate, and Negotiated"xe "Negotiation", administration, reportingxe "Reporting", and payments, with administrativexe "Administrative" or de facto ceilingxe "Ceiling" limitations. See, 49?U.S.C. Section 5325(b)(2) and subparagraph 2.j(2)(c) of this Chapter. Constructionxe "Construction"—Special Requirements. The following Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" impose requirements that may affect FTAxe "FTA" assisted constructionxe "Construction" projects: Bondingxe "Bonding". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require bonds for all constructionxe "Construction" contracts exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold (see, Chapter II, Subsection 3.b)unless FTAxe "FTA" determines that other arrangements adequately protect the Federal interestxe "Federal Interest". FTAxe "FTA"’s bondingxe "Bonding" policies are as follows: Bidxe "Bid" Guaranteexe "Bid Guarantee". Both FTAxe "FTA" and the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s generally require each bidderxe "Bidder" to provide a bidxe "Bid" guaranteexe "Bid Guarantee" equivalent to 5 percent of its bidxe "Bid" pricexe "Price". The “bidxe "Bid" guaranteexe "Bid Guarantee"” must consist of a firm commitment such as a bidxe "Bid" bondxe "Bond", certified check, or other negotiable instrument accompanying a bidxe "Bid" to ensure that the bidderxe "Bidder" will honor its bidxe "Bid" upon acceptance. Performancexe "Performance" Bondxe "Performance Bond"xe "Bond". Both FTAxe "FTA" and the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s generally require the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or to obtain a performancexe "Performance" bondxe "Performance Bond"xe "Bond" for 100 percent of the contract pricexe "Price". A “performancexe "Performance" bondxe "Performance Bond"xe "Bond"” is obtained to ensure completion of the obligations under the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract". Paymentxe "Payment" Bondxe "Payment Bond"xe "Bond". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s generally require the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or to obtain a standardxe "Standard" paymentxe "Payment" bondxe "Payment Bond"xe "Bond" for 100 percent of the contract pricexe "Price". A “paymentxe "Payment" bondxe "Payment Bond"xe "Bond"” is obtained to ensure that the contractor will pay all people supplying laborxe "Labor" and material for the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" as required by lawxe "Law". FTAxe "FTA", however, has determined that paymentxe "Payment" bondxe "Payment Bond"s in the following amounts are adequatexe "Adequate" to protect FTAxe "FTA"’s interest and will accept a local bondingxe "Bonding" policy that meets the following minimums: Less Than $1 Million. Fifty percent of the contract pricexe "Price" if the contract pricexe "Price" is not more than $1 million, More Than $1 Million but Less Than $5 Million. Forty percent of the contract pricexe "Price" if the contract pricexe "Price" is more than $1 million but not more than $5 million, or More Than $5 Million. Two and one half million dollars if the contract pricexe "Price" is more than $5 million. Acceptable Suretiesxe "Sureties". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" requires the non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" to obtain constructionxe "Construction" bonds from companies holding certificates of authority as acceptable suretiesxe "Sureties" under Department of the Treasuryxe "Department of the Treasury" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Surety Companies Doing Business with the United States,” 31 CFR Part 223. For a current listxe "List" of approved suretiesxe "Sureties", see Department of the Treasuryxe "Department of the Treasury"’s Listing of Approved Suretiesxe "Sureties" (Department Circular 570), . FTAxe "FTA" encourages each governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" to require similarly acceptable suretiesxe "Sureties". Reduced Bondingxe "Bonding". FTAxe "FTA" recognizes that bondingxe "Bonding" costs can be expensive. FTAxe "FTA" will accept a local bondingxe "Bonding" policy that conforms to the minimums described in this subparagraph 2.h(1) of this Chapter. FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to approve bondingxe "Bonding" amounts that do not conform to these minimums if the local bondingxe "Bonding" policy adequately protects the Federal interestxe "Federal Interest". A recipientxe "Recipient" that wishes to adopt less stringent bondingxe "Bonding" requirements, for a specific class of projects, or for a particular project should submit its policy and rationale to the Regional Administratorxe "Regional Administrator"xe "Administrator" for the regionxe "Region" administering the project. Excessive Bondingxe "Bonding". Compliance with Statexe "State" and local bondingxe "Bonding" policies that are greater than FTAxe "FTA"’s bondingxe "Bonding" requirements do not require FTAxe "FTA" approvalxe "Approval". FTAxe "FTA" recognizes that in some situations bondxe "Bond" requirements can be useful if the recipientxe "Recipient" has a material risk of loss because of a failurexe "Failure" of the prospective contractor. This is particularly so if the risk results from the likelihood of the contractor’s bankruptcy or financialxe "Financial" failurexe "Failure" when the work is partially completed. Nevertheless, if the recipientxe "Recipient"’s “excessive bondingxe "Bonding"” requirements would violate the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s as restrictivexe "Restrictive" of competitionxe "Competition", FTAxe "FTA" will not provide Federal assistance for procurements encumbered by those requirements. Consequently, if the recipientxe "Recipient"’s bondingxe "Bonding" policies far exceed those described in this subsection; FTAxe "FTA" reminds the recipientxe "Recipient" that it may find it useful to submit its policy and rationale to the Regional Administratorxe "Regional Administrator"xe "Administrator" for the regionxe "Region" administering the project. Seismicxe "Seismic" Safetyxe "Safety". The recipientxe "Recipient" must include seismicxe "Seismic" safetyxe "Safety" provisions in its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s for the constructionxe "Construction" of new buildings or additions to existing buildings as required by 42?U.S.C. Sections 7701 et seq., and DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Seismicxe "Seismic" Safetyxe "Safety",” 49 CFR Part 41 at Sections 41.117 and 41.120, implementing the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Actxe "Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act" of 1977, as amendedxe "Amended", 42 U.S.C. Sections 7701 et seq. Valuexe "Value" Engineeringxe "Value Engineering"xe "Engineering". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" encourages them to use valuexe "Value" engineeringxe "Value Engineering"xe "Engineering" provisions in contracts for constructionxe "Construction" projects, and cautions that valuexe "Value" engineeringxe "Value Engineering"xe "Engineering" can be a pre-requisite for some Federal assistance awards. FTAxe "FTA" generally will not approve a New Starts grantxe "Grant" application for final designxe "Design" funding or a full funding grantxe "Grant" agreement until valuexe "Value" engineeringxe "Value Engineering"xe "Engineering" is complete. It is important to note that some contractual arrangements (for example, designxe "Design"-buildxe "Design-Build" contracts) may inherently include valuexe "Value" engineeringxe "Value Engineering"xe "Engineering". When this is the case, FTAxe "FTA" does not require separate valuexe "Value" engineeringxe "Value Engineering"xe "Engineering" proposals, contract changes, or other processes. From a procurement view, the conceptxe "Concept" of valuexe "Value" engineeringxe "Value Engineering"xe "Engineering" is more important than the form it takes. Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require that third party constructionxe "Construction" contracts include provisions ensuring compliance with DOLxe "DOL" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Officexe "Office" of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity", Department of Laborxe "Department of Labor"xe "Labor",” 41 CFR Chapter?60, which implement Executive Order No. 11246, “Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity",” September?24,?1965, as amendedxe "Amended" by Executive Order No. 11375, “Amending Executive Order No. 11246 Relating to Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity",” October?13,?1967. Prevailing Wagexe "Wage"xe "Prevailing Wage"s. Under 49 U.S.C. Section 5333(a), Davis-Bacon Actxe "Davis-Bacon Act" prevailing wagexe "Wage"xe "Prevailing Wage" protections apply to laborers and mechanics employed on FTAxe "FTA" assisted constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" projects. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s for constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" at any contract tierxe "Tier" exceeding $2,000 to include provisions requiring compliance with the Davis-Bacon Actxe "Davis-Bacon Act", 40?U.S.C. Sections 3141 et seq., and implementing DOLxe "DOL" regulationsxe "Regulations" “Laborxe "Labor" Standards Provisions Applicable to Contracts Governing Federally Financed and Assisted Constructionxe "Construction",” 29?CFR?Part?5. The Davis-Bacon Actxe "Davis-Bacon Act" requires that contractors pay wages to laborers and mechanics at a rate not less than the minimum wages specified in the wagexe "Wage" determination made by the Secretary of Laborxe "Labor". The Davis-Bacon Actxe "Davis-Bacon Act" also requires contractors to pay wages not less than once a week. The recipientxe "Recipient" must include a copy of the current prevailing wagexe "Wage"xe "Prevailing Wage" determination issued by DOLxe "DOL" in each contract solicitationxe "Solicitation" and must conditionxe "Condition" contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" upon the acceptance of that wagexe "Wage" determination. These requirements are in addition to the separate Wagexe "Wage" and Hourxe "Wage and Hour" Requirements addressed in paragraph 2.c(1) of this Chapter IV. Anti-Kickbackxe "Anti-Kickback". Section 1 of the Copeland “Anti-Kickbackxe "Anti-Kickback"” Act, at 18 U.S.C. Section?874, prohibits anyone from inducing, by any means, any personxe "Person" employed on constructionxe "Construction", prosecution, completion, or repairxe "Repair" of a federally assisted buildingxe "Building" or work, to give up any part of his or her compensationxe "Compensation" to which he or she is otherwise entitled. Section 2 of that Act, at 40 U.S.C. Section 3145, as amendedxe "Amended", and implementing DOLxe "DOL" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Contractors and Subcontractors on Public Buildingxe "Building" or Public Work Financed in Whole or in part by Loans or Grants from the United States,” 29 CFR Part 3, impose recordxe "Record" keeping requirementxe "Requirement" on all third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s for constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" exceeding $2,000. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s also requires provisions for compliance with the Copeland “Anti-Kickbackxe "Anti-Kickback"” Act, as amendedxe "Amended", and implementing DOLxe "DOL" regulationsxe "Regulations".Constructionxe "Construction" Safetyxe "Safety". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require provisions to ensure safetyxe "Safety" at constructionxe "Construction" sites so that no laborerxe "Laborer" or mechanicxe "Mechanic" shall be required to work in surroundings or under working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous as prohibitedxe "Prohibited" by the safetyxe "Safety" requirements of Section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safetyxe "Safety" Standards Actxe "Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act", 40 U.S.C. Section 3704, and its implementing DOLxe "DOL" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Safetyxe "Safety" and Health Regulationsxe "Regulations" for Constructionxe "Construction",” 29 CFR Part 1926. Notably, Section 4104(c) of the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994xe "Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994", 40 U.S.C. Section 3701(b)(3)(A)(iii), increased the threshold for constructionxe "Construction" safetyxe "Safety" protections to $100,000 from $2,000 as set forth in the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s, so that a federally assisted constructionxe "Construction" contract must exceed $100,000 before these constructionxe "Construction" safetyxe "Safety" requirements apply to that contract. Laborxe "Labor" Neutralityxe "Labor Neutrality". Executive Order No. 13502, “Use of Project Laborxe "Labor" Agreementxe "Project Labor Agreement"s for Federal Constructionxe "Construction" Projects,” February 6, 2009, rescinds Executive Order No.?13202, “Preservation of Open Competitionxe "Competition" and Government Neutrality Towards Government Contractors’ Laborxe "Labor" Relations on Federal and Federally Funded Constructionxe "Construction" Projects,” February?17,?2001, as amendedxe "Amended" by Executive Order No.?13208, April?6,?2001, 41?U.S.C. Section?251?note. Consequently, a recipientxe "Recipient" may now require the use of a project laborxe "Labor" agreementxe "Project Labor Agreement" (PLAxe "PLA") in its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract", and a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or or subcontractor may continue to use a PLAxe "PLA" should it choose to do so. Preferencexe "Preference" for U.S. Propertyxe "Property"—Buy Americaxe "Buy America". For any FTAxe "FTA" assisted project having third party constructionxe "Construction" contracts exceeding $100,000, FTAxe "FTA"’s Buy Americaxe "Buy America" law and regulations require the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or to provide propertyxe "Property" produced or manufactured in the United States for use in the constructionxe "Construction" project that the recipientxe "Recipient" acquires, unless FTAxe "FTA" has granted a waiverxe "Waiver" authorized by those regulationsxe "Regulations". If FTA funds are used for the project, Buy America requirements apply to all third party procurement contracts under the project irrespective of whether a recipient decides to fund a discrete part of the project without FTA funds. Only if an activity is outside the FTA project and is financed entirely without funds to which FTA’s Buy America regulations would apply may the recipient disregard FTA’s Buy America requirements. FTAxe "FTA" cautions that its Buy Americaxe "Buy America" regulationsxe "Regulations" are complexxe "Complex" and different from the Federal “Buy?Americaxe "Buy America"n Act” regulationsxe "Regulations" in the Federal Acquisition Regulation(FAR)xe "FAR" at 48 CFR Chapter 1, Subchapter D, Part 25, Subparts 25.1 and 25.2. Propertyxe "Property" that the contractor acquires to perform its constructionxe "Construction" activitiesxe "Activities" for the recipientxe "Recipient", such as tools, machinery, and other equipmentxe "Equipment" or facilities, is not covered by FTAxe "FTA"’s Buy Americaxe "Buy America" requirements unless the recipientxe "Recipient" intends to take possession of that propertyxe "Property" upon completion of the project. Thus, if a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or is acquiring propertyxe "Property" for its general inventory of equipmentxe "Equipment" or facilities to conduct its overall business affairs, the recipientxe "Recipient" may enter the costxe "Cost" of that acquisition into its calculations of overheadxe "Overhead" amounts applicable to the FTAxe "FTA" assisted project irrespective of whether that propertyxe "Property" would comply with FTAxe "FTA"’s Buy Americaxe "Buy America" regulationsxe "Regulations". Accessibility. Facilities to be used in public transportationxe "Public Transportation" servicexe "Service" must comply with 42?U.S.C. Sections?12101 et seq.; DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Transportation Servicesxe "Services" for Individuals with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" (ADA),” 49?CFR Part?37; and Joint ATBCBDOT regulationsxe "Regulations", “Americans with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" (ADA) Accessibility Specifications for Transportation Vehicles,” 36?CFR Part?1192 and 49?CFR?Part?38. Notably, DOTxe "DOT" incorporated by referencexe "Reference" into Appendix?A of its regulationsxe "Regulations" at 49?CFR Part?37 the ATBCB’s “Americans with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" Actxe "Americans with Disabilities Act" Accessibility Guidelinesxe "Guidelines"” (ADAAG), revised July 2004, which include accessibility guidelinesxe "Guidelines" for buildings and facilities. DOTxe "DOT" also added specific provisions to Appendix?A of 49 CFR Part?37 modifying the ADAAG, with the result that buildings and facilities must comply with both the ADAAG and the DOTxe "DOT" amendments. Researchxe "Research", Developmentxe "Development", Demonstrationxe "Demonstration", Deployment, and Special Studiesxe "Special Studies"—Special Requirements. Procurements of researchxe "Research"-typexe "Type" servicesxe "Services" can involve circumstances that bring special Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" into effectxe "Effect". Among these are: Patentxe "Patent" Rights. Irrespective of the status of the recipientxe "Recipient", subrecipientxe "Subrecipient", or third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or (for example, a large business, small business, Statexe "State" government, Statexe "State" instrumentality, local governmentxe "Local Government", Indianxe "Indian" tribexe "Indian Tribe", non-profitxe "Non-Profit" organization, institution of higher educationxe "Institution of Higher Education", individual, and so forth) the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require provisions consistent with Department of Commercexe "Department of Commerce" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Rights to Inventions Made by Nonprofitxe "Nonprofit" Organizations and Small Business Firms,” 37?CFR?Part?401 (implementing the Bayh-Dole Actxe "Bayh-Dole Act", 35?U.S.C. Sections?200 et seq.), unless the Federal Government requires otherwise. Except in the case of an “other agreementxe "Other Agreement"” in which the Federal Government has agreed to take more limitedxe "Limited" rights, the Federal Government is entitled to a non-exclusive, royalty free licensexe "License" to use the resulting invention, or patentxe "Patent" to the invention, for Federal Government purposes. Rights in Dataxe "Data". In general, FTAxe "FTA" does not seek greater rights in dataxe "Data" or copyrightxe "Copyright" than described in the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s when it provides FTAxe "FTA" capital assistance to support acquisitions. But when FTAxe "FTA" provides Federal assistance to support the costs of a researchxe "Research", developmentxe "Development", demonstrationxe "Demonstration", or a special studiesxe "Special Studies" project, FTAxe "FTA" generally seeks sufficient rights in the dataxe "Data" developed so that the resulting dataxe "Data" can be made available to any FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient", subrecipientxe "Subrecipient", third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or, or third party subcontractor. FTAxe "FTA"’s general purpose in providing Federal assistance for a researchxe "Research", developmentxe "Development", demonstrationxe "Demonstration", or special studiesxe "Special Studies" project is to increase transportation knowledge, rather than limit the benefits of the project to project participants. Therefore, unless FTAxe "FTA" determines otherwise in writing, FTAxe "FTA" expects the following conditions to apply to rights in dataxe "Data" requirements for FTAxe "FTA" assisted researchxe "Research", developmentxe "Development", demonstrationxe "Demonstration", or special studiesxe "Special Studies" projects. Publicationxe "Publication" Restrictions. Except for its own internal use, the FTAxe "FTA" Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" provides that neither the recipientxe "Recipient" nor the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or may publish or reproduce subject dataxe "Data" in whole or in part, or in any manner or form, without the advance written consent of the Federal Government, unless the Federal Government has released or approved the release of that dataxe "Data" to the public. These restrictions do not apply to an institution of higher educationxe "Institution of Higher Education". Distribution of Dataxe "Data". Except for contracts for adaptation of automatic dataxe "Data" processing equipmentxe "Equipment" or dataxe "Data" provided in support of an FTAxe "FTA" capital project, each recipientxe "Recipient" and third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or must agree that, in addition to the rights in dataxe "Data" and copyrights that it must provide to FTAxe "FTA" under the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s, FTAxe "FTA" may make available to any FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient", subrecipientxe "Subrecipient", third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or, or third party subcontractor, either FTAxe "FTA"’s licensexe "License" in the copyrightxe "Copyright" to the subject dataxe "Data" or a copy of the subject dataxe "Data". If, for any reason, the project is not completed, all dataxe "Data" developed under the project is expected to be delivered as FTAxe "FTA" may direct. In certain circumstances, however, FTAxe "FTA" may determine that it is in the public interestxe "Public Interest" to take only those rights in dataxe "Data" identified in the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s. Exportxe "Export" Control. If dataxe "Data" developed in the course of a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" is subject directly or indirectly to U.S. Exportxe "Export" Control regulationsxe "Regulations", that dataxe "Data" may not be exported to any countries or any foreignxe "Foreign" persons, without first obtaining the necessary Federal licensexe "License" or licenses and complying with any applicable Department of Commercexe "Department of Commerce", Exportxe "Export" Administration Regulationsxe "Regulations", 15 CFR Part 730. Protection of Human Subjects. A third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or providing servicesxe "Services" involving the use of human subjects must comply with the National Researchxe "Research" Actxe "National Research Act" at 42?U.S.C. Sections?289 et?seq., and DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Protection of Human Subjects,” 49 CFR Part 11. Protection of Animals. A third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or providing servicesxe "Services" involving the use of animals must comply with the Animalxe "Animal" Welfare Actxe "Animal Welfare Act", 7 U.S.C. Sections 2131 et seq., and Department of Agriculturexe "Department of Agriculture" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Animalxe "Animal" Welfare,” 9?CFR?Subchapter?A,?Parts 1, 2, 3, and?4. Auditxe "Audit" Servicesxe "Services". In general, the procedures of this circular apply to the acquisition of auditxe "Audit" servicesxe "Services" financed with FTAxe "FTA" assistance. The following considerations, however, are especially important in procurements of auditxe "Audit" servicesxe "Services": Single Auditxe "Audit" Actxe "Single Audit Act". Each recipientxe "Recipient" that spends $500,000 or more in Federal awards in a single year must obtain an auditxe "Audit" as required by the Single Auditxe "Audit" Actxe "Single Audit Act" of 1984, as amendedxe "Amended", 31 U.S.C. Sections 7501 et seq., and must ensure compliance with OMB Circular A-133, “Audits of States, Local Governmentxe "Local Government"s, and Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Organizations,” as revised. Organizational Conflicts of Interestxe "Organizational Conflicts of Interest". The auditorxe "Auditor" selected must be independent of the recipientxe "Recipient". Eligibilityxe "Eligibility" of Costs. The recipientxe "Recipient" may charge the costs for audits required by the Single Auditxe "Audit" Actxe "Single Audit Act" to its project as direct or indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"s as permitted by applicable Federal Costxe "Cost" Principles. A recipientxe "Recipient" that spends less than $500,000 in Federal awards in a single year is not required to obtain this auditxe "Audit". Nor may a recipientxe "Recipient" spending less than $500,000 in Federal awards in a single year finance the costs of such an auditxe "Audit" with Federal assistance. Other Project Audits. Before procuring auditxe "Audit" servicesxe "Services" for a specific contract or project, the recipientxe "Recipient" should be aware of the following: Organizational Conflicts of Interestxe "Organizational Conflicts of Interest". In general, the recipientxe "Recipient" must select an auditorxe "Auditor" that is independent of the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or to be audited. Verification of Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"s. Federal verification of a contractor’s indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates, such as provisional overheadxe "Overhead" (burdenxe "Burden") and General & Administrativexe "General & Administrative"xe "Administrative" (G&Axe "G&A") rates may be required. To the extent possible, relevant informationxe "Information" available through undisputed audits of the contractor by other recipients should be used. Duplicationxe "Duplication" of Servicesxe "Services". To prevent duplicationxe "Duplication" and ensure the eligibilityxe "Eligibility" of particular auditxe "Audit" servicesxe "Services" for Federal participationxe "Participation", a recipientxe "Recipient" seeking a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" auditxe "Audit" should contactxe "Contact" FTAxe "FTA" before undertaking or contracting for the auditxe "Audit". This is particularly important in connection with the procurement of A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services", because 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(b)(2) requires that FARxe "FAR" Part 31 costxe "Cost" principles be used to auditxe "Audit" A&Exe "A&E" contracts. In addition, 49?U.S.C. Section?5325(b)(2) requires the recipientxe "Recipient" and its A&Exe "A&E" contractors and subcontractors to accept indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates established under FARxe "FAR" costxe "Cost" principles if those rates are not under dispute. Thus, the recipientxe "Recipient" should not obtain duplicative audits because they are likely to produce disparate indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates and the costs of those audits may be ineligible for Federal assistance. Accordingly, FTAxe "FTA" recommends that the recipientxe "Recipient" seek guidancexe "Guidance" from the cognizant Federal auditorxe "Auditor" or agency that approved the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or’s indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates before entering into contracts for audits. Obtaining Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" Rates. Recipients and third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors may obtain indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates based on FARxe "FAR" costxe "Cost" principles from the following sources: Governmental Entities. Government entities may obtain indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates through negotiations with OMB. See, OMB Guidancexe "Guidance" for Grants and Agreements, “Costxe "Cost" Principles for Statexe "State", Local, and Indianxe "Indian" Tribal Governmentxe "Indian Tribal Government"s (OMB Circular A-87),” 2?CFR Part?225, App.?E, “Statexe "State" and Local Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" Rate Proposals.” Indianxe "Indian" Tribexe "Indian Tribe"s. Indianxe "Indian" tribexe "Indian Tribe"s may obtain indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates with the Department of the Interior. See, OMB Guidancexe "Guidance" for Grants and Agreements, “Costxe "Cost" Principles for Statexe "State", Local, and Indianxe "Indian" Tribal Governmentxe "Indian Tribal Government"s (OMB Circular A-87),” 2?CFR Part?225, App.?E, “Statexe "State" and Local Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" Rate Proposals.” Educational Institutionsxe "Educational Institutions". Educational institutionsxe "Educational Institutions" may obtain facilities and administrativexe "Administrative" rates (indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates) from the Department of Health and Human Servicesxe "Services" (HHS) or the Department of Defense's Officexe "Office" of Naval Researchxe "Research" (DOD), usually depending on which of the two agencies (HHS or DOD) has provided more funds to the educational institution for the most recent three years. See, OMB Guidancexe "Guidance" for Grants and Agreements, “Costxe "Cost" Principles for Educational Institutionsxe "Educational Institutions" (OMB Circular A-21),” 2?CFR Part?220, App.?A, “Principles for Determining Costs Applicable to Grants, Contracts, and Other Agreementxe "Other Agreement"s With Educational Institutionsxe "Educational Institutions".” Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Entities. Non-profitxe "Non-Profit" entities may obtain indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates from the Federal agency with the largest dollar valuexe "Value" of awards with an organization, unless different arrangements are agreed to by the agencies concerned. See, OMB Guidancexe "Guidance" for Grants and Agreements, “Costxe "Cost" Principles for Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Organizations (OMB Circular A-122),” 2?CFR Part?230, App.?A, “General Principles.” Private For-Profitxe "For-Profit" Entities. Private for-profitxe "For-Profit" entities may obtain indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates from the Defense Contract Auditxe "Audit" Agencyxe "Defense Contract Audit Agency". See, the DCAA Web sitexe "Web site": . Eligibilityxe "Eligibility" of Costs. Costs of third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" audits and proposalxe "Proposal" evaluations are eligiblexe "Eligible" for reimbursement by FTAxe "FTA" as a direct or indirect charge as permitted by applicable Federal costxe "Cost" principles. FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to disallow payments for duplicative auditxe "Audit" charges. CHAPTER VSOURCESA recipientxe "Recipient" will often have several sources from which to acquire the propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" it needsxe "Needs" as described below: FORCE ACCOUNTxe "Force Account". As used in this circular, “force accountxe "Force Account"” means the recipientxe "Recipient"’s own laborxe "Labor" forces and equipmentxe "Equipment". The use of force accountxe "Force Account" laborxe "Labor" is a project management function, rather than a procurement and contract administration function, except in the general sense of the recipientxe "Recipient"’s ability to perform work with its own forces rather than contracting with another entity to acquire the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" it needsxe "Needs", and the costxe "Cost" implications of the recipientxe "Recipient"’s decision. Although rarely exercised, FTAxe "FTA"’s grantxe "Grant" or cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement" secures FTAxe "FTA" the right to determine the extent to which Federal assistance may be used to participate in force accountxe "Force Account" costs. FTAxe "FTA"’s concern is to assure that the recipientxe "Recipient" will have adequatexe "Adequate" technical capacityxe "Technical Capacity"xe "Capacity" to perform the work it undertakes reasonably economically and prudently. The third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing guidancexe "Guidance" of this circular does not apply to a recipientxe "Recipient"’s use of its own forces to perform project work. SHARED USExe "Shared Use". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" encourages recipients and subrecipients to enter into agreements for shared usexe "Shared Use" of propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services". FTAxe "FTA" encourages non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s to consider shared usexe "Shared Use" if economical and feasible. JOINT PROCUREMENTxe "Joint Procurement"S. FTAxe "FTA" uses the termxe "Term" “joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement"” to mean a methodxe "Method" of contracting in which two or more purchasers agree from the outset to use a single solicitationxe "Solicitation" document and enter into a single contract with a vendor for deliveryxe "Delivery" of propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" in a fixed quantityxe "Quantity", even if expressed as a total minimum and total maximum. Unlike a Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" purchasing schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Purchasing Schedule", a joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement" is not drafted for the purpose of accommodating the needsxe "Needs" of other parties that may later want to participate in the benefits of that contract. Use Encouraged. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s and FTAxe "FTA" encourage recipients to procure goods and servicesxe "Services" jointly with other recipients to obtain better pricing through larger purchases. Joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement"s offer the advantage of being able to obtain goods and servicesxe "Services" that may match each participating recipientxe "Recipient"’s requirements better than those likely to be available through an assignmentxe "Assignment" of another recipientxe "Recipient"’s contract rightsxe "Contract Rights". If economical and feasible, FTAxe "FTA" also participates in the costs of joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement"s by non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s. All FTAxe "FTA" and Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" Apply. When obtaining goods or servicesxe "Services" in this manner, recipients participating in the joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement" must ensure compliance with all applicable FTAxe "FTA" and Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" and include all required clauses and certifications in the joint solicitationxe "Solicitation" and contract documents. STATExe "State" OR LOCAL GOVERNMENTxe "Local Government" PURCHASING SCHEDULExe "Schedule"xe "Purchasing Schedule"S OR PURCHASING CONTRACTxe "Purchasing Contract"S. FTAxe "FTA" uses the termxe "Term" “statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" purchasing schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Purchasing Schedule"” to mean an arrangementxe "Arrangement" that a Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" has established with several or many vendors in which those vendors agree to provide essentially an optionxe "Option" to the Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government", and its subordinate government entities, to acquire specific propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" in the future at established prices. These arrangements are somewhat similar to the General Servicesxe "Services" Administrationxe "General Services Administration"’s (GSAxe "GSA") Cooperative Purchasing Programxe "Cooperative Purchasing Program" available for Federal Government use. If the Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" wishes to permit others to use its schedules, the Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" might seek the agreement of the vendor to provide the listed propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" to others with accessxe "Access" to the schedules, or it may permit the vendor to determine whether or not it wishes to do so. CAUTION: The term “State or local government purchasing schedule” does not include intergovernmental purchasing schedules to be the type of State or local intergovernmental agreements.Use. Use Permitted. FTA’s policies are as follows:General. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" encourages recipients and subrecipients to enter into Statexe "State" and local intergovernmental agreements for procurements of propertyxe "Property" or services, andxe "Services".State or Local Government Permission Required. If so permitted by Statexe "State" or local authorities, a non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" may also use Statexe "State" and local sources of propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services". This is because 49 C.F.R.§ 18.36(a) permits States to use their own policies and procedures they use for their own purchases, not because those schedules are “State intergovernmental agreements,” andUse Restricted. Although the Common Grant Rule for government recipients, 49 C.F.R. § 18.36(b)(5), provides that “grantees and subgrantees are encouraged to enter into State and local intergovernmental agreements for procurements of common goods and services”:Prohibited. FTA does not authorize grantees to consider intergovernmental purchasing schedules to be the type of State or local intergovernmental agreement to which that Common Grant Rule is referring, butPermitted. FTA recognizes joint purchases to be the only type of intergovernmental agreement suitable for use by its grantees and subgrantees.All FTAxe "FTA" and Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" Apply. When obtaining propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" in this manner, the recipientxe "Recipient" must ensure all Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements", required clauses, and certifications (including Buy Americaxe "Buy America") are properly followed and included, whether in the master intergovernmental contract or in the recipientxe "Recipient"'s purchasexe "Purchase" document. One way of achieving compliance with FTAxe "FTA" requirements is for all parties to agree to append the required Federal clauses in the purchasexe "Purchase" orderxe "Purchase Order" or other document that effects the recipientxe "Recipient"’s procurement. When buying from these schedules, the recipientxe "Recipient" should obtain Buy Americaxe "Buy America" certificationxe "Certification" before entering into the purchasexe "Purchase" orderxe "Purchase Order". If the productxe "Product" to be purchased is Buy Americaxe "Buy America" compliant, there is no problem. If the productxe "Product" is not Buy Americaxe "Buy America" compliant, the recipientxe "Recipient" will need to obtain a waiverxe "Waiver" from FTAxe "FTA" before proceeding. FEDERAL EXCESS AND SURPLUSxe "Surplus" PROPERTYxe "Property". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" encourages recipients to use Federal excess and surplusxe "Surplus" propertyxe "Property" managed by GSAxe "GSA" when feasible and economical rather than procuring new propertyxe "Property". The GSAxe "GSA" Federal Propertyxe "Property" Management Regulationsxe "Regulations", 41 CFR Parts 101-42 through 101-46, 101-48, and 101-49 govern the eligibilityxe "Eligibility" of recipients and subrecipients, as well as others, to acquire supplies and servicesxe "Services" through GSAxe "GSA"’s personal propertyxe "Property" utilization and disposal programs. FEDERAL SUPPLY SCHEDULExe "Schedule"xe "Federal Supply Schedule"S. A recipientxe "Recipient" must be specifically authorized by Federal lawxe "Law" before it may use a GSAxe "GSA" Federal Supply Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Federal Supply Schedule". Full Use of Federal Supply Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Federal Supply Schedule"s. Appendix B of GSAxe "GSA" Order ADM?4800.2E, “Eligibilityxe "Eligibility" to Use GSAxe "GSA" Sources of Supply and Servicesxe "Services",” explains that FTAxe "FTA" recipients eligiblexe "Eligible" for full use of GSAxe "GSA" Schedules are limitedxe "Limited" by the Federal Propertyxe "Property" and Administrativexe "Administrative" Servicesxe "Services" Actxe "Federal Property and Administrative Services Act" of 1949, as amendedxe "Amended", at 40?U.S.C. Section?502(a)(3) to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority and the District of Columbia Department of Mass Transportation. The Government of American Samoa, the Government of Guam, Virgin Islands Department of Public Works, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas are similarly authorized accessxe "Access" to GSAxe "GSA" schedules by 48?U.S.C. Section?1469e. Limitedxe "Limited" Use of Federal Supply Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Federal Supply Schedule"s. Federal laws authorize Statexe "State" and Local Governmentxe "Local Government"s (including institutions of higher education) to use Federal Supply Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Federal Supply Schedule"s to acquire informationxe "Information" technologyxe "Technology"xe "Information Technology" (IT) and to purchasexe "Purchase" products and servicesxe "Services" to facilitate recovery from a major disasterxe "Major Disaster". In both circumstances, GSAxe "GSA" defines the termxe "Term" “Statexe "State" and Local Governmentxe "Local Government"” broadly to include many FTAxe "FTA" governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s and others as follows: The States of the United States, counties, municipalities, cities, towns, townships, tribal governments, public authorities (including public or Indianxe "Indian" housing agencies under the United States Housing Act of 1937), schoolxe "School" districts, colleges, and other institutions of higher education, council of governments (incorporated or not), regional or interstate government entities, or any agency or instrumentality of the preceding entities (including any local educational agency or institution of higher educationxe "Institution of Higher Education"), and including legislative and judicial departments. GSAxe "GSA" has determined that the termxe "Term" “Statexe "State" and Local Governmentxe "Local Government"” does not include “contractors, or grantees, of Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government"s.” Nevertheless, under the GSAxe "GSA"?Cooperative Purchasing Programxe "Cooperative Purchasing Program", Statexe "State" and local governmentxe "Local Government"al entities (including institutions of higher education) receiving Federal assistance, either as an FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" or subrecipientxe "Subrecipient", are eligiblexe "Eligible" users by virtue of conforming to the definitionxe "Definition" of Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" entities; the sourcexe "Source" of funding for these entities is irrelevant. Informationxe "Information" Technologyxe "Technology"xe "Information Technology". Section 211 of the E-Government Act of 2002xe "E-Government Act of 2002", 40?U.S.C.?Section?502(c)(1), authorizes “Statexe "State" and local governmentxe "Local Government"s,” within limits established by lawxe "Law", to acquire IT of various types through GSAxe "GSA"’s Cooperative Purchasing Programxe "Cooperative Purchasing Program", Federal Supply Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Federal Supply Schedule" 70. Major Disasterxe "Major Disaster" or Emergencyxe "Emergency" Recovery. Since February 1, 2007, Section 833 of the John Warner National Defense Authorizationxe "Authorization" Act for Fiscal Year 2007xe "John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007", Public?Lawxe "Law"?109-364, amendedxe "Amended" 40?U.S.C. Section 502(d), to authorize Statexe "State" and local governmentxe "Local Government" entities to use any GSAxe "GSA" Federal Supply Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Federal Supply Schedule" to acquire propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" in advance of a major disasterxe "Major Disaster" declared by the President of the United States, as well as in the aftermath of an emergencyxe "Emergency" event. The Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" is then responsiblexe "Responsible" for ensuring that the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" acquired will be used for recovery. More informationxe "Information" about major disasterxe "Major Disaster" and emergencyxe "Emergency" recovery acquisition is available at GSAxe "GSA"’s Web sitexe "Web site": "GSA"_OVERVIEW. Local Preparedness Acquisition. Section 2 of the Local Preparedness Acquisition Actxe "Local Preparedness Acquisition Act”, Pub. L. 110-248, June 26, 2008, amended 40?U.S.C.?Section?502(c) by adding paragraph (2) authorizing “State and local governments” within limits established by law, to acquire law enforcement, security and certain related items of various types through GSAxe "GSA"’s Cooperative Purchasing Program Federal Supply Schedulexe "Schedule"?84 or any amended or later version of that Federal supply classification group. Informationxe "Information" about cooperative purchasing is available at GSAxe "GSA"’s Web sitexe "Web site": . All FTAxe "FTA" and Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" Apply. When using GSAxe "GSA" schedules to acquire propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" in this manner, the recipientxe "Recipient" must ensure all Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements", required clauses, and certifications (including FTAxe "FTA"’s Buy Americaxe "Buy America" requirements) are properly followed and included, whether in the master intergovernmental contract or in the recipientxe "Recipient"'s purchasexe "Purchase" document. One way of achieving compliance with FTAxe "FTA" requirements is for all parties to agree to append the required Federal clauses in the purchasexe "Purchase" orderxe "Purchase Order" or other document that effects the recipientxe "Recipient"’s procurement. When buying from these schedules, the recipientxe "Recipient" should obtain an FTAxe "FTA" Buy Americaxe "Buy America" certificationxe "Certification" before entering into the purchasexe "Purchase" orderxe "Purchase Order". If the propertyxe "Property" to be purchased is Buy Americaxe "Buy America" compliant under FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", the recipientxe "Recipient" may proceed with its acquisition. If the propertyxe "Property" is not Buy Americaxe "Buy America" compliant under FTAxe "FTA" standards, the recipientxe "Recipient" will need to obtain a waiverxe "Waiver" from FTAxe "FTA" before proceeding. Competitionxe "Competition" and Pricexe "Price" Reasonableness. When using GSAxe "GSA" schedules to acquire propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services", a recipientxe "Recipient" will have fulfilled the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s’ competitionxe "Competition" requirements if it seeks offers from at least three sources. FTAxe "FTA" expects a recipientxe "Recipient" using a pricexe "Price" published on a GSAxe "GSA" schedulexe "Schedule" to consider whether the GSAxe "GSA" pricexe "Price" is reasonable. The recipientxe "Recipient" may also seek a lower pricexe "Price" than that published on the GSAxe "GSA" schedules. EXISTING CONTRACTxe "Existing Contract"S. Occasionally, a recipientxe "Recipient" may find it advantageous to use existing contractxe "Existing Contract" rightsxe "Contract Rights". As used in this circular, “existing contractxe "Existing Contract"” means a contract that, when formed, was intended to be limitedxe "Limited" to the original parties thereto, and does not include Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" purchasing schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Purchasing Schedule"s or purchasing contractxe "Purchasing Contract"s as discussed in sections?4, 5, and 6 of this Chapter. Permissible Actions. Within the conditions set forth below, FTAxe "FTA" permits a recipientxe "Recipient" to use existing contractxe "Existing Contract" rightsxe "Contract Rights" held by another recipientxe "Recipient": Exercise of Options. A recipientxe "Recipient" may use contract options held by another recipientxe "Recipient" with the following limitations: Consistency with the Underlying Contract. FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to ensure that the terms and conditions of the optionxe "Option" it seeks to exercise are substantially similar to the terms and conditions of the optionxe "Option" as stated in the original contract at the timexe "Time" it was awarded. Pricexe "Price". The recipientxe "Recipient" may not exercise an optionxe "Option" unless it has determined that the optionxe "Option" pricexe "Price" is better than prices available in the market, or that when it intends to exercise the optionxe "Option", the optionxe "Option" is more advantageous. Awards Treated as Sole Sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" Procurements. The following actions constitute sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" awards: Failurexe "Failure" to Evaluatexe "Evaluate" Options Before Awarding the Underlying Contract. If a contract has one or more options and those options were not evaluated as part of the original contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award", exercising those options after contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" will result in a sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" awardxe "Award". Negotiating a Lower Optionxe "Option" Pricexe "Price". Exercising an optionxe "Option" after the recipientxe "Recipient" has negotiatedxe "Negotiated" a lower or higher pricexe "Price" will also result in a sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" awardxe "Award" unless that pricexe "Price" can be reasonably determined from the terms of the original contract, or that pricexe "Price" results from Federal actions that can be reliably measured, such as changes in Federal prevailing laborxe "Labor" rates, for example. In the circumstances described in this paragraph, FTAxe "FTA" assistance may be used to support a sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" awardxe "Award" only if that awardxe "Award" can be justified under FTAxe "FTA"’s third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" standards for sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" awards. Assignmentxe "Assignment" of Contract Rightsxe "Contract Rights". FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to limit its procurements to the amount of propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" required to meet its reasonably expected needsxe "Needs" without adding excess capacityxe "Capacity" simply for the purpose of assigning contract rightsxe "Contract Rights" to others at a later date. FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to be able to justify the quantities it procures. Having written statements of its anticipated material requirements in the recipientxe "Recipient"’s contract files may prove helpful. For example, if the supplies or servicesxe "Services" were solicited, competed, and awarded through the use of an indefinite-deliveryxe "Delivery"-indefinite-quantityxe "Indefinite-Delivery-Indefinite-Quantity" \t "See also, IDIQ"xe "Indefinite-Delivery-Indefinite-Quantity"xe "Quantity" (IDIQxe "IDIQ" \t "See also, Indefinite-Delivery-Indefinite-Quantity"xe "IDIQ") contract, the solicitationxe "Solicitation" and also the contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" are expected to contain both a minimum and maximum quantityxe "Quantity" that represent the recipientxe "Recipient"’s reasonably foreseeable needsxe "Needs". The establishment of Statexe "State" or local governmentxe "Local Government" purchasing schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Purchasing Schedule"s intended to be available for future use as discussed in section 4 of this Chapter, however, are not usually financed with FTAxe "FTA" assistance. FTAxe "FTA" assistance would be used to acquire propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" listed on such a contract only to the extent needed for public transportationxe "Public Transportation" purposes. Nevertheless, a recipientxe "Recipient" may find that it has inadvertently acquired contract rightsxe "Contract Rights" in excess of its needsxe "Needs". The recipientxe "Recipient" may assign those contract rightsxe "Contract Rights" to other recipients if the original contract contains an assignability provisionxe "Provision" that permits the assignmentxe "Assignment" of all or a portion of the specified deliverables under the terms originally advertised, competed, evaluated, and awarded, or contains other appropriate assignmentxe "Assignment" provisions. Some refer to this processxe "Process" as “piggybackingxe "Piggybacking".” Acquisition Through Assigned Contract Rightsxe "Contract Rights". Although FTAxe "FTA" does not encourage the practice, a recipientxe "Recipient" may find it useful to acquire contract rightsxe "Contract Rights" through assignmentxe "Assignment" by another recipientxe "Recipient". A recipientxe "Recipient" that obtains contractual rights through assignmentxe "Assignment" may use them after first determining that the original contract pricexe "Price" remains fair and reasonable, and the original contract provisions are adequatexe "Adequate" for compliance with all Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". The recipientxe "Recipient" need not perform a second pricexe "Price" analysisxe "Price Analysis" if a pricexe "Price" analysisxe "Price Analysis" was performed for the original contract. However, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to determine whether the contract pricexe "Price" or prices originally established are still fair and reasonable before using those rights. See, FTAxe "FTA"’s “Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual"” for further informationxe "Information" about procurements through assignmentxe "Assignment" of another’s contract rightsxe "Contract Rights". The recipientxe "Recipient" using assigned contract rightsxe "Contract Rights" is responsiblexe "Responsible" for ensuring the contractor’s compliance with FTAxe "FTA"’s Buy Americaxe "Buy America" requirements and execution of all the required Buy Americaxe "Buy America" preaward reviewxe "Review" and post-deliveryxe "Delivery" reviewxe "Review" certifications. For further details, please refer to FTAxe "FTA"’s Pre-Awardxe "Award" and Post-Deliveryxe "Delivery" Handbook for buses and railcars, which contain copies of those certifications. The recipientxe "Recipient" seeking to use assigned contract rightsxe "Contract Rights" will not usually be able to determine whether the assigning recipientxe "Recipient" originally procured unreasonably large quantities. Before proceeding with the assignmentxe "Assignment", however, FTAxe "FTA" does expect the recipientxe "Recipient" seeking the assignmentxe "Assignment" to reviewxe "Review" the original contract to be sure that the quantities the assigning recipientxe "Recipient" acquired, coupled with the quantities the acquiring recipientxe "Recipient" seeks, do not exceed the amounts available under the assigning recipientxe "Recipient"’s contract. Alternatives to Assigned Contract Rightsxe "Contract Rights". Assignments limit a recipientxe "Recipient"’s choices to specific propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" acquired to meet another recipientxe "Recipient"’s particular needsxe "Needs", and may be less suited to the needsxe "Needs" of the recipientxe "Recipient" seeking the assignmentxe "Assignment". More desirable approaches may include: Joint Procurementxe "Joint Procurement"s. Recipients should consider combining or “poolingxe "Pooling"” their procurements to obtain better pricing. In general, joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement"s are often more desirable than procurements through assignmentxe "Assignment" because an assignmentxe "Assignment" does not represent the combined buying power of more than one purchaser at the timexe "Time" when prices are established. A joint procurementxe "Joint Procurement" may also offer the advantage of permitting the parties to acquire propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" more closely responsive to each purchaser’s material requirements than would be available through assignmentxe "Assignment" of existing contractxe "Existing Contract" rightsxe "Contract Rights". FTAxe "FTA" cautions, however, that if two or more parties jointly solicit and awardxe "Award" an IDIQxe "IDIQ" contract, total minimum and maximum quantities are expected to be stated in the solicitationxe "Solicitation" and contract. Intergovernmental Procurements. As discussed in sections 4, 5, and 6 of this Chapter, Federal, Statexe "State", and local governmentxe "Local Government"al resourcesxe "Resources" may provide attractive procurement opportunities. Impermissible Actions. A recipientxe "Recipient" may not use Federal assistance to finance: Improper Contract Expansionxe "Contract Expansion". A contract has been improperly expanded when it includes a larger scopexe "Scope", greater quantities, or options beyond the original recipientxe "Recipient"’s reasonably anticipated needsxe "Needs". A contract has also been improperly expanded when excess capacityxe "Capacity" has been added primarily to permit assignmentxe "Assignment" of those contract rightsxe "Contract Rights" to another entity. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s requires the recipientxe "Recipient" to have procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" that preclude the recipientxe "Recipient" from acquiring propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" it does not need. Cardinal Changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change"s. A significant changexe "Change" in contract work (propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services") that causes a major deviation from the original purpose of the work or the intended methodxe "Method" of achievement, or causes a revision of contract work so extensive, significant, or cumulative that, in effectxe "Effect", the contractor is required to perform very different work from that described in the original contract, is a cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change". Such practices are sometimes informally referred to as “tag-ons.” A changexe "Change" within the scopexe "Scope" of the contract (sometimes referred to as an “in-scopexe "Scope"” changexe "Change") is not a “tag-on” or cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change". Identifying Cardinal Changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change"s. Although FTAxe "FTA" has provided additional guidancexe "Guidance" in its Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual", FTAxe "FTA" has not developed a finite listxe "List" of acceptable contract changes. Recognizing a cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change" to a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" can be difficult. A cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change" cannot be identified easily by assigning a specific percentagexe "Percentage", dollar valuexe "Value", number of changes, or other objective measure that would apply to all cases. Changes in Quantityxe "Quantity". To categorize virtually any changexe "Change" in quantityxe "Quantity" as a prohibitedxe "Prohibited" cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change" (sometimes referred to as an “out-of-scopexe "Scope"” changexe "Change") fails to account for the realities of the marketplace and unnecessarily restricts a recipientxe "Recipient" from exercising reasonable freedom to make minor adjustments contemplated fairly and reasonably by the parties when they entered into the contract. The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Freund?v.?United States, 260 U.S. 60 (1922) supports FTAxe "FTA"’s policy. Tests. Among other things, customaryxe "Customary" marketing practices can influence the determination of which changes will be “cardinal.” Other tests involve the nature and extent of the work to be performed, the amount of effort involved, whether the changexe "Change" was originally contemplated at the timexe "Time" the original contract was entered into, or the cumulative impact on the contract’s quantityxe "Quantity", qualityxe "Quality", costs, and deliveryxe "Delivery" terms. Rolling Stockxe "Rolling Stock". In the case of rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock", a major changexe "Change" in quantityxe "Quantity" or a substitution of major end items not contemplated when competitionxe "Competition" for the original awardxe "Award" took place would generally be a cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change". Another cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change" would, at this timexe "Time", include a changexe "Change" from a high-floor to a low-floor vehicle. Changing an engine might result in a cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change" depending on the circumstances surrounding the project and whether a compatible replacement could be obtained through competitionxe "Competition". FTAxe "FTA", however, considers changes to seating, fabrics, and colors, exterior paint schemes, signage, and floor covering, and other similar changes to be permissible changes. Federal Procurement Standardxe "Standard"xe "Federal Procurement Standard"s. The broader standards applied in Federal contracting practice reflected in Federal court decisionsxe "Federal Court Decisions", Federal Boards of Contract Appealsxe "Federal Boards of Contract Appeals" decisions, and U.S. Comptroller Generalxe "Comptroller General" Decisions provide guidancexe "Guidance" in determining whether a changexe "Change" would be treated as a cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change". FTAxe "FTA" does not imply that these Federal procurement decisions are controlling. FTAxe "FTA" intends to consider the collective wisdom within these decisions in determining the nature of third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" changes along the broad spectrum between permissible changes and impermissible cardinal changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change"s. Other guidancexe "Guidance" can be found in FTAxe "FTA"’s Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual" and “Frequently Asked Questionsxe "Frequently Asked Questions"” at the FTAxe "FTA" Web sitexe "Web site": . FTAxe "FTA" intends to monitor its recipients and oversightxe "Oversight" contractors to ensure that this conceptxe "Concept" is well understood and uniformly applied. This approach permits greater latitude but, because it requires analysis, it can sometimes require a greater knowledge of Federal contracting practices. In any event, before attempting to changexe "Change" the terms of its contract, the recipientxe "Recipient" should reviewxe "Review" the contract’s provisions to ensure that the contract permits the changexe "Change" sought. THE OPEN MARKETxe "Open Market". The recipientxe "Recipient" will probably acquire most of the propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" it needsxe "Needs" through procurements in the open marketxe "Open Market". The next two chapters of this circular will address proper procedures for conducting and administering such procurements. CHAPTER VIPROCEDURAL GUIDANCExe "Guidance" FOR OPEN MARKETxe "Open Market" PROCUREMENTSCOMPETITIONxe "Competition" REQUIRED. Except as permitted by Federal lawxe "Law" or regulationsxe "Regulations", the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require a recipientxe "Recipient" of Federal assistance to use third party procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" that provide full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition". The Federal Transit Administrationxe "Federal Transit Administration"’s (FTAxe "FTA") enabling legislationxe "Legislation" at 49?U.S.C. Section 5325(a), also requires an?FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" to conduct all third party procurements financed under 49?U.S.C. Chapter?53 in a manner that provides full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition" as determined by FTAxe "FTA". The recipientxe "Recipient" may make third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" awardxe "Contract Award"s on the basis of: Solicitationxe "Solicitation" by the Recipientxe "Recipient". Compliance with the solicitationxe "Solicitation" procedures described in this Chapter will fulfill FTAxe "FTA" requirements for “full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition".” Unsolicited Proposalxe "Unsolicited Proposal"s. A recipientxe "Recipient" may also enter into a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" based on an unsolicited proposalxe "Unsolicited Proposal"xe "Proposal", as defined in Chapter I of this circular, when authorized by applicable Statexe "State" or local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law" or regulation. Receipt of an unsolicited proposalxe "Unsolicited Proposal"xe "Proposal" does not, by itself, justify contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" without providing for full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition". Unless the unsolicited proposalxe "Unsolicited Proposal"xe "Proposal" offers a proprietary conceptxe "Concept" that is essential to contract performancexe "Performance", FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to seek competitionxe "Competition". To satisfy the requirementxe "Requirement" for full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition", FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to take the following actions before entering into a contract resulting from an unsolicited proposalxe "Unsolicited Proposal"xe "Proposal": Receipt. Publicize its receipt of the unsolicited proposalxe "Unsolicited Proposal"xe "Proposal", Adequatexe "Adequate" Descriptionxe "Description". Publicize an adequatexe "Adequate" descriptionxe "Description" of the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" offered without improperly disclosing proprietary informationxe "Information" or disclosing the originality of thought or innovativeness of the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" sought, Interest in the Propertyxe "Property" or Servicesxe "Services". Publicize its interest in acquiring the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" described in the proposalxe "Proposal", Adequatexe "Adequate" Opportunityxe "Opportunity" to Compete. Provide an adequatexe "Adequate" opportunityxe "Opportunity" for interested parties to comment or submit competing proposals, and Contract Awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" Based on Proposals Received. Publicize its intention to awardxe "Award" a contract based on the unsolicited proposalxe "Unsolicited Proposal"xe "Proposal" or another proposalxe "Proposal" submitted in response to the publicationxe "Publication". If it is impossible to describe the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" offered without revealing proprietary informationxe "Information" or disclosing the originality of thought or innovativeness of the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" sought, the recipientxe "Recipient" may make a sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" awardxe "Award" to the offerorxe "Offeror". A sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" awardxe "Award" may not be based solely on the uniquexe "Unique" capabilityxe "Capability" of the offerorxe "Offeror" to provide the specific propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" proposed. Prequalificationxe "Prequalification". Prequalificationxe "Prequalification" lists are most commonly used in procurements of propertyxe "Property" involving lengthy evaluations needed to determine whether it satisfies the recipientxe "Recipient"’s standards. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" permits a recipientxe "Recipient" to prequalify people, firms, and propertyxe "Property" for procurement purposes under the following standards: Lists. The recipientxe "Recipient" ensures that all prequalificationxe "Prequalification" lists it uses are current. Sources. The recipientxe "Recipient" ensures that all prequalificationxe "Prequalification" lists it uses include enough qualifiedxe "Qualified" sources to provide maximum full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition". Qualification Periods. The recipientxe "Recipient" permits potential bidders or offerors to qualify during the solicitationxe "Solicitation" period (from the issuance of the solicitationxe "Solicitation" to its closing date). FTAxe "FTA", however, does not require a recipientxe "Recipient" to hold a particular solicitationxe "Solicitation" open to accommodate a potential supplier that submits propertyxe "Property" for approvalxe "Approval" before or during that solicitationxe "Solicitation". Nor must a recipientxe "Recipient" expedite or shorten prequalificationxe "Prequalification" evaluations of bidders, offerors, or propertyxe "Property" presented for reviewxe "Review" during the solicitationxe "Solicitation" period. Prequalificationxe "Prequalification" should not be confused with reviews of technical qualificationxe "Technical Qualification"s that are an essential processxe "Process" in two-step procurements and qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurements, as discussed further in subsections 3.e and 3.f of this Chapter, respectively. SOLICITATIONxe "Solicitation" REQUIREMENTS AND RESTRICTIONS. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s require that each solicitationxe "Solicitation" provide the following informationxe "Information": Descriptionxe "Description" of the Propertyxe "Property" or Servicesxe "Services". The solicitationxe "Solicitation" and the contract awardxe "Contract Award"ed must include a clear and accurate descriptionxe "Description" of the recipientxe "Recipient"’s technical requirements for the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" to be acquired in a manner that provides for full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition". What to Include. The descriptionxe "Description" may include a statement of the qualitative nature of the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" to be acquired. When practicable, the recipientxe "Recipient" should describe its requirements in terms of functions to be performed or level of performancexe "Performance" required, including the range of acceptable characteristics or minimum acceptable standards. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s states that “Detailed productxe "Product" specifications should be avoided if at all possible.” Both Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s express a preferencexe "Preference" for performancexe "Performance" or functional specifications, but do not prohibit the use of detailed technical specifications when appropriate. Quantities Limitedxe "Limited" to the Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Actual Needsxe "Needs". FTAxe "FTA" limits Federal assistance to the amount necessary to support the quantityxe "Quantity" of propertyxe "Property" or extent of servicesxe "Services" the recipientxe "Recipient" actually needsxe "Needs" at the timexe "Time" of acquisition. The recipientxe "Recipient" may not add quantities or options to contracts solely to allow assignments at a later date. FTAxe "FTA" will not knowingly support the additional costxe "Cost" of contract rightsxe "Contract Rights" to propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" excess to the recipientxe "Recipient"’s immediate needsxe "Needs", even though the recipientxe "Recipient" may assign its excess contract rightsxe "Contract Rights" to others. Brand Namexe "Brand Name" or Equalxe "Equal". When it is impractical or uneconomical to provide a clear and accurate descriptionxe "Description" of the technical requirements of the propertyxe "Property" to be acquired, a “brand namexe "Brand Name" or equalxe "Equal"” descriptionxe "Description" may be used to define the performancexe "Performance" or other salient characteristics of a specific typexe "Type" of propertyxe "Property". The recipientxe "Recipient" must identify the salient characteristics of the named brand that offerors must provide. When using a “brand namexe "Brand Name"” specificationxe "Specification", the recipientxe "Recipient" does not need to reverse-engineer a complicated part to identify precise measurements or specifications in order to describe its salient characteristics. FTAxe "FTA"’s “Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual",” (BPPMxe "BPPM") contains additional informationxe "Information" on preparation of specifications including examples with specific language. Prohibitions. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s prohibits solicitationxe "Solicitation" requirements that contain features that unduly restrict competitionxe "Competition". FTAxe "FTA" recipients are also prohibitedxe "Prohibited" by 49?U.S.C. Section?5325(h) from using FTAxe "FTA" assistance to support an exclusionary or discriminatoryxe "Discriminatory" specificationxe "Specification". Some situations considered to be impermissibly restrictivexe "Restrictive" of competitionxe "Competition" include, but are not limitedxe "Limited" to, the following, all of which are identified in one or both Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s: Excessive Qualifications. Imposing unreasonable business requirements for bidders or offerors. Unnecessary Experiencexe "Experience". Imposing unnecessary experiencexe "Experience" requirements for bidders and offerors. Improper Prequalificationxe "Prequalification". Using prequalificationxe "Prequalification" procedures that conflictxe "Conflict" with the prequalificationxe "Prequalification" standards described in subsection 1.c of this Chapter. Retainerxe "Retainer" Contracts. Making a noncompetitive awardxe "Award" to any personxe "Person" or firm on a retainerxe "Retainer" contract with the recipientxe "Recipient" if that awardxe "Award" is not for the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" specified for deliveryxe "Delivery" under the retainerxe "Retainer" contract. Excessive Bondingxe "Bonding". To encourage greater contractor participationxe "Participation" in FTAxe "FTA" assisted projects, FTAxe "FTA" does not require the recipientxe "Recipient" to impose bondingxe "Bonding" requirements on its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors other than constructionxe "Construction" bondingxe "Bonding" specified by the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s and this circular for constructionxe "Construction". FTAxe "FTA" discourages unnecessary bondingxe "Bonding" because it increases the costxe "Cost" of the contract and restricts competitionxe "Competition", particularly by disadvantaged business enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise"s. Bondxe "Bond" companies exercise their discretion and assure their profits primarily by declining to undertake excessive risks. Consequently many bidders have limitedxe "Limited" “bondingxe "Bonding" capacityxe "Capacity".” Unnecessary performancexe "Performance" bondxe "Performance Bond"ingxe "Bonding" requirements reduce a prospective bidderxe "Bidder"’s or offerorxe "Offeror"’s capabilityxe "Capability" to bidxe "Bid" or offer a proposalxe "Proposal" on bonded work. Small businesses with short histories may have particular difficulty obtaining bonds as may be specified. Nevertheless, even though bondingxe "Bonding" can be expensive, FTAxe "FTA" recognizes that a recipientxe "Recipient" might find bidxe "Bid", performancexe "Performance", or paymentxe "Payment" bondxe "Payment Bond"s to be desirable. Because bondingxe "Bonding" requirements can limit contractor participationxe "Participation", FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient"’s bondingxe "Bonding" requirements to be reasonable and not unduly restrictivexe "Restrictive". FTAxe "FTA", however, will not challenge Statexe "State" or local bondingxe "Bonding" requirements as unreasonably restrictivexe "Restrictive" of competitionxe "Competition", even though they might exceed Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". Nevertheless, if the recipientxe "Recipient"’s bondingxe "Bonding" policies result in such “excessive bondingxe "Bonding"” that it would violate the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s as restrictivexe "Restrictive" of competitionxe "Competition". FTAxe "FTA" will not provide Federal assistance for those procurements. Thus if the recipientxe "Recipient"’s bondingxe "Bonding" policies far exceed those described in this subparagraph or are permissible under Statexe "State" or local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law", the recipientxe "Recipient" should obtain FTAxe "FTA"’s written concurrencexe "Concurrence" to ensure the availabilityxe "Availability" of Federal assistance for the project. Brand Namexe "Brand Name" Only. Specifying only a “brand namexe "Brand Name"” productxe "Product" without allowing offers of “an equalxe "Equal"” productxe "Product", or allowing “an equalxe "Equal"” productxe "Product" without listing the salient characteristics that the “equalxe "Equal"” productxe "Product" must meet to be acceptable for awardxe "Award". In-Statexe "State"xe "In-State" or Local Geographicxe "Geographic" Restrictions. Specifying in-Statexe "State"xe "In-State" or local geographical preferences, or evaluating bids or proposals in light of in-Statexe "State"xe "In-State" or local geographicxe "Geographic" preferences, even if those preferences are imposed by Statexe "State" or local lawxe "Local Law"s or regulationsxe "Regulations". In particular, 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(i) prohibits an FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" from limiting its busxe "Bus" purchases to in-Statexe "State"xe "In-State" dealers. Exceptions expressly mandated or encouraged by Federal lawxe "Law" include the following: Architecturalxe "Architectural" Engineeringxe "Architectural Engineering"xe "Engineering" (A&Exe "A&E") Servicesxe "Services". Geographicxe "Geographic" location may be a selectionxe "Selection" criterion if an appropriate number of qualifiedxe "Qualified" firms are eligiblexe "Eligible" to compete for the contract in view of the nature and sizexe "Size" of the project. Licensingxe "Licensing". A Statexe "State" may enforce its licensingxe "Licensing" requirements, provided that those Statexe "State" requirements do not conflictxe "Conflict" with Federal lawxe "Law". Major Disasterxe "Major Disaster" or Emergencyxe "Emergency" Relief. Federal assistance awarded under the Stafford Actxe "Stafford Act", 42?U.S.C. Section 5150, to support contracts and agreements for debris clearance, distribution of supplies, reconstruction, and other major disasterxe "Major Disaster" or emergencyxe "Emergency" assistance activitiesxe "Activities" permits a preferencexe "Preference", to the extent feasible and practicable, for organizations, firms, and individuals residing or doing business primarily in the area affected by a major disasterxe "Major Disaster" or emergencyxe "Emergency". Organizational Conflicts of Interestxe "Organizational Conflicts of Interest". Engaging in practices that result in organizational conflicts of interestxe "Organizational Conflicts of Interest" as prohibitedxe "Prohibited" by the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s: Occurrence. An organizational conflictxe "Conflict" of interestxe "Conflict of Interest" occurs when any of the following circumstances arise: Lack of Impartialityxe "Impartiality" or Impaired Objectivityxe "Objectivity". When the contractor is unable, or potentially unable, to provide impartial and objective assistance or advice to the recipientxe "Recipient" due to other activitiesxe "Activities", relationships, contracts, or circumstances. Unequalxe "Unequal" Accessxe "Access" to Informationxe "Information". The contractor has an unfair competitive advantage through obtaining accessxe "Access" to nonpublic informationxe "Information" during the performancexe "Performance" of an earlier contract. Biasedxe "Biased" \t "See also, Bias"xe "Biased" Ground Rules. During the conduct of an earlier procurement, the contractor has established the ground rules for a future procurement by developing specifications, evaluationxe "Evaluation" factors, or similar documents. Remediesxe "Remedies". FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to analyze each planned acquisition in order to identify and evaluatexe "Evaluate" potential organizational conflicts of interestxe "Organizational Conflicts of Interest" as early in the acquisition processxe "Process" as possible, and avoid, neutralize, or mitigate potential conflicts before contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award". Restraint of Tradexe "Restraint of Trade". Supporting or acquiescing in noncompetitive pricing practices between firms or between affiliated companies. Questionable practices would include, but not be limitedxe "Limited" to submissions of identical bidxe "Bid" prices for the same products by the same group of firms, or an unnatural pattern of awards that had the cumulative effectxe "Effect" of apportioning work among a fixed group of bidders or offerors. Arbitraryxe "Arbitrary" Action. Taking any arbitraryxe "Arbitrary" action in the procurement processxe "Process". Evaluationxe "Evaluation" Factors. The solicitationxe "Solicitation" must identify all factors to be used in evaluating bids or proposals. Contract Typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type" Specified. The recipientxe "Recipient"’s specifications should statexe "State" the typexe "Type" of contract that will be awarded. Typical Contract Typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type"s. Contract typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type"s may include, but are not limitedxe "Limited" to, the following: Firm Fixed Pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price"xe "Firm Fixed Price". A firm fixed pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price"xe "Firm Fixed Price" contract includes a pricexe "Price" that remains fixed irrespective of the contractor’s costxe "Cost" experiencexe "Experience" in performing the contract. A firm fixed pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price"xe "Firm Fixed Price" contract may include an economic pricexe "Price" adjustment provisionxe "Provision", incentives, or both. Costxe "Cost" Reimbursementxe "Cost Reimbursement". A costxe "Cost"-reimbursement contract provides for paymentxe "Payment" of the contractor’s allowable incurred costs, to the extent prescribed in the contract. Allowable costs may include incentives if the recipientxe "Recipient" believes they can prove helpful. Costxe "Cost"-reimbursement contracts are suitable for use only when the uncertainties involved in contract performancexe "Performance" do not permit costs to be estimated with sufficient accuracy to use any typexe "Type" of fixed pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price" contract. Prohibitedxe "Prohibited" or Restricted Contract Typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type"s. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" provides more guidancexe "Guidance" on contract typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type" than does the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients", which merely authorizes the recipientxe "Recipient" to select the typexe "Type" of contract it will use (for example, fixed pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price", costxe "Cost" reimbursementxe "Cost Reimbursement", purchasexe "Purchase" orderxe "Purchase Order", or incentivexe "Incentive" contract) if it is appropriate for the particular procurement and promotes the best interests of the program or project involved. The following contract typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type"s are restricted or prohibitedxe "Prohibited": Costxe "Cost" Plus a Percentagexe "Percentage" of Costxe "Cost Plus a Percentage of Cost"xe "Cost"—Prohibitedxe "Prohibited". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s expressly prohibits the use of the costxe "Cost" plus a percentagexe "Percentage" of costxe "Cost Plus a Percentage of Cost"xe "Cost" methodxe "Method" of contracting. Percentagexe "Percentage" of Constructionxe "Construction" Costxe "Percentage of Construction Cost"xe "Cost"—Prohibitedxe "Prohibited". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s expressly prohibits the use of the percentagexe "Percentage" of constructionxe "Construction" costxe "Percentage of Construction Cost"xe "Cost" methodxe "Method" of contracting. Timexe "Time" and Materialsxe "Time and Materials"—Restricted. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" permits the use of timexe "Time" and material contracts only: When to Use. After determining that no other contract typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type" is suitable; and Firm Ceilingxe "Ceiling" Pricexe "Price". If the contract specifies a ceilingxe "Ceiling" pricexe "Price" that the contractor may not exceed except at its own risk. FTAxe "FTA" strongly encourages non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s to use similar procedures. Other Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" Affecting the Propertyxe "Property" or Servicesxe "Services" to be Acquired. The solicitationxe "Solicitation" and resulting contract must identify those Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" that will affect contract scopexe "Scope" and performancexe "Performance". See, Chapter IV, subsection 2.b of this circular, and FTAxe "FTA"’s latest Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" for references to Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" established following publicationxe "Publication" of this circular. Other Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" Affecting the Bidderxe "Bidder" or Offerorxe "Offeror" and the Contractor. The solicitationxe "Solicitation" and resulting contract must identify all Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" that a bidderxe "Bidder" or offerorxe "Offeror" must fulfill before and during contract performancexe "Performance". See, Chapter IV, subsection 2.a of this circular and FTAxe "FTA"’s latest Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" that may referencexe "Reference" more Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". Awardxe "Award" to Other Than the Low Bidderxe "Bidder". If the recipientxe "Recipient" intends to reservexe "Reserve" its right to awardxe "Award" to other than the low bidderxe "Bidder" or offerorxe "Offeror", that informationxe "Information" should be stated in the solicitationxe "Solicitation" document. Rejectionxe "Rejection" of All Bids or Offers. If the recipientxe "Recipient" intends to reservexe "Reserve" its right to reject all bids or offers, that informationxe "Information" should be stated in the solicitationxe "Solicitation" document. METHODS OF PROCUREMENT. The recipientxe "Recipient" should use competitive procedure(s) appropriate for the acquisition undertaken. The procedures used must comply with Statexe "State" and local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law" as well as with Federal requirementsxe "Federal Requirements". Federal restrictions vary with the typexe "Type" of procurement methodxe "Method" used. The following guidancexe "Guidance" is based on the requirements of the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients", supplemented by FTAxe "FTA" policies that address the needsxe "Needs" of FTAxe "FTA" recipients. Micro-Purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s. Consistent with the Federal Acquisition Regulationxe "Federal Acquisition Regulation" (FARxe "FAR"), FTAxe "FTA" considers micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s to be those purchases of $3,000 or less. When Appropriate. If permitted by Statexe "State" and local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law", the recipientxe "Recipient" may acquire propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" valued at $3,000 or less without obtaining competitive quotations. These purchases are exempt from FTAxe "FTA"’s Buy Americaxe "Buy America" requirements Davis-Bacon prevailing wagexe "Wage"xe "Prevailing Wage" requirements, however, will apply to constructionxe "Construction" contracts exceeding $2,000, even though the recipientxe "Recipient" uses micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". FTAxe "FTA" does not intend to imply that the recipientxe "Recipient" must treat any purchasexe "Purchase" of $3,000 or less as a micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase". The recipientxe "Recipient" may set lower thresholds for micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s in compliance with Statexe "State" and local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law", or otherwise as it considers appropriate. Procedures. The following procedures apply to micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s: Competitionxe "Competition". The recipientxe "Recipient" should distribute micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s equitably among qualifiedxe "Qualified" suppliers. Prohibitedxe "Prohibited" Divisions. The recipientxe "Recipient" may not divide or reduce the sizexe "Size" of its procurement merely to come within the micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase" limit. Documentationxe "Documentation". FTAxe "FTA"’s only documentationxe "Documentation" requirementxe "Requirement" for micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s is a determination that the pricexe "Price" is fair and reasonable and a descriptionxe "Description" of how the recipientxe "Recipient" made its determination. FTAxe "FTA" does not require the recipientxe "Recipient" to provide its rationale for the procurement methodxe "Method" used, selectionxe "Selection" of contract typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type", or reasons for contractor selectionxe "Selection" or rejectionxe "Rejection". Small Purchasexe "Small Purchase"s. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" authorizes governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s to use relatively simple and informal small purchasexe "Small Purchase"xe "Purchase" procedures as follows: When Appropriate. Small purchasexe "Small Purchase"xe "Purchase" procedures may be used to acquire servicesxe "Services", supplies, or other propertyxe "Property" valued at more than the micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase" threshold (currently, $3,000) but less than the Federal simplified acquisition threshold at 41?U.S.C. Section?403(11), currently $100,000. (FTA recognizes the small purchase threshold to be the same as the simplified acquisition threshold.) Also see, Chapter II, Subsection 3.b. These purchases are also exempt from FTAxe "FTA"’s Buy Americaxe "Buy America" requirements. FTAxe "FTA" does not intend to imply that any purchasexe "Purchase" of $100,000 or less must be treated as a small purchasexe "Small Purchase"xe "Purchase". The recipientxe "Recipient" may set lower thresholds for small purchasexe "Small Purchase"s in compliance with Statexe "State" and local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law", or otherwise as it considers appropriate. Procedures. When using small purchasexe "Small Purchase"xe "Purchase" procedures: Competitionxe "Competition". The recipientxe "Recipient" must obtain pricexe "Price" or rate quotations from an adequatexe "Adequate" number of qualifiedxe "Qualified" sources. Prohibitedxe "Prohibited" Divisions. The recipientxe "Recipient" may not divide or reduce the sizexe "Size" of its procurement to avoid the additional procurement requirements applicable to larger acquisitions. Sealed Bidsxe "Sealed Bids" (Formal Advertisingxe "Formal Advertising"). The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" acknowledges sealed biddingxe "Bidding" to be a generally accepted procurement methodxe "Method" in which bids are publicly solicited, and a firm fixed pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price"xe "Firm Fixed Price" contract (lump sum or unit pricexe "Price") is awarded to the responsiblexe "Responsible" bidderxe "Bidder" whose bidxe "Bid", conforming to all the material terms and conditions of the invitation for bids, is lowest in pricexe "Price". When Appropriate. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for government recipients states a preferencexe "Preference" for the sealed bidsxe "Sealed Bids" procurement methodxe "Method" for acquiring propertyxe "Property", constructionxe "Construction", and other servicesxe "Services". Sealed bidxe "Bid" procurements should be used when the following circumstances are present: Precise Specifications. A complete, adequatexe "Adequate", precise, and realistic specificationxe "Specification" or purchasexe "Purchase" descriptionxe "Description" is available. Adequatexe "Adequate" Sources. Two or more responsiblexe "Responsible" bidders are willing and able to compete effectively for the business. Fixed Pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price" Contract. The procurement generally lends itself to a firm fixed pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price"xe "Firm Fixed Price" contract. Pricexe "Price" Determinative. The successful bidderxe "Bidder" can be selected on the basis of pricexe "Price" and those pricexe "Price"-related factors listed in the solicitationxe "Solicitation" including, but not limitedxe "Limited" to, transportation costs, life cycle costs, and discounts expected to be taken. Apart from responsibilityxe "Responsibility" determinations discussed in later sections of this Chapter, contractor selectionxe "Selection" may not be determined on the basis of other factors whose costs cannot be measured at the timexe "Time" of awardxe "Award". Discussions Unnecessary. Discussions with one or more bidders after bids have been submitted are expected to be unnecessary as awardxe "Award" of the contract will be made based on pricexe "Price" and pricexe "Price"-related factors alone. This contrasts with Competitive Proposalxe "Proposal"xe "Competitive Proposal" procedures in which discussions with individual offerors are expected to be necessary and may take place at any timexe "Time" after receipt of proposals. However, a pre-bidxe "Bid" conference with prospective bidders before bids have been received can be useful. Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". The following procedures apply to sealed bidxe "Bid" procurements: Publicityxe "Publicity". The invitation for bids is publicly advertised. Adequatexe "Adequate" Sources. Bids are solicited from an adequatexe "Adequate" number of known suppliers. Adequatexe "Adequate" Specifications. The invitation for bids, including any specifications and pertinent attachments, describes the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" sought in sufficient detail that a prospective bidderxe "Bidder" will be able to submit a proper bidxe "Bid". Sufficient Timexe "Time". Bidders are allowed sufficient timexe "Time" to prepare bids before the date of bidxe "Bid" opening. Public Openingxe "Public Opening". All bids are publicly opened at the timexe "Time" and place prescribed in the invitation for bids. Fixed Pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price" Contract. A firm fixed pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price"xe "Firm Fixed Price" contract is usually awarded in writing to the lowest responsive and responsiblexe "Responsible" bidderxe "Bidder", but a fixed pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price" incentivexe "Incentive" contract or inclusion of an economic pricexe "Price" adjustment provisionxe "Provision" can sometimes be appropriate. When specified in the biddingxe "Bidding" documents, factors such as transportation costs and life cycle costs affect the determination of the lowest bidxe "Bid"; paymentxe "Payment" discounts are used to determine the low bidxe "Bid" only when prior experiencexe "Experience" indicates that such discounts are typically taken. Rejectionxe "Rejection" of Bids. Any or all bids may be rejected if there is a sound, documented business reasonxe "Business Reason". FTAxe "FTA" strongly encourages non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s to use similar procedures. Competitive Proposalxe "Proposal"xe "Competitive Proposal"s (Request for Proposalsxe "Request for Proposals"). The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" acknowledges the use of competitive proposalxe "Proposal"xe "Competitive Proposal"s to be a generally accepted procurement methodxe "Method" when the nature of the procurement does not lend itself to sealed biddingxe "Bidding" and the recipientxe "Recipient" expects that more than one sourcexe "Source" will be willing and able to submit an offer or proposalxe "Proposal". When Appropriate. Competitive proposalxe "Proposal"xe "Competitive Proposal"s should be used when any of the following circumstances are present: Typexe "Type" of Specifications. The propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" to be acquired are described in a performancexe "Performance" or functional specificationxe "Specification"; or if described in detailed technical specifications, other circumstances such as the need for discussions or the importance of basing the contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" on factors other than pricexe "Price" alone are present. Uncertain Number of Sources. Uncertainty about whether more than one bidxe "Bid" will be submitted in response to an invitation for bids and the recipientxe "Recipient" lacks the authority or flexibility under Statexe "State" or local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law" to negotiatexe "Negotiate" \t "See also, Negotiated, and Negotiation"xe "Negotiate" the contract pricexe "Price" if it receives only a single bidxe "Single Bid"xe "Bid". Pricexe "Price" Alone Not Determinative. Due to the nature of the procurement, contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" need not be based exclusively on pricexe "Price" or pricexe "Price"-related factors. In different types of negotiatedxe "Negotiated" acquisitions, the relative importance of costxe "Cost" or pricexe "Price" may vary. When the recipientxe "Recipient"’s material requirements are clearly definable and the risk of unsuccessful contract performancexe "Performance" is minimal, costxe "Cost" or pricexe "Price" may play a dominant rolexe "Role" in sourcexe "Source" selectionxe "Selection". The less definitive the requirements, the more developmentxe "Development" work required, or the greater the performancexe "Performance" risk, the more technical or past performancexe "Performance"xe "Past Performance" considerations may play a dominant rolexe "Role" in sourcexe "Source" selectionxe "Selection" and supersede low pricexe "Price". Discussions Expected. Separate discussions with individual offerorxe "Offeror"(s) are expected to be necessary after they have submitted their proposals. This contrasts with Sealed Bidsxe "Sealed Bids" (Formal Advertisingxe "Formal Advertising") procedures in which discussions with individual bidders are not likely to be necessary, as awardxe "Award" of the contract will be made based on pricexe "Price" and pricexe "Price"-related factors alone. Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". The following procedures apply to procurements by competitive proposalxe "Proposal"xe "Competitive Proposal"s: Publicityxe "Publicity". The request for proposalsxe "Request for Proposals" is publicly advertised. Evaluationxe "Evaluation" Factors. All evaluationxe "Evaluation" factors and their relative importance are specified in the solicitationxe "Solicitation"; but numerical or percentagexe "Percentage" ratings or weights need not be disclosed. Adequatexe "Adequate" Sources. Proposals are solicited from an adequatexe "Adequate" number of qualifiedxe "Qualified" sources. Evaluationxe "Evaluation" Methodxe "Method". A specific methodxe "Method" is established and used to conduct technical evaluations of the proposals received and to determine the most qualifiedxe "Qualified" offerorxe "Offeror". Pricexe "Price" and Other Factors. An awardxe "Award" is made to the responsiblexe "Responsible" offerorxe "Offeror" whose proposalxe "Proposal" is most advantageous to the recipientxe "Recipient"’s program with pricexe "Price" and other factors considered. Best Valuexe "Value"xe "Best Value". If permitted under its Statexe "State" or local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law", the recipientxe "Recipient" may awardxe "Award" the contract to the offerorxe "Offeror" whose proposalxe "Proposal" provides the greatest valuexe "Value" to the recipientxe "Recipient". To do so, the recipientxe "Recipient"’s solicitationxe "Solicitation" must inform potential offerors that the awardxe "Award" will be made on a “best valuexe "Value"xe "Best Value"” basis and identify what factors will form the basis for awardxe "Award". The evaluationxe "Evaluation" factors for a specific procurement should reflect the subject matter and the elements that are most important to the recipientxe "Recipient". Those evaluationxe "Evaluation" factors may include, but need not be limitedxe "Limited" to, technical designxe "Design", technical approach, length of deliveryxe "Delivery" schedules, qualityxe "Quality" of proposed personnelxe "Personnel", past performancexe "Performance"xe "Past Performance", and management planxe "Plan". The recipientxe "Recipient" should base its determination of which proposalxe "Proposal" represents the “best valuexe "Value"xe "Best Value"” on an analysis of the tradeoff of qualitative technical factors and pricexe "Price" or costxe "Cost" factors. Apart from the statutory requirementxe "Requirement" that the contract must support the recipientxe "Recipient"’s public transportationxe "Public Transportation" project consistent with applicable Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations", FTAxe "FTA" does not require any specific factors or analytic processxe "Process". FTAxe "FTA" strongly encourages non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s to use similar procedures. Two-Step Procurement Procedurexe "Two-Step Procurement Procedure"sxe "Procurement Procedures". If permitted by Statexe "State" and local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law", the recipientxe "Recipient" may use two-step procurement procedurexe "Two-Step Procurement Procedure"sxe "Procurement Procedures" in both sealed bidxe "Bid" and competitively negotiatedxe "Negotiated" procurements, provided the opportunityxe "Opportunity" for full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition" is retained. Reviewxe "Review" of Technical Qualificationxe "Technical Qualification"s and Approach. The first step is a reviewxe "Review" of the prospective contractors’ technical approach to the recipientxe "Recipient"’s request and technical qualificationxe "Technical Qualification"s to carry out that approach. The recipientxe "Recipient" then may narrow the competitive range to prospective contractors that demonstrate a technically satisfactory approach and have satisfactory qualifications. Reviewxe "Review" of Bids and Proposals Submitted by Qualifiedxe "Qualified" Prospective Contractors. The second step consists of soliciting and reviewing complete bids (sometimes referred to as “two-step sealed biddingxe "Bidding"”) or proposals (as in “competitive negotiations”), including pricexe "Price", submitted by each prospective contractor determined to be qualifiedxe "Qualified". Absent exceptional circumstances, the recipientxe "Recipient" should attempt to solicit bids or proposals from at least three qualifiedxe "Qualified" prospective contractors. Unlike qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" required for A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services", and other contracts covered by 49 U.S.C. Section?5325(b) discussed in subsection 3.f of this Chapter, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to consider all bidxe "Bid" or proposalxe "Proposal" prices submitted as well as other technical factors, rather than limiting reviews to the most qualifiedxe "Qualified" bidderxe "Bidder" or offerorxe "Offeror". Architecturalxe "Architectural" Engineeringxe "Architectural Engineering"xe "Engineering" (A&Exe "A&E") Servicesxe "Services" and Other Servicesxe "Services". FTAxe "FTA"’s enabling legislationxe "Legislation" at 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(b)(1) requires the use of the qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" contained in the “Brooks Actxe "Brooks Act",” 40?U.S.C. Sections?1101 through 1104, to acquire A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services", but also for program managementxe "Program Management", constructionxe "Construction" managementxe "Construction Management", feasibility studiesxe "Feasibility Studies", preliminary engineeringxe "Preliminary Engineering"xe "Engineering", designxe "Design", architecturalxe "Architectural", engineeringxe "Engineering", surveyingxe "Surveying", mappingxe "Mapping" and related servicesxe "Services". The nature of the work to be performed and its relationship to constructionxe "Construction", not the nature of the prospective contractor, determine whether qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" may be used as described below. Qualifications-Basedxe "Qualifications-Based" Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" Required. The recipientxe "Recipient" must use qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" not only when contracting for A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services", but also for other servicesxe "Services" listed in 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(b)(1) that are directly in support of, directly connected to, directly related to, or lead to constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" of real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property". For example, a contractor performing program managementxe "Program Management", project designxe "Design", constructionxe "Construction" managementxe "Construction Management", or engineeringxe "Engineering" servicesxe "Services" in which that contractor would select the finished products to be acquired for an FTAxe "FTA" assisted constructionxe "Construction" project must be selected through qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". Qualifications-Basedxe "Qualifications-Based" Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" Prohibitedxe "Prohibited". Unless FTAxe "FTA" determines otherwise in writing, a recipientxe "Recipient" may not use qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" to acquire other types of servicesxe "Services" if those servicesxe "Services" are not directly in support of, directly connected to, directly related to, or do not lead to constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" of real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property". Even if a contractor has performed servicesxe "Services" listed herein in support of a constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" project involving real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property", selectionxe "Selection" of that contractor to perform similar servicesxe "Services" not relating to constructionxe "Construction" may not be made through the use of qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". A project involving constructionxe "Construction" does not always require that qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" be used. Whether or not qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" may be used depends on the actual servicesxe "Services" to be performed in connection with the constructionxe "Construction" project. For example, the designxe "Design" or fabricationxe "Fabrication" of message signs, signals, movable barriersxe "Barriers", and similar propertyxe "Property" that will become off-the-shelfxe "Off-the-Shelf" items or will be fabricated and delivered as final end productsxe "End Products" for installation in an FTAxe "FTA" assisted constructionxe "Construction" project are not servicesxe "Services" for which qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" may be used. Nor is actual constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration", or repairxe "Repair" to real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property" the typexe "Type" of servicesxe "Services" for which qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" may be used. Qualifications-Basedxe "Qualifications-Based" Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". The following procedures apply to qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurements: Qualifications. Unlike other two-step procurement procedurexe "Two-Step Procurement Procedure"sxe "Procurement Procedures" in which pricexe "Price" is an evaluationxe "Evaluation" factorxe "Factor", an offerorxe "Offeror"’s qualifications are evaluated to determine contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award". Pricexe "Price". Pricexe "Price" is excluded as an evaluationxe "Evaluation" factorxe "Factor". Most Qualifiedxe "Qualified". Negotiations are first conducted with only the most qualifiedxe "Qualified" offerorxe "Offeror". Next Most Qualifiedxe "Qualified". Only after failing to agree on a fair and reasonable pricexe "Price" may negotiations be conducted with the next most qualifiedxe "Qualified" offerorxe "Offeror". Then, if necessary, negotiations with successive offerors in descending order may be conducted until contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" can be made to the offerorxe "Offeror" whose pricexe "Price" the recipientxe "Recipient" believes is fair and reasonable. Effectxe "Effect" of Statexe "State" Laws. To the extent that a Statexe "State" has, before August 10, 2005, adopted by lawxe "Law", an equivalent Statexe "State" qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based"-procurement requirementxe "Requirement" for acquiring architecturalxe "Architectural", engineeringxe "Engineering", and designxe "Design" servicesxe "Services", Statexe "State" procedures, rather than Federal “Brooks Actxe "Brooks Act"” procedures (40 U.S.C. Sections 1101 through 1104), may be used. Audits and Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"s. As required by 49?U.S.C. Section 5325(b)(2), the following requirements apply to a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" for program managementxe "Program Management", architecturalxe "Architectural" engineeringxe "Architectural Engineering"xe "Engineering", constructionxe "Construction" managementxe "Construction Management", feasibility studiesxe "Feasibility Studies", preliminary engineeringxe "Preliminary Engineering"xe "Engineering", designxe "Design", architecturalxe "Architectural", engineeringxe "Engineering", surveyingxe "Surveying", mappingxe "Mapping", or related servicesxe "Services": Performancexe "Performance" of Audits. The third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" or subcontractxe "Subcontract" must be performed and audited in compliance with FARxe "FAR" Part 31 costxe "Cost" principles. Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" Rates. The recipientxe "Recipient" and the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or, its subcontractors and subrecipients, if any, must accept FARxe "FAR" indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates for the one-year applicable accounting periods established by a cognizant Federal or Statexe "State" government agency, if those rates are not currently under dispute. Application of Rates. After a firm’s indirect costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" rates established as described in subparagraph 3.f(4)(b) above are accepted, those rates will apply for purposes of contract estimation, negotiationxe "Negotiation", administration, reportingxe "Reporting", and payments, not limitedxe "Limited" by administrativexe "Administrative" or de facto ceilings. Prenotificationxe "Prenotification"; Confidentialityxe "Confidentiality" of Dataxe "Data". Before requesting or using costxe "Cost" or rate dataxe "Data" described in subparagraph 3.f(4)(c) above, a recipientxe "Recipient" must notifyxe "Notify" the affected firm(s). That dataxe "Data" must be kept confidential and may not be accessiblexe "Accessible"xe "Accessible" by or provided by the agency or group of agencies that share costxe "Cost" dataxe "Data" under this subparagraph, except by written permission of the audited firm. If prohibitedxe "Prohibited" by lawxe "Law", that costxe "Cost" and rate dataxe "Data" may not be disclosed under any circumstances. FTAxe "FTA" recognizes that many States have “Open Records” laws that may make it difficult to maintain confidential costxe "Cost" or rate dataxe "Data". As a result, before requesting or using a firm’s costxe "Cost" or rate dataxe "Data", not only should a recipientxe "Recipient" notifyxe "Notify" the affected firm, but it must also obtain permission to provide that dataxe "Data" in response to a valid request under applicable Statexe "State" lawxe "Law". The confidentialityxe "Confidentiality" requirements of 49 U.S.C. 5325(b)(2)(D) cannot be waived, even if those confidentialityxe "Confidentiality" requirements conflictxe "Conflict" with Statexe "State" lawxe "Law" or regulationsxe "Regulations". Designxe "Design"-Bidxe "Bid"-Buildxe "Design-Bid-Build". The designxe "Design"-bidxe "Bid"-buildxe "Design-Bid-Build" procurement methodxe "Method" requires separate contracts for designxe "Design" servicesxe "Services" and for constructionxe "Construction". Designxe "Design" Servicesxe "Services". For designxe "Design" servicesxe "Services", the recipientxe "Recipient" must use qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures", in compliance with applicable Federal, Statexe "State" and local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law" and regulationsxe "Regulations". Constructionxe "Construction". Because the recipientxe "Recipient" may not use qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" for the actual constructionxe "Construction", alterationxe "Alteration" or repairxe "Repair" of real propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property", the recipientxe "Recipient" generally must use competitive procedures for the constructionxe "Construction". These may include sealed biddingxe "Bidding" or competitive negotiationxe "Negotiation" procurement methods, as appropriate. Designxe "Design"-Buildxe "Design-Build". The designxe "Design"-buildxe "Design-Build" procurement methodxe "Method" consists of contracting for designxe "Design" and constructionxe "Construction" simultaneously with contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" to a single contractor, consortiumxe "Consortium", joint venturexe "Joint Venture", teamxe "Team", or partnershipxe "Partnership" that will be responsiblexe "Responsible" for both the project’s designxe "Design" and constructionxe "Construction". FTAxe "FTA"’s enabling legislationxe "Legislation" expressly authorizes the use of FTAxe "FTA" capital assistance to support designxe "Design"-buildxe "Design-Build" projects “after the recipientxe "Recipient" complies with Government requirements,” 49?U.S.C. Section?5325(d)(2). Procurement Methodxe "Method" Determined by Valuexe "Value". First, the recipientxe "Recipient" must separate the various contract activitiesxe "Activities" to be undertaken and classify them as designxe "Design" or constructionxe "Construction", and then calculate the estimated total valuexe "Value" of each. Because both designxe "Design" and constructionxe "Construction" are included in a single procurement, the FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to use the procurement methodxe "Method" appropriate for the servicesxe "Services" having the greatest costxe "Cost", even though other necessary servicesxe "Services" would not typically be procured by that methodxe "Method". Constructionxe "Construction" Predominant. The constructionxe "Construction" costs of a designxe "Design"-buildxe "Design-Build" project are usually predominant so that the recipientxe "Recipient" would be expected to use competitive negotiations or sealed bidsxe "Sealed Bids" for the entire procurement rather than the qualification-based “Brooks Actxe "Brooks Act"” procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". Specifically, when constructionxe "Construction" costs will be predominant, unless FTAxe "FTA" determines otherwise in writing, an FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" may not use qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" to acquire architecturalxe "Architectural" engineeringxe "Architectural Engineering"xe "Engineering", program managementxe "Program Management", constructionxe "Construction" managementxe "Construction Management", feasibility studiesxe "Feasibility Studies", preliminary engineeringxe "Preliminary Engineering"xe "Engineering", designxe "Design", architecturalxe "Architectural" and engineeringxe "Engineering", surveyingxe "Surveying", mappingxe "Mapping", or related A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services" unless required by Statexe "State" lawxe "Law" adopted before August 10, 2005. Designxe "Design" Servicesxe "Services" Predominant. In the less usual circumstance in which the costxe "Cost" of most work to be performed will consist of costs for architecturalxe "Architectural" and engineeringxe "Engineering", program managementxe "Program Management", constructionxe "Construction" managementxe "Construction Management", feasibility studiesxe "Feasibility Studies", preliminary engineeringxe "Preliminary Engineering"xe "Engineering", designxe "Design", architecturalxe "Architectural" engineeringxe "Architectural Engineering"xe "Engineering", surveyingxe "Surveying", mappingxe "Mapping", or related A&Exe "A&E" servicesxe "Services", FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to use qualifications-basedxe "Qualifications-Based" procurement proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" based on the “Brooks Actxe "Brooks Act",” 40?U.S.C. Sections 1101 through 1104, as described in subsection 3.e of this Chapter. Selectionxe "Selection" Processes. The recipientxe "Recipient" may structurexe "Structure" its designxe "Design"-buildxe "Design-Build" procurement using one or more steps as described below: One-Step Methodxe "Method". The recipientxe "Recipient" may undertake its designxe "Design"-buildxe "Design-Build" procurement in a single step. Two-Step Methodxe "Method". Another procurement methodxe "Method" the recipientxe "Recipient" may use for large designxe "Design"-buildxe "Design-Build" projects is a two-step selectionxe "Selection" processxe "Process" as authorized for Federal Government use by 41 U.S.C. Section 253m. This methodxe "Method" consists of: Reviewxe "Review" of Technical Qualificationxe "Technical Qualification"s and Approach. The first step is a reviewxe "Review" of the prospective contractors’ technical qualificationxe "Technical Qualification"s and technical approach to the project. The recipientxe "Recipient" may then narrow the competitive range to those prospective contractors with satisfactory qualifications that demonstrate a technically satisfactory approach. Reviewxe "Review" of Complete Proposals. The second step consists of soliciting and reviewing complete proposals, including pricexe "Price", submitted by prospective contractors first determined to be qualifiedxe "Qualified". By using this two-step methodxe "Method", it will not be necessary for the recipientxe "Recipient" to undertake extensive proposalxe "Proposal" reviews, nor will prospective offerors need to engage in expensive proposalxe "Proposal" drafting. This two-step selectionxe "Selection" procedure is separate and distinct from prequalificationxe "Prequalification" and is but one procurement methodxe "Method" available to the recipientxe "Recipient". Other Than Full and Open Competitionxe "Other Than Full and Open Competition"xe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition". Normally, the recipientxe "Recipient" must provide for full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition" when soliciting bids or proposals. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients", however, acknowledges that under certain circumstances, a recipientxe "Recipient" may conduct procurements without providing for full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition". When Appropriate. A recipientxe "Recipient" may use noncompetitive proposalxe "Proposal"xe "Noncompetitive Proposal"xe "Competitive Proposal"s only when the procurement is inappropriate for small purchasexe "Small Purchase"xe "Purchase" procedures, sealed bidsxe "Sealed Bids", or competitive proposalxe "Proposal"xe "Competitive Proposal"s, and at least one of the following circumstances are present: Adequatexe "Adequate" Competitionxe "Competition". After soliciting several sources, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to reviewxe "Review" its specifications to determine if they are unduly restrictivexe "Restrictive" or if changes can be made to encourage submission of more bids or proposals. After the recipientxe "Recipient" determines that the specifications are not unduly restrictivexe "Restrictive" and changes cannot be made to encourage greater competitionxe "Competition", the recipientxe "Recipient" may determine the competitionxe "Competition" adequatexe "Adequate". A costxe "Cost" analysisxe "Cost Analysis" must be performed in lieu of a pricexe "Price" analysisxe "Price Analysis" when this situation occurs. Sole Sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source". When the recipientxe "Recipient" requires supplies or servicesxe "Services" available from only one responsiblexe "Responsible" sourcexe "Source", and no other supplies or servicesxe "Services" will satisfy its requirements, the recipientxe "Recipient" may make a sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" awardxe "Award". When the recipientxe "Recipient" requires an existing contractxe "Existing Contract"or to make a changexe "Change" to its contract that is beyond the scopexe "Scope" of that contract, the recipientxe "Recipient" has made a sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" awardxe "Award" that must be justified. Uniquexe "Unique" Capabilityxe "Capability" or Availabilityxe "Availability". The propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" are available from one sourcexe "Source" if one of the conditions described below is present: Uniquexe "Unique" or Innovativexe "Innovative" Conceptxe "Concept". The offerorxe "Offeror" demonstrates a uniquexe "Unique" or innovativexe "Innovative" conceptxe "Concept" or capabilityxe "Capability" not available from another sourcexe "Source". Uniquexe "Unique" or innovativexe "Innovative" conceptxe "Concept" means a new, novel, or changed conceptxe "Concept", approach, or methodxe "Method" that is the productxe "Product" of original thinking, the details of which are kept confidential or are patented or copyrighted, and is available to the recipientxe "Recipient" only from one sourcexe "Source" and has not in the past been available to the recipientxe "Recipient" from another sourcexe "Source". Patents or Restricted Dataxe "Data" Rights. Patentxe "Patent" or dataxe "Data" rights restrictions preclude competitionxe "Competition". Substantial Duplicationxe "Duplication" Costs. In the case of a follow-on contract for the continued developmentxe "Development" or productionxe "Production" of highly specialized equipmentxe "Equipment" and major components thereof, when it is likely that awardxe "Award" to another contractor would result in substantial duplicationxe "Duplication" of costs that are not expected to be recovered through competitionxe "Competition". Unacceptable Delayxe "Delay". In the case of a follow-on contract for the continued developmentxe "Development" or productionxe "Production" of a highly specialized equipmentxe "Equipment" and major components thereof, when it is likely that awardxe "Award" to another contractor would result in unacceptable delays in fulfilling the recipientxe "Recipient"’s needsxe "Needs". Single Bidxe "Single Bid"xe "Bid" or Single Proposalxe "Single Proposal"xe "Proposal". Upon receiving a single bidxe "Single Bid"xe "Bid" or single proposalxe "Single Proposal"xe "Proposal" in response to a solicitationxe "Solicitation", the recipientxe "Recipient" should determine if competitionxe "Competition" was adequatexe "Adequate". This should include a reviewxe "Review" of the specifications for undue restrictiveness and might include a survey of potential sources that chose not to submit a bidxe "Bid" or proposalxe "Proposal". Adequatexe "Adequate" Competitionxe "Competition". FTAxe "FTA" acknowledges competitionxe "Competition" to be adequatexe "Adequate" when the reasons for few responses were caused by conditions beyond the recipientxe "Recipient"’s control. Many unrelated factors beyond the recipientxe "Recipient"’s control might cause potential sources not to submit a bidxe "Bid" or proposalxe "Proposal". If the competitionxe "Competition" can be determined adequatexe "Adequate", FTAxe "FTA"’s competitionxe "Competition" requirements will be fulfilled, and the procurement will qualify as a valid competitive awardxe "Source"xe "Sole Source". Inadequatexe "Inadequate" Competitionxe "Competition". FTAxe "FTA" acknowledges competitionxe "Competition" to be inadequatexe "Inadequate" when, caused by conditions within the recipientxe "Recipient"’s control. For example, if the specifications used were within the recipientxe "Recipient"’s control and those specifications were unduly restrictivexe "Restrictive", competitionxe "Competition" will be inadequatexe "Inadequate". Unusual and Compelling Urgencyxe "Urgency". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" permits the recipientxe "Recipient" to limit the number of sources from which it solicits bids or proposals when a recipientxe "Recipient" has such an unusual and urgent need for the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" that the recipientxe "Recipient" would be seriously injured unless it were permitted to limit the solicitationxe "Solicitation". The recipientxe "Recipient" may also limit the solicitationxe "Solicitation" when the public exigency or emergencyxe "Emergency" will not permit a delayxe "Delay" resulting from competitive solicitationxe "Solicitation" for the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services". Associated Capital Maintenance Itemxe "Associated Capital Maintenance Item" Exceptionxe "Exception" Repealed. The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Usersxe "Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users" (SAFETEA-LUxe "SAFETEA-LU") repealed the special procurement preferencexe "Preference" previously authorized for associated capital maintenance itemxe "Associated Capital Maintenance Item"s. Thus, any sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" procurement of associated capital maintenance itemxe "Associated Capital Maintenance Item"s must qualify for an exceptionxe "Exception" under the same standards that would apply to other sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" acquisitions. Authorized by FTAxe "FTA". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s provides Federal agencies authority to permit a recipientxe "Recipient" to use noncompetitive proposalxe "Proposal"xe "Noncompetitive Proposal"xe "Competitive Proposal"s. Under this authority, FTAxe "FTA" has made the following determinations: Team, Consortiumxe "Consortium", Joint Venturexe "Joint Venture", xe "Team"Partnershipxe "Partnership". With some exceptions, when FTAxe "FTA" awards a grantxe "Grant" agreement or enters into a cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement" with a team, consortiumxe "Consortium", joint venturexe "Joint Venture", xe "Team"or partnershipxe "Partnership", or provides FTAxe "FTA" assistance for a researchxe "Research" project in which FTAxe "FTA" has approved the participationxe "Participation" of a particular firm or combination of firms in the project work, the grantxe "Grant" agreement or cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement" constitutes approvalxe "Approval" of those arrangements. In such cases, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to use competitionxe "Competition", as feasible, to select other participants in the project. It can sometimes be difficult to determine whether a bidder or offeror is submitting its bid or offer as a team or other group with committed parties. The Recipient should clarify with the bidder or offeror how other entities included in its bid or offer are to be treated.FARxe "FAR" Standards. To ensure that the recipientxe "Recipient" has flexibility equalxe "Equal" to that of Federal contracting officers, FTAxe "FTA" authorizes procurement by noncompetitive proposalxe "Proposal"xe "Noncompetitive Proposal"xe "Competitive Proposal"s in all of the circumstances authorized by FARxe "FAR" Part 6.3. In addition to circumstances discussed in the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s, the FARxe "FAR" authorizes less than full and open competitive procurements in one or more of the following circumstances: Statutory Authorizationxe "Authorization" or Requirementxe "Requirement". To comply with Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation" (DOTxe "DOT") appropriations laws that include specific statutory requirements, with the result that only a single contractor can perform certain project work. National Emergencyxe "National Emergency"xe "Emergency". To maintain a facility, producer, manufacturer, or other supplier available to provide supplies or servicesxe "Services" in the event of a national emergencyxe "National Emergency"xe "Emergency" or to achieve industrial mobilization. Researchxe "Research". To establish or maintain an educational or other non-profitxe "Non-Profit" institution or a federally funded researchxe "Research" and developmentxe "Development" center that has or will have an essential engineeringxe "Engineering", researchxe "Research", or developmentxe "Development" capabilityxe "Capability". Protests, Disputesxe "Disputes", Claims, Litigationxe "Litigation". To acquire the servicesxe "Services" of an expert or neutral personxe "Person" for any current or anticipated protestxe "Protest", dispute, claimxe "Claim", or litigationxe "Litigation". Internationalxe "International" Arrangements. When precluded by the terms of an internationalxe "International" agreement or a treaty between the United States and a foreignxe "Foreign" government or internationalxe "International" organization, or when prohibitedxe "Prohibited" by the written directions of a foreignxe "Foreign" government reimbursing the recipientxe "Recipient" for the costxe "Cost" of the acquisition of the supplies or servicesxe "Services" for that government. National Securityxe "Security"xe "National Security". When the disclosurexe "Disclosure" of the recipientxe "Recipient"’s needsxe "Needs" would compromise the national securityxe "Security"xe "National Security". Public Interestxe "Public Interest". When the recipientxe "Recipient" determines that full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition" in connection with a particular acquisition is not in the public interestxe "Public Interest". When Prohibitedxe "Prohibited". Less than full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition" is not justified based on: Failurexe "Failure" to Planxe "Plan". The recipientxe "Recipient"’s lack of advance planningxe "Planning", or Limitedxe "Limited" Availabilityxe "Availability" of Federal Assistance. Concerns about the amount of Federal assistance available to support the procurement (for example, expiration of Federal assistance previously available for awardxe "Award"). Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures". When less than full and open competitionxe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition" is available to the recipientxe "Recipient", the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" directs the recipientxe "Recipient" to: Potential Sources. Solicit offers from as many potential sources as is practicable under the circumstances. Sole Sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" Justificationxe "Justification". If the recipientxe "Recipient" decides to solicit an offer from only one sourcexe "Source", the recipientxe "Recipient" must justify its decision adequately in light of the standards of subparagraph 3.i(1)(b) of this Chapter. FTAxe "FTA" expects this sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" justificationxe "Justification" to be in writing. Costxe "Cost" Analysisxe "Cost Analysis". Prepare or obtain a costxe "Cost" analysisxe "Cost Analysis" verifying the proposed costxe "Cost" dataxe "Data", the projections of the dataxe "Data", and the evaluationxe "Evaluation" of the costs and profits. Preaward Reviewxe "Review". Submit the proposed procurement to FTAxe "FTA" for preaward reviewxe "Review" if FTAxe "FTA" so requests. ELIGIBLExe "Eligible" COSTS. Propertyxe "Property" and servicesxe "Services" must be eligiblexe "Eligible" for Federal participationxe "Participation" under the standards of the Federal costxe "Cost" principles applicable to the recipientxe "Recipient" before the recipientxe "Recipient" may use FTAxe "FTA" assistance to support its costs (2 CFR Part 220, 2 CFR Part 225, 2 CFR Part 230, or FARxe "FAR" Part 31). A recipientxe "Recipient" may use its own costxe "Cost" principles that comply with applicable Federal costxe "Cost" principles. FTAxe "FTA" assistance may support contract costs or prices based on estimated costs only if the costs incurred or costxe "Cost" estimates included in negotiatedxe "Negotiated" prices comply with applicable Federal costxe "Cost" principles, and the propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" are eligiblexe "Eligible" for Federal assistance under the terms of the underlying grantxe "Grant" or cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement". ADJUSTMENTS TO PROJECT COSTS.xe "Incentive" MAP-21 amended 49 U.S.C. Section 5309(1) to permit FTA to approve an adjustment of the final net capital project cost of a new fixed guideway capital project or core capacity improvement project to include the cost of eligible activities not included in the original project if FTA determines that the original project has been completed at a cost that is significantly below the original estimate.COSTxe "Cost" ANALYSISxe "Cost Analysis" AND PRICExe "Price" ANALYSISxe "Price Analysis". The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s requires the recipientxe "Recipient" to perform a costxe "Cost" analysisxe "Cost Analysis" or pricexe "Price" analysisxe "Price Analysis" in connection with every procurement action, including contract modifications. The methodxe "Method" and degree of analysis depends on the facts and circumstances surrounding each procurement, but as a starting point, the recipientxe "Recipient" must make independent estimates before receiving bids or proposals. Costxe "Cost" Analysisxe "Cost Analysis". The recipientxe "Recipient" must obtain a costxe "Cost" analysisxe "Cost Analysis" when a pricexe "Price" analysisxe "Price Analysis" will not provide sufficient informationxe "Information" to determine the reasonableness of the contract costxe "Cost". The recipientxe "Recipient" must obtain a costxe "Cost" analysisxe "Cost Analysis" when the offerorxe "Offeror" submits elements (that is, laborxe "Labor" hours, overheadxe "Overhead", materials, and so forth) of the estimated costxe "Cost", (such as professional consulting and A&Exe "A&E" contracts, and so forth). The recipientxe "Recipient" is also expected to obtain a costxe "Cost" analysisxe "Cost Analysis" when pricexe "Price" competitionxe "Competition" is inadequatexe "Inadequate", when only a sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" is available, even if the procurement is a contract modificationxe "Modification", or in the event of a changexe "Change" orderxe "Change Order". The recipientxe "Recipient", however, need not obtain a costxe "Cost" analysisxe "Cost Analysis" if it can justify pricexe "Price" reasonableness of the proposed contract based on a catalog or market pricexe "Price" of a commercial productxe "Product" sold in substantial quantities to the general public or based on prices set by lawxe "Law" or regulation. Federal Costxe "Cost" Principles. Federal costxe "Cost" principles contain many requirements about the allowability and allocability of costs. Profit. FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to negotiatexe "Negotiate" profit as a separate element of the costxe "Cost" for each contract in which there has been no pricexe "Price" competitionxe "Competition", and in all acquisitions in which the recipientxe "Recipient" performs or acquires a costxe "Cost" analysisxe "Cost Analysis". To establish a fair and reasonable profit, the recipientxe "Recipient" needsxe "Needs" to consider the complexity of the work to be performed, the risk undertaken by the contractor, the contractor’s investment, the amount of subcontracting, the qualityxe "Quality" of the contractor’s recordxe "Record" of past performancexe "Performance"xe "Past Performance", and industry profit rates in the surrounding geographical area for similar work. Pricexe "Price" Analysisxe "Price Analysis". If the recipientxe "Recipient" determines that competitionxe "Competition" was adequatexe "Adequate", a pricexe "Price" analysisxe "Price Analysis", rather than a costxe "Cost" analysisxe "Cost Analysis", is required to determine the reasonableness of the proposed contract pricexe "Price". As discussed previously in subsection 3.a of this Chapter, the pricexe "Price" analysisxe "Price Analysis" for micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s may be limitedxe "Limited". Similarly, the recipientxe "Recipient" may use an abbreviated pricexe "Price" analysisxe "Price Analysis" for small purchasexe "Small Purchase"s in most cases. One methodxe "Method" to recordxe "Record" this pricexe "Price" analysisxe "Price Analysis" is through the use of a preprinted form on which a contracting officer (or other responsiblexe "Responsible" personxe "Person") can annotate a finding of fair and reasonable pricing and check off the most common reasons why this would be so, such as catalog or market prices offered in substantial quantities to the general public, regulated prices (for example, for many utilities purchases), or a comparison with recent prices for similar goods and servicesxe "Services". Guidancexe "Guidance" on Costxe "Cost" and Pricexe "Price" Analysisxe "Price Analysis". FTAxe "FTA" recognizes that some recipients may have difficulty obtaining the informationxe "Information" necessary to conduct a proper costxe "Cost" or pricexe "Price" analysisxe "Price Analysis". Although neither FTAxe "FTA" nor DOTxe "DOT" may changexe "Change" the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s’ requirements for costxe "Cost" or pricexe "Price" analysisxe "Price Analysis", FTAxe "FTA" continues to seek a fair, practical solution to this problem consistent with the flexibility provided to Federal contracting officers under the FARxe "FAR" The recipientxe "Recipient" may use the following resourcesxe "Resources" as guidancexe "Guidance" in preparing costxe "Cost" or pricexe "Price" analyses: FTAxe "FTA"’s “Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual",” Chapter 5, The National Transit Institutexe "National Transit Institute" Course, “Costxe "Cost" or Pricexe "Price" Analysisxe "Price Analysis" and Risk Assessment,” Pricing Guide for FTAxe "FTA" Granteesxe "Pricing Guide for FTA Grantees", FTAxe "FTA" Web Sitexe "Web site": "Helpline"_Pricexe "Price"_Guide.doc. FARxe "FAR" Part 31, Contract Costxe "Cost" Principles and Procedures, and Defense Contract Auditxe "Audit" Agencyxe "Defense Contract Audit Agency" Auditxe "Audit" Manual. See, the DCAA Web sitexe "Web site": . Note, however, that the requirements of FARxe "FAR" Part 31 and the Defense Contract Auditxe "Audit" Agencyxe "Defense Contract Audit Agency" Auditxe "Audit" Manual may differ from restrictions applicable to an FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient". Each FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient" must comply with those Federal laws and regulationsxe "Regulations" directly applicable to it. EVALUATIONS. The following standards apply: General. When evaluating bids or proposals submitted, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to consider all evaluationxe "Evaluation" factors specified in its solicitationxe "Solicitation" documents, and evaluatexe "Evaluate" the bids or offers only on the evaluationxe "Evaluation" factors included in those solicitationxe "Solicitation" documents. The recipientxe "Recipient" may not modify its evaluationxe "Evaluation" factors after bids or proposals have been submitted without re-opening the solicitationxe "Solicitation". Options. In awarding the contract that will include options, the following standards apply: Evaluationxe "Evaluation" Required. In general, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to evaluatexe "Evaluate" bids or offers for any optionxe "Option" quantities or periods contained in a solicitationxe "Solicitation" if it intends to exercise those options after the contract is awarded. Evaluationxe "Evaluation" Not Required. The recipientxe "Recipient" need not evaluatexe "Evaluate" bids or offers for any optionxe "Option" quantities when the recipientxe "Recipient" determines that evaluationxe "Evaluation" would not be in its best interests. An example of a circumstance that may support a recipientxe "Recipient"’s determination not to evaluatexe "Evaluate" bids or offers for optionxe "Option" quantities is when the recipientxe "Recipient" is reasonably certain that funds will not be available to permit it to exercise the optionxe "Option". Evaluators. In addition to evaluators with experiencexe "Experience" in technical or public policyxe "Public Policy" matters related to the procurement, other evaluators may also include auditors and financialxe "Financial" experts to the extent that the recipientxe "Recipient" determines would be necessary or helpful. Although many FTAxe "FTA" recipients assign evaluationxe "Evaluation" duties to their own personnelxe "Personnel", a recipientxe "Recipient" lacking qualifiedxe "Qualified" personnelxe "Personnel" within its organization may contract for the evaluationxe "Evaluation" servicesxe "Services" it needsxe "Needs". If the recipientxe "Recipient" does contract for evaluationxe "Evaluation" servicesxe "Services", the procurement standards of this circular will apply to those contracts and to those contractors selected to perform procurement evaluationxe "Evaluation" functions on behalf of the recipientxe "Recipient". CONTRACT AWARDxe "Contract Award"xe "Award". The following provisions apply to third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" awardxe "Contract Award"s: Awardxe "Award" to Other Than the Lowest Bidderxe "Bidder" or Offerorxe "Offeror". Federal transit lawxe "Law" at 49 U.S.C. Section?5325(c) authorizes the recipientxe "Recipient" to awardxe "Award" a contract to other than the lowest bidderxe "Bidder" if the awardxe "Award" furthers an objective consistent with the purposes of 49?U.S.C.?Chapter?53, including improved long-termxe "Term" operating efficiency and lower long-termxe "Term" costs. The recipientxe "Recipient" may also awardxe "Award" a contract to other than the offerorxe "Offeror" whose proposalxe "Proposal" is lowest, when stated in the evaluationxe "Evaluation" factors of the solicitationxe "Solicitation". In both cases, the recipientxe "Recipient" should include a statement in its solicitationxe "Solicitation" document reserving the right to awardxe "Award" the contract to other than the low bidderxe "Bidder" or offerorxe "Offeror". Awardxe "Award" Only to a Responsiblexe "Responsible" Bidderxe "Bidder" or Offerorxe "Offeror". SAFETEA-LUxe "SAFETEA-LU" amendedxe "Amended" 49?U.S.C. Section?5325 to require FTAxe "FTA" assisted contract awardxe "Contract Award"s be made only to “responsiblexe "Responsible"” contractors possessing the ability, willingness, and integrityxe "Integrity" to perform successfully under the terms and conditions of the contract. Responsibilityxe "Responsibility" is a procurement issue that is determined by the recipientxe "Recipient" after receiving bids or proposals and before making contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award". FTAxe "FTA" expects the prospective contractor to demonstrate affirmatively to the recipientxe "Recipient" that it qualifies as “responsiblexe "Responsible"” under the standards of 49 U.S.C. Section?5325, and that it’s proposed subcontractors also qualify as “responsiblexe "Responsible".” To designate a prospective contractor “responsiblexe "Responsible"” as required by 49?U.S.C. Section?5325, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient", at a minimum, to determine and ensure that the prospective contractor satisfies the following criteriaxe "Criteria" described herein. In addition to being otherwise qualifiedxe "Qualified" and eligiblexe "Eligible" to receive the contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" under applicable laws and regulationsxe "Regulations", a responsiblexe "Responsible" contractor must fulfill the following criteriaxe "Criteria": Integrityxe "Integrity" and Ethicsxe "Ethics". Have a satisfactory recordxe "Record" of integrityxe "Integrity" and business ethicsxe "Ethics", in compliance with 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(j)(2)(A), Debarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension". Be neither debarred nor suspended from Federal programs under DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Nonprocurement Suspensionxe "Suspension" and Debarmentxe "Debarment",” 2 CFR Parts 180 and 1200, or under the FARxe "FAR" at 48 CFR Chapter?1, Part 9.4, Affirmative Actionxe "Affirmative Action" and DBExe "DBE". Be in compliance with the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s’ affirmative actionxe "Affirmative Action" and FTAxe "FTA"’s Disadvantaged Business Enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise" requirements, Public Policyxe "Public Policy". Be in compliance with the public policies of the Federal Government, as required by 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(j)(2)(B), Administrativexe "Administrative" and Technical Capacityxe "Technical Capacity"xe "Capacity". Have the necessary organization, experiencexe "Experience", accounting, and operational controls, and technical skills, or the ability to obtain them, in compliance with 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(j)(2)(D), Licensingxe "Licensing" and Taxesxe "Taxes". Be in compliance with applicable licensingxe "Licensing" and tax laws and regulationsxe "Regulations", Financialxe "Financial" Resourcesxe "Resources". Have, or can obtain, sufficient financialxe "Financial" resourcesxe "Resources" to perform the contract, as required by 49 U.S.C. Section 5325(j)(2)(D), Productionxe "Production" Capabilityxe "Capability". Have, or can obtain, the necessary productionxe "Production", constructionxe "Construction", and technical equipmentxe "Equipment" and facilities, Timelinessxe "Timeliness". Be able to comply with the required deliveryxe "Delivery" or performancexe "Performance" schedulexe "Schedule", taking into consideration all existing commercial and governmental business commitments, and Performancexe "Performance" Recordxe "Record". Be able to provide: Current Performancexe "Performance". A satisfactory current performancexe "Performance" recordxe "Record", andPast Performancexe "Performance"xe "Past Performance". A satisfactory past performancexe "Performance"xe "Past Performance" recordxe "Record" in view of its records of long-timexe "Time" performancexe "Performance" or performancexe "Performance" with a predecessor entity, including: Sufficient Resourcesxe "Resources". Key personnelxe "Personnel" with adequatexe "Adequate" experiencexe "Experience", a parent firm with adequatexe "Adequate" resourcesxe "Resources" and experiencexe "Experience", and key subcontractors with adequatexe "Adequate" experiencexe "Experience" and past performancexe "Performance"xe "Past Performance", Adequatexe "Adequate" Past Experiencexe "Experience". Past experiencexe "Experience" in carrying out similar work with particular attention to management approach, staffing, timelinessxe "Timeliness", technical success, budgetary controls, and other specialized considerations as described in the recipientxe "Recipient"’s solicitationxe "Solicitation", and Past Deficienciesxe "Deficiencies" Not the Fault of the Bidderxe "Bidder" or Offerorxe "Offeror". A prospective bidderxe "Bidder" or offerorxe "Offeror" that is or recently has been seriously deficient in contract performancexe "Performance" is presumed to be nonresponsible, unless the recipientxe "Recipient" determines that the circumstances were properly beyond the bidderxe "Bidder" or offerorxe "Offeror"’s control, or unless the bidderxe "Bidder" or offerorxe "Offeror" has taken appropriate corrective action. Past failurexe "Failure" to apply sufficient tenacity, perseverance, and effort to perform acceptably is strong evidence of nonresponsibility. Failurexe "Failure" to meet the qualityxe "Quality" requirements of a contract is a significant factorxe "Factor" to consider in determining satisfactory performancexe "Performance". FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to consider the number of the bidderxe "Bidder" or offerorxe "Offeror"’s contracts involved and the extent of deficient performancexe "Performance" in each contract when making this determination. Before entering into a full funding contract for a fixed guideway project, the recipientxe "Recipient" must now consider the prospective contractor’s past performancexe "Performance"xe "Past Performance" in estimating costs and ridership as reported in the Contractor Performancexe "Performance" Assessment Reports, as required by 49 U.S.C. Section?5325(j)(2)(C). Rejectionxe "Rejection" of Bids and Proposals. Depending on the typexe "Type" of recipientxe "Recipient", the following applies: Governmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" asserts the recipientxe "Recipient"’s right to reject all bids submitted in response to an invitation for bids or request for proposalsxe "Request for Proposals". Non-Governmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"s. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" authorizes the recipientxe "Recipient" to reject any and all bids and proposals when it is in the recipientxe "Recipient"’s interest to do so. Extent and Limits of Contract Awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award". A selectionxe "Selection" of a contractor to participate in one aspect of a project does not, by itself, constitute a sole sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" selectionxe "Selection" of the contractor’s wholly owned affiliates to perform other work in connection with the project. CHAPTER VIIPROTESTS, CHANGES AND MODIFICATIONS, DISPUTESxe "Disputes", CLAIMS, LITIGATIONxe "Litigation", AND SETTLEMENTSThe Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s assign responsibilityxe "Responsibility" to the recipientxe "Recipient" for resolving all contractual and administrativexe "Administrative" issues arising out of their third party procurements, including sourcexe "Source" evaluationxe "Evaluation" and selectionxe "Selection", including protests of awards, disputesxe "Disputes", and claims using good administrativexe "Administrative" practices and sound business judgment. The Federal Transit Administrationxe "Federal Transit Administration" (FTAxe "FTA") also encourages the recipientxe "Recipient" to use appropriate alternative dispute resolution procedures. Neither FTAxe "FTA" nor the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s relieves the recipientxe "Recipient" of any responsibilityxe "Responsibility" under its contracts to resolve disagreements that may arise in the course of contract formation or contract administration. FTAxe "FTA" is not a party to its recipients’ third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s, and does not have any obligation to any participantxe "Participant" in its recipients’ third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s. In general, FTAxe "FTA" will not substitute its judgment for that of the recipientxe "Recipient" or subrecipientxe "Subrecipient" unless the matter is primarily a Federal concernxe "Federal Concern". Examples of “Federal concernxe "Federal Concern"s” include, but are not limitedxe "Limited" to, situations “where a special Federal interestxe "Federal Interest" is declared because of program managementxe "Program Management" concerns, possible mismanagement, impropriety, waste, or fraudxe "Fraud".” Nevertheless, FTAxe "FTA" can become involved in the recipientxe "Recipient"’s administrativexe "Administrative" decisions when a recipientxe "Recipient"’s protestxe "Protest" decision is appealed to FTAxe "FTA", or when the recipientxe "Recipient" seeks to use FTAxe "FTA" assistance to support the costs of settlements or other resolutions of protests, disputesxe "Disputes", claims, or litigationxe "Litigation". PROTESTS. The Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Rolexe "Role" and Responsibilities. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s charges the recipientxe "Recipient" with the initial responsibilityxe "Responsibility" to resolve protests of third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" awardxe "Contract Award"s. Protestxe "Protest" Procedures. Apart from other methods the recipientxe "Recipient" may have to resolve third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" issues, such as mediation or arbitrationxe "Arbitration", the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" requires the recipientxe "Recipient" to have protestxe "Protest" procedures. While the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients" does not impose a similar requirementxe "Requirement" on a non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient", FTAxe "FTA" expects each recipientxe "Recipient" to have appropriate written protestxe "Protest" procedures, as part of its requirementxe "Requirement" to maintain or acquire adequatexe "Adequate" technical capacityxe "Technical Capacity"xe "Capacity" to implement the project. Responsibilities to FTAxe "FTA". The recipientxe "Recipient"’s minimum responsibilities to FTAxe "FTA" consist of the following: Notifyxe "Notify" FTAxe "FTA" Expeditiously. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients" requires a governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" to notifyxe "Notify" FTAxe "FTA" when it receives a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" protestxe "Protest" to which this circular applies, and to keep FTAxe "FTA" informed about the status of the protestxe "Protest". A non-governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient" involved in a protestxe "Protest" is similarly expected to notifyxe "Notify" FTAxe "FTA" when it receives a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" protestxe "Protest" to which the circular applies, and to similarly keep FTAxe "FTA" informed about the status of the protestxe "Protest". The recipientxe "Recipient" is expected to provide the following informationxe "Information": Subjects. A listxe "List" of protests involving third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s and potential third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s that: Have a valuexe "Value" exceeding $100,000, or Involve a controversial matter, irrespective of amount, or Involve a highly publicized matter, irrespective of amount. Details. The following informationxe "Information" about each protestxe "Protest": A brief descriptionxe "Description" of the protestxe "Protest", The basis of disagreement, and If open, how far the protestxe "Protest" has proceeded, or If resolved, the agreement or decision reached, and Whether an appealxe "Appeal" has been taken or is likely to be taken. When and Where. The recipientxe "Recipient" should provide this informationxe "Information": In its next quarterly Milestone Progress Reportxe "Report", and At its next Project Management Oversightxe "Oversight" reviewxe "Review", if any. Small recipients may reportxe "Report" less frequently if no protests are outstanding. FTAxe "FTA" Officialxe "FTA Official"s to Notifyxe "Notify". When a recipientxe "Recipient" denies a bidxe "Bid" protestxe "Protest", and especially if an appealxe "Appeal" to FTAxe "FTA" is likely to occur, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to inform the FTAxe "FTA" Regional Administratorxe "Regional Administrator"xe "Administrator" for the regionxe "Region" administering a regional project, or the FTAxe "FTA" Associate Administratorxe "Administrator" for the program officexe "Office" administering a headquarters project directly. FTAxe "FTA" also encourages the recipientxe "Recipient" to keep its FTAxe "FTA" project manager informed about protests with which it is involved. In particular, the recipientxe "Recipient" should contactxe "Contact" its project manager about any unusual activityxe "Activity". Accessxe "Access" to Informationxe "Information". FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to disclose informationxe "Information" about any third party procurement protestxe "Protest" to FTAxe "FTA" upon request. FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to require the recipientxe "Recipient" to provide copies of a particular protestxe "Protest" or all protests, and any or all related supporting documents as FTAxe "FTA" may determine necessary. FTAxe "FTA"’s Rolexe "Role" and Responsibilities. FTAxe "FTA" has developed an appeals processxe "Process" for reviewing protests of a recipientxe "Recipient"’s procurement decisions. Requirements for the Protester. The protester must: Qualify as an “Interested Party.” Only an “interested party” qualifies for FTAxe "FTA" reviewxe "Review" of its appealxe "Appeal". An “interested party” is a party that is an actual or prospective bidderxe "Bidder" or offerorxe "Offeror" whose direct economic interest would be affected by the awardxe "Award" or failurexe "Failure" to awardxe "Award" the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" at issue. Subcontractors. A subcontractor does not qualify as an “interested party” because it does not have a direct economic interest in the results of the procurement. Consortia/Joint Venturexe "Joint Venture"s/Partnerships/Teams. An established consortiumxe "Consortium", joint venturexe "Joint Venture", partnershipxe "Partnership", or teamxe "Team" that is an actual bidderxe "Bidder" or offerorxe "Offeror" and is acting in its entirety, would qualify as an “interested party” because it has a direct economic interest in the results of the procurement. An individual member of a consortiumxe "Consortium", joint venturexe "Joint Venture", partnershipxe "Partnership", or teamxe "Team", acting solely in its individual capacityxe "Capacity", does not qualify as an “interested party” because it does not have a direct economic interest in the results of the procurement. Associations or Organizations. An association or organization that does not perform contracts does not qualify as an “interested party,” because it does not have a direct economic interest in the results of the procurement. Exhaust Administrativexe "Administrative" Remediesxe "Remedies"xe "Administrative Remedies". The protester must exhaust its administrativexe "Administrative" remediesxe "Remedies"xe "Administrative Remedies" by pursuing the recipientxe "Recipient"’s protestxe "Protest" procedures to completion before appealing the recipientxe "Recipient"’s decision to FTAxe "FTA". Appealxe "Appeal" Within Five Days. The protester must deliver its appealxe "Appeal" to the FTAxe "FTA" Regional Administratorxe "Regional Administrator"xe "Administrator" for the regionxe "Region" administering its project or the FTAxe "FTA" Associate Administratorxe "Administrator" for the program officexe "Office" administering its project within five (5) working days of the date when the protester has received actual or constructive noticexe "Notice" of the recipientxe "Recipient"’s final decision. Likewise, the protester must provide its appealxe "Appeal" to the FTAxe "FTA" Regional Administratorxe "Regional Administrator"xe "Administrator" for the regionxe "Region" administering its project or the FTAxe "FTA" Associate Administratorxe "Administrator" for the program officexe "Office" administering its project within five (5) working days of the date when the protester has identified other grounds for appealxe "Appeal" to FTAxe "FTA". For example, other grounds for appealxe "Appeal" include the recipientxe "Recipient"’s failurexe "Failure" to have or failurexe "Failure" to comply with its protestxe "Protest" procedures or failurexe "Failure" to reviewxe "Review" the protestxe "Protest". Extent of FTAxe "FTA" Reviewxe "Review". As provided in the Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for governmental recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients", FTAxe "FTA" will limit its reviewxe "Review" of third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" protests as follows: The Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Procedural Failures. FTAxe "FTA" will consider a protestxe "Protest" if the recipientxe "Recipient": Does not have protestxe "Protest" procedures, or Has not complied with its protestxe "Protest" procedures, or Has not reviewed the protestxe "Protest" when presented an opportunityxe "Opportunity" to do so. Violations of Federal Lawxe "Law" or Regulationsxe "Regulations". FTAxe "FTA" will not consider every appealxe "Appeal" filed by a protestor of an FTAxe "FTA" recipientxe "Recipient"’s protestxe "Protest" decision merely because a Federal lawxe "Law" or regulation may be involved. Instead, FTAxe "FTA" will exercise discretionary jurisdiction over those appeals involving issues important to FTAxe "FTA"’s overall public transportationxe "Public Transportation" program. FTAxe "FTA" will refer violations of Federal lawxe "Law" for which it does not have primary jurisdiction to the Federal authority having proper jurisdiction. Violations of Statexe "State" or Local Lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law" or Regulationsxe "Regulations". FTAxe "FTA" will refer violations of Statexe "State" or local lawxe "Local Law"xe "Law" to the Statexe "State" or local authority having proper jurisdiction. FTAxe "FTA" Determinations to Decline Protestxe "Protest" Reviews. FTAxe "FTA"’s determination to decline jurisdiction over a protestxe "Protest" does not mean that FTAxe "FTA" approves of or agrees with the recipientxe "Recipient"’s decision or that FTAxe "FTA" has determined the contract is eligiblexe "Eligible" for Federal participationxe "Participation". FTAxe "FTA"’s determination means only that FTAxe "FTA" does not consider the issues presented to be sufficiently important to FTAxe "FTA"’s overall program that FTAxe "FTA" considers a reviewxe "Review" to be required. CHANGES AND MODIFICATIONS. The Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Rolexe "Role" and Responsibilities. The recipientxe "Recipient" is responsiblexe "Responsible" for issuing, evaluating, and making necessary decisions involving any changexe "Change" to its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s, and any changexe "Change" orderxe "Change Order"s, or modifications it may issue. The recipientxe "Recipient" is also responsiblexe "Responsible" for evaluating and making the necessary decisions involving any claimxe "Claim" of a constructive changexe "Constructive Change"xe "Change". In general, FTAxe "FTA" expects each recipientxe "Recipient" to comply with the following procedures: Approvalxe "Approval" Requirements. FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to have costxe "Cost" justifications supporting each changexe "Change" orderxe "Change Order" it may issue. FTAxe "FTA" also expects the recipientxe "Recipient"’s authorized official to approve any proposed changexe "Change" orderxe "Change Order" before it is issued. Costxe "Cost" Restrictions. To be eligiblexe "Eligible" for FTAxe "FTA" assistance under the recipientxe "Recipient"’s grantxe "Grant" or cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement", the costxe "Cost" of the changexe "Change", modificationxe "Modification", changexe "Change" orderxe "Change Order", or constructive changexe "Constructive Change"xe "Change" must be allowable, allocable, within the scopexe "Scope" of its grantxe "Grant" or cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement", and reasonable for the completion of project scopexe "Scope". A more extensive discussionxe "Discussion" on Changes and Modifications can be found in FTAxe "FTA"’s Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual" (BPPMxe "BPPM").FTAxe "FTA"’s Rolexe "Role" and Responsibilities. FTAxe "FTA" does not participate in the recipientxe "Recipient"’s decisions involving changexe "Change" orderxe "Change Order"s, constructive changexe "Constructive Change"s, or modifications, but reserves the right to reviewxe "Review" the recipientxe "Recipient"’s supporting documentationxe "Documentation" as necessary to determine the extent of FTAxe "FTA" assistance that may be used to support those costs. DISPUTESxe "Disputes". The Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Rolexe "Role" and Responsibilities. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s charges the recipientxe "Recipient" with responsibilityxe "Responsibility" for evaluating and resolving third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" disputesxe "Disputes". If the recipientxe "Recipient" intends to request FTAxe "FTA"’s permission to use Federal assistance to support payments to a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"or to settle a dispute, or intends to request increased Federal assistance for that purpose, the recipientxe "Recipient"’s responsibilities are as follows: Notifyxe "Notify" FTAxe "FTA". FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to provide the following informationxe "Information" in connection with third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" disputesxe "Disputes" in which it is involved: Subjects. A listxe "List" of disputesxe "Disputes" involving third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s and potential third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s that: Have a valuexe "Value" exceeding $100,000, Involve a controversial matter, irrespective of amount, or Involve a highly publicized matter, irrespective of amount. Details. The following informationxe "Information" about each dispute: A brief descriptionxe "Description" of the dispute, The basis of disagreement, and If open, how far the dispute has proceeded, or If resolved, the agreement or decision reached, and Whether an appealxe "Appeal" has been taken or is likely to be taken. When and Where. The recipientxe "Recipient" should provide this informationxe "Information": In its next quarterly Milestone Progress Reportxe "Report", and At its next Project Management Oversightxe "Oversight" reviewxe "Review", if any. Small recipients may reportxe "Report" less frequently if no disputesxe "Disputes" are outstanding. FTAxe "FTA" Officialxe "FTA Official"s to Notifyxe "Notify". FTAxe "FTA" also encourages the recipientxe "Recipient" to keep its FTAxe "FTA" project manager informed about disputesxe "Disputes" with which it is involved. In particular, the recipientxe "Recipient" should contactxe "Contact" its project manager about any unusual activityxe "Activity". Adequatexe "Adequate" Documentationxe "Documentation". FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to include adequatexe "Adequate" documentationxe "Documentation" in its project files of the facts, events, negotiations, applicable laws, and a legal evaluationxe "Evaluation" of the likelihood of success in any potential litigationxe "Litigation" involving the dispute as may be needed to justify FTAxe "FTA"’s concurrencexe "Concurrence" in any compromise or settlementxe "Settlement", should FTAxe "FTA" concurrencexe "Concurrence" become necessary. Auditxe "Audit". An auditxe "Audit" can help the recipientxe "Recipient" demonstrate that any settlementxe "Settlement" costs, if incurred, are necessary, reasonable, adequately documented, and appropriate for FTAxe "FTA" support. The recipientxe "Recipient" should consider conducting or obtaining a formal auditxe "Audit" to substantiate each part of a large contract dispute before entering into a settlementxe "Settlement". The auditxe "Audit" should be conducted in accordance with “Generally Accepted Auditing Standards” as defined by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. FTAxe "FTA" also encourages the recipientxe "Recipient" to undertake an auditxe "Audit" or similar analysis before settlementxe "Settlement" of a small dispute. FTAxe "FTA"’s Rolexe "Role" and Responsibilities. FTAxe "FTA" generally does not become involved in negotiating the resolution of a recipientxe "Recipient"’s disputesxe "Disputes". However, FTAxe "FTA" does reservexe "Reserve" the right to become involved as follows: Determine Reasonableness. FTAxe "FTA" may reviewxe "Review" the reasonableness of a negotiatedxe "Negotiated" settlementxe "Settlement" to determine the extent of its participationxe "Participation" in the costs of the settlementxe "Settlement". Reviewxe "Review" Documents. When FTAxe "FTA" considers necessary, FTAxe "FTA" may reviewxe "Review" the recipientxe "Recipient"’s files and historyxe "History" pertaining to the dispute or experiencexe "Experience" under a particular grantxe "Grant" or cooperative agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement". If the recipientxe "Recipient" has already disbursed amounts determined to be ineligible through subsequent auditxe "Audit" or FTAxe "FTA" reviewxe "Review", the recipientxe "Recipient" must return those amounts to FTAxe "FTA", unless FTAxe "FTA" determines otherwise. FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to defer participationxe "Participation" in settlementxe "Settlement" costs until it receives an adequatexe "Adequate" auditxe "Audit". CLAIMS AND LITIGATIONxe "Litigation". The Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Rolexe "Role" and Responsibilities. The Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"s charge the recipientxe "Recipient" with responsibilityxe "Responsibility" for evaluating and resolving third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" claims and litigationxe "Litigation" resulting from a contractor’s violationxe "Violation", default, or breachxe "Breach" of its third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s with recipients of Federal assistance. The recipientxe "Recipient" is also responsiblexe "Responsible" for resolving any claims and litigationxe "Litigation" the contractor may present against it. Due to FTAxe "FTA"’s financialxe "Financial" interest in the settlementxe "Settlement" of third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" claims and litigationxe "Litigation", and concerns about matters with significant policy consequences to the Federal Government, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to: Notifyxe "Notify" FTAxe "FTA". FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to provide the following informationxe "Information" in connection with third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" claims and litigationxe "Litigation" with which it is involved. Subjects. A listxe "List" of claims and litigationxe "Litigation" involving third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s and potential third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s that: Have a valuexe "Value" exceeding $100,000, Involve a controversial matter, irrespective of amount, or Involve a highly publicized matter, irrespective of amount. Details. The following informationxe "Information" about each claimxe "Claim" or lawsuit: A brief descriptionxe "Description" of the claimxe "Claim" or litigationxe "Litigation", The basis of disagreement, and If open, how far the claimxe "Claim" or litigationxe "Litigation" has proceeded, or If resolved, the decision or agreement reached, and Whether an appealxe "Appeal" has been or is likely to be taken. When and Where. The recipientxe "Recipient" should provide this informationxe "Information": In its next quarterly Milestone Progress Reportxe "Report", and At its next Project Management Oversightxe "Oversight" reviewxe "Review", if any. Small recipients may reportxe "Report" less frequently if no claims or litigationxe "Litigation" are outstanding. FTAxe "FTA" Officialxe "FTA Official"s to Notifyxe "Notify". FTAxe "FTA" also encourages the recipientxe "Recipient" to keep its FTAxe "FTA" project manager informed about claims and litigationxe "Litigation" with which it is involved. In particular, the recipientxe "Recipient" should contactxe "Contact" its project manager about any unusual activityxe "Activity". Legal Rights and Remediesxe "Remedies". In resolving third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" claims, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to take reasonable measures to pursue its rights and remediesxe "Remedies" available under lawxe "Law", including settlementxe "Settlement", particularly if failurexe "Failure" to do so would jeopardize the Federal interestxe "Federal Interest" in the project or cause the recipientxe "Recipient" to seek additional Federal assistance. FTAxe "FTA"’s Rolexe "Role" and Responsibilities. In support of its financialxe "Financial" interest in the settlementxe "Settlement" of claims and litigationxe "Litigation" involving any federally assisted third party contractxe "Third Party Contract"s, FTAxe "FTA" has retained its discretion to assert the following rights: Proceeds Recovered. FTAxe "FTA" retains a right to a share of any net proceeds recovered through a third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" claimxe "Claim" or litigationxe "Litigation", in proportion to the amount FTAxe "FTA" has committed to the project, unless FTAxe "FTA" permits other uses of the proceeds recovered. Liquidated Damagesxe "Liquidated Damages". If the third party contractxe "Third Party Contract" includes a liquidated damagesxe "Liquidated Damages" provisionxe "Provision", FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to credit any liquidated damagesxe "Liquidated Damages" recovered to the project, unless FTAxe "FTA" permits other uses of the liquidated damagesxe "Liquidated Damages". For example, in negotiating the terms of a claimxe "Claim" or litigationxe "Litigation" settlementxe "Settlement", it may be reasonable for the recipientxe "Recipient" to exchange some or all liquidated damagesxe "Liquidated Damages" that may be due the recipientxe "Recipient" for additional propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services". FTAxe "FTA" PARTICIPATIONxe "Participation" IN SETTLEMENTS, ARBITRATIONxe "Arbitration" AWARDxe "Award"xe "Arbitration Award"S, AND COURT AWARDxe "Court Award"S. The Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Responsibilities. Settlementxe "Settlement" Arrangements Must Be Reasonable. FTAxe "FTA" recognizes that a settlementxe "Settlement" may require the recipientxe "Recipient" to relinquish its rights to amounts it would otherwise be due, including amounts for liquidated damagesxe "Liquidated Damages" and other matters, were it to prevail on all matters at issue. Still, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to enter into a settlementxe "Settlement" only if the recipientxe "Recipient" can justify its terms as reasonable. Reasonable settlementxe "Settlement" arrangements can take many formsxe "Forms". In certain situations, an agreement by the contractor to provide extra propertyxe "Property" or servicesxe "Services" in lieu of payments or reduced payments for damages, including liquidated damagesxe "Liquidated Damages", may be reasonable. Maintain Sufficient Records. To justify FTAxe "FTA"’s participationxe "Participation" in settlements, arbitrationxe "Arbitration" awardxe "Award"xe "Arbitration Award"s, or court awardxe "Court Award"s, the recipientxe "Recipient"’s records must be sufficient to demonstrate that the recipientxe "Recipient" has taken reasonable and prudent measures to prevent or offset the actions or circumstances resulting in the underlying protestxe "Protest", dispute, claimxe "Claim", or litigationxe "Litigation". Obtain FTAxe "FTA" Concurrencexe "Concurrence". When the recipientxe "Recipient" incurs costs due to binding arbitrationxe "Arbitration" or court decision, FTAxe "FTA" expects the recipientxe "Recipient" to secure FTAxe "FTA" reviewxe "Review" and its written concurrencexe "Concurrence" in a proposed or final settlementxe "Settlement" involving a dispute, claimxe "Claim", or litigationxe "Litigation" before using Federal assistance to support its costs if one of the following circumstances is present: Exceeds $100,000. When the settlementxe "Settlement" exceeds $100,000. Insufficient Funds. When the approved project lacks sufficient funds to cover the settlementxe "Settlement" costs. Special Federal Interestxe "Federal Interest" or Federal Concernxe "Federal Concern". When a special Federal interestxe "Federal Interest" or Federal concernxe "Federal Concern" is declared due to program managementxe "Program Management" concerns, possible mismanagement, impropriety, waste, or fraudxe "Fraud". FTAxe "FTA"’s Prerogatives. Reviewxe "Review" Supporting Documentationxe "Documentation". FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to reviewxe "Review" the recipientxe "Recipient"’s supporting documentationxe "Documentation". Provide Federal Assistance. If FTAxe "FTA" assistance is available, FTAxe "FTA" may provide a prorated share of any eligiblexe "Eligible" costs resulting from protests, disputesxe "Disputes", claims, litigationxe "Litigation", or settlements that were not caused by the recipientxe "Recipient"’s mismanagement or are attributable to the contractor, and were otherwise properly incurred. Deny Federal Assistance. Protests, disputesxe "Disputes", claims, litigationxe "Litigation", or settlements that result from the recipientxe "Recipient"’s negligence or error are usually ineligible for FTAxe "FTA" participationxe "Participation". FTAxe "FTA" reserves the right to determine the extent to which FTAxe "FTA" assistance may be used for any dispute, claimxe "Claim", litigationxe "Litigation", or settlementxe "Settlement" caused in whole or part by the recipientxe "Recipient"’s negligence or error. Examples of situations that might be caused by a recipientxe "Recipient"’s negligence or error include, but are not limitedxe "Limited" to, the following: Right-of-Way. Failurexe "Failure" to ensure clear accessxe "Access" to all needed right-of-way prior to awardxe "Award" of the constructionxe "Construction" contract. Utility Agreements. Failurexe "Failure" to execute all required utility agreements in timexe "Time" to assure uninterrupted constructionxe "Construction" progress. Planningxe "Planning" and Scheduling. Failurexe "Failure" to undertake comprehensive project planningxe "Planning" and scheduling to achieve proper coordination among contractors. Subsurface Conditions. Failurexe "Failure" to inform potential contractors of all available geo-technical informationxe "Information" on subsurface conditions. Materials Compatibility. Failurexe "Failure" to ensure that all materials provided by the recipientxe "Recipient" are compatible with contractor project facilities or equipmentxe "Equipment" or both and available when needed. Pre-Constructionxe "Construction" Surveys and Engineeringxe "Engineering". Failurexe "Failure" to complete all preconstructionxe "Construction" surveys and engineeringxe "Engineering" prior to issuing the contractor a Noticexe "Notice" to Proceed. Public Authority Approvals. Failurexe "Failure" to complete the necessary approvals and agreements from all other public authorities affected by the project before contract awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award". Drawing Approvals. Failurexe "Failure" by the recipientxe "Recipient" to approve and provide all designxe "Design" and shop drawings to the contractor promptly as needed. APPENDIX AREFERENCESFederal Transit Lawsxe "Federal Transit Laws", Title 49, United States Code, Chapter 53; also public transportationxe "Public Transportation" provisions of Title 23, United States Code. Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), Pub. L. 112-141, July 6, 2012Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users, (SAFETEA-LUxe "SAFETEA-LU"), Public?Lawxe "Law"?109-59, August 10, 2005, as amendedxe "Amended" by the SAFETEA-LUxe "SAFETEA-LU" Technical Corrections Act, 2008, Public Lawxe "Law" 110-244, June 6, 2008. Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Centuryxe "Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century" 1998 (TEA-21xe "TEA-21"), Public?Lawxe "Law"?105-178 as amendedxe "Amended" by TEA-21xe "TEA-21" Restoration Act 1998, Public?Lawxe "Law"?105-206. 7 U.S.C. Sections 2131 et seq.—Animalxe "Animal" Welfare Actxe "Animal Welfare Act", as amendedxe "Amended". 15 U.S.C. Sections 205a et seq.— Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Actxe "Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act" (Amendments to the Metricxe "Metric" Conversion Act), 15?U.S.C. §§?205a et seq. 15?U.S.C. Section 644 note—Section 7101(a) of the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994xe "Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994" (Repeal of Laborxe "Labor" Surplusxe "Surplus" Area Programs). 18 U.S.C. Section 874—Section 1 of the Copeland Anti-Kickbackxe "Anti-Kickback" Actxe "Copeland Anti-Kickback Act", as amendedxe "Amended". 18 U.S.C. Section 1001—Criminal Fraudxe "Fraud"xe "Criminal Fraud". 20 U.S.C. Sections 1681 et seq.—Title?IXxe "Title IX" of the Education Amendments of 1972xe "Title?IX of the Education Amendments of 1972" \t "See also, Title IX"xe "Title?IX of the Education Amendments of 1972", as amendedxe "Amended" (Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Sexxe "Sex"). 23 U.S.C. Section 101 note—Section 451 of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (HIRE Actxe “HIRE Act”), Pub. L. 111-147, Title IV, Section 451, March 18, 2010.23 U.S.C. Section 512 note—Section 5307(c) of SAFETEA-LUxe "SAFETEA-LU" (Intelligent Transportation Systemxe "Intelligent Transportation System"s). 29 U.S.C. Sections 201 et seq.—Fair Laborxe "Labor" Standardsxe "Fair Labor Standards" Actxe "Fair Labor Standards Act", as amendedxe "Amended" (Wagexe "Wage" and Hourxe "Wage and Hour" Restrictions). 29 U.S.C. Sections 621 through 634—Agexe "Age" Discrimination in Employmentxe "Employment" Actxe "Age Discrimination in Employment Act" (Prohibitions). 29 U.S.C. Section 794—Section 504 of the Rehabilitationxe "Rehabilitation" Actxe "Rehabilitation Act" of 1973, as amendedxe "Amended" (Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" under Federal Grants on the Basis of Disabilityxe "Disability"). 29 U.S.C. Section 794d—Section 508 of the Rehabilitationxe "Rehabilitation" Actxe "Rehabilitation Act" of 1973, as amendedxe "Amended" (Electronicxe "Electronic" and Informationxe "Information" Technologyxe "Technology"xe "Information Technology" acquired with Federal funding to be Accessiblexe "Accessible"xe "Accessible"). 31 U.S.C. Section 1352—Limitation on Use of Appropriated Funds to Influence Certain Federal Contracting and Financialxe "Financial" Transactions (Byrd “Anti-Lobbyingxe "Lobbying"” Amendmentxe "Amendment"xe "Byrd Anti-Lobbying Amendment"). 31 U.S.C. Sections 3801 et seq.—Program Fraudxe "Fraud" Civil Remediesxe "Remedies" Act of 1986, as amendedxe "Amended". 31 U.S.C. Section 5112(p)—Section 104 of the Presidential $1 Coinxe "Coin" Actxe "Presidential $1 Coin Act" of 2005 (Use of Coins in Transit Facilities and Equipmentxe "Equipment"). 31 U.S.C. Sections 7501 et seq.—Single Auditxe "Audit" Actxe "Single Audit Act" of 1984, as amendedxe "Amended" (Audits of Federally Funded Programs). 33 U.S.C. Sections 1251 through 1377—Clean Waterxe "Water" Actxe "Clean Water Act". 35 U.S.C. Sections 200 et seq.—Bayh-Dole Actxe "Bayh-Dole Act" (Patentxe "Patent" Rights). 40 U.S.C. Section 502(a)(3)—Federal Propertyxe "Property" and Administrativexe "Administrative" Servicesxe "Services" Actxe "Federal Property and Administrative Services Act" of 1949, as amendedxe "Amended" (General Servicesxe "Services" Administrationxe "General Services Administration" (GSAxe "GSA") Schedulexe "Schedule" Use by the District of Columbia). 40 U.S.C. Section 502(c)(1)(A)—Section 211 of the E-Government Act of 2002xe "E-Government Act of 2002" (GSAxe "GSA" Schedulexe "Schedule" Use for Informationxe "Information" Technologyxe "Technology"xe "Information Technology"). 40 U.S.C. Section 502(c)(1)(B)—Section 2 of the Local Preparedness Acquisition Actxe "Local Preparedness Acquisition Act" (GSAxe "GSA" Schedulexe "Schedule" Use for Safety or Security Emergency Preparedness) 40 U.S.C. Section 502(c)(1)(B)—Section 2 of the Local Preparedness Acquisition Actxe "Local Preparedness Acquisition Act" (GSAxe "GSA" Schedulexe "Schedule" Use for Safety or Security Emergency Preparedness).40 U.S.C. Section 502(d)—Section 833 of the John Warner National Defense Authorizationxe "Authorization" Act for Fiscal Year 2007xe "John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007" (GSAxe "GSA" Schedulexe "Schedule" Use for Major Disasterxe "Major Disaster" or Emergencyxe "Emergency" Relief). 40 U.S.C. Chapter 11—Architecturalxe "Architectural" Engineeringxe "Architectural Engineering"xe "Engineering" Procurement Requirements (“Brooks?Actxe "Brooks Act"”). 40 U.S.C. Sections 3141 et seq.—Davis-Bacon Actxe "Davis-Bacon Act" (Prevailing Wagexe "Wage"xe "Prevailing Wage"s). 40?U.S.C. Section 3145—Section 2 of the Copeland Anti-Kickbackxe "Anti-Kickback" Actxe "Copeland Anti-Kickback Act", as amendedxe "Amended".40?U.S.C. Section 3701(b)(3)(A)(iii)—Section 4104(c) of the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994xe "Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994") (Increased Wagexe "Wage" and Hourxe "Wage and Hour" Thresholds for Contract Work Hours and Safetyxe "Safety" Standards Actxe "Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act"). 40 U.S.C. Section 3702—Section 102 of the Contract Work Hours and Safetyxe "Safety" Standards Actxe "Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act" (Wagexe "Wage" and Hourxe "Wage and Hour" Restrictions). 40 U.S.C. Section 3704—Section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safetyxe "Safety" Standards Actxe "Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act" (Constructionxe "Construction" Safetyxe "Safety"). 41 U.S.C. Section 253m—(Two-Step Selectionxe "Selection" Procedures Processxe "Process" [for Federal Procurements]). 41 U.S.C. Section 403(11)—Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994xe "Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994" (Definitionxe "Definition" of the [Federal] Simplified Acquisition Threshold). 42 U.S.C. Sections 289 et seq.—National Researchxe "Research" Actxe "National Research Act", as amendedxe "Amended" (Protection of Humans). 42?U.S.C. Sections?2000d et seq.—Title VIxe "Title VI" of the Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" Actxe "Title VI of the Civil Rights Act" of 1964, as amendedxe "Amended" (Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination"). 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e et seq.—Title VIxe "Title VI"Ixe "Title VII" of the Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" Actxe "Title VII of the Civil Rights Act" of 1964, as amendedxe "Amended" (Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity"). 42?U.S.C. Sections?4601 et?seq.—Uniform Relocationxe "Relocation" Assistance and Real Propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property" Acquisition Policies Actxe "Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act" of?1970, as amendedxe "Amended". 42 U.S.C. Section 5150—Stafford Actxe "Stafford Act" (Major Disasterxe "Major Disaster" or Emergencyxe "Emergency" Relief). 42 U.S.C. Sections 6101 et seq.—Agexe "Age" Discrimination Actxe "Age Discrimination Act" of?1975, as amendedxe "Amended", (Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Agexe "Age" in Federal or Federal Assistance Programs). 42 U.S.C. Sections 6321 et seq.—Subchapter III, Part B, Energyxe "Energy" Policy and Conservation Actxe "Energy Policy and Conservation Act" (Statexe "State" Energyxe "Energy" Conservation Plans). 42 U.S.C. Section 6962—Section 4002 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Actxe "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act" of 1976, as amendedxe "Amended" (Recycledxe "Recycled" Materials). 42 U.S.C. Sections 7401 through 7671q—Clean Airxe "Air" Actxe "Clean Air Act". 42 U.S.C. Sections 7701 et seq.—Earthquake Hazards Reduction Actxe "Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act" of 1977, as amendedxe "Amended", (Seismicxe "Seismic" Safetyxe "Safety"). 42 U.S.C. Sections 12101 et seq.—Americans with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" Actxe "Americans with Disabilities Act" of 1990, as amendedxe "Amended" (Accessibility for Persons with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities"). 46 U.S.C. Section 55305—Cargo Preferencexe "Preference"xe "Cargo Preference" Actxe "Cargo Preference Act" (codified). 48 U.S.C. Section 1469e—Use of GSAxe "GSA" Supply Schedules by Insular Areas. 49 U.S.C. Section 114(r)—Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation", Transportation Securityxe "Security" Administration (Protection of Sensitive Securityxe "Security" Informationxe "Sensitive Security Information"xe "Information"). 49?U.S.C. Sections?303(b) and 303(c)—Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation" (DOTxe "DOT") (Statutory protections for Parks, Recreation Areaxe "Recreation Area"s, Wildlifexe "Wildlife" and Waterfowlxe "Waterfowl" Refuges, and Historic Sites). 49 U.S.C. Section 40118—Section 5 of the Internationalxe "International" Airxe "Air" Transportation Fair Competitive Practices Actxe "International Air Transportation Fair Competitive Practices Act" of?1974, as amendedxe "Amended" (“Fly Americaxe "Fly America"” Act – Persons and Propertyxe "Property"). 49 U.S.C. Section 40119(b)—(Protection of Sensitive Securityxe "Security" Informationxe "Sensitive Security Information"xe "Information"). DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Nonprocurement Suspensionxe "Suspension" and Debarmentxe "Debarment",” 2 CFR Part 1200. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Uniform Administrativexe "Administrative" Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement"s to Statexe "State" and Local Governmentxe "Local Government"sxe "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements to State and Local Governments",” 49 CFR Part 18 (Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for Governmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients"). DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Uniform Administrativexe "Administrative" Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Organizationsxe "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit Organizations",” 49 CFR Part 19 (Common Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule" for Non-governmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sxe "Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients"). DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Protection of Human Subjects,” 49 CFR Part 11. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Protection of Sensitive Securityxe "Security" Informationxe "Sensitive Security Information"xe "Information",” 49 CFR Part 15. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “New Restrictions on Lobbyingxe "Lobbying",” 49 CFR Part 20. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" in Federally Assisted Programs of the Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation" – Effectuation of Title VIxe "Title VI" of the Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" Actxe "Title VI of the Civil Rights Act",” 49?CFR Part?21. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Uniform Relocationxe "Relocation" Assistance and Real Propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property" Acquisition for Federal and Federally Assisted Programs,” 49 CFR Part 24. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Sexxe "Sex" in Education Programs or Activitiesxe "Activities" Receiving Federal Financialxe "Financial" Assistance,” 49 CFR Part 25. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Participationxe "Participation" by Disadvantaged Business Enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise"s in Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation" Financialxe "Financial" Assistance Programs,” 49 CFR Part 26, as amended by the “Disadvantaged Business Enterprise: Program Improvements” amendments thereto, 76?FR 5083 et seq. January 28, 2011. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Program Fraudxe "Fraud" Civil Remediesxe "Remedies",” 49?C.F.R. Part?31.DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Handicapxe "Handicap" in Programs and Activitiesxe "Activities" Receiving or Benefiting from Federal Financialxe "Financial" Assistance,” 49 CFR Part 27. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Transportation Servicesxe "Services" for Individuals with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" (ADA),” 49?CFR Part?37, including Appendix A, “DOTxe "DOT" Modifications of ATBCB Standards for Accessiblexe "Accessible"xe "Accessible" Transportation Facilities.” Joint Architecturalxe "Architectural" and Transportation Barriersxe "Barriers" Compliance Boardxe "Joint Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board" (ATBCB)/DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Americans with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" (ADA) Accessibility Specifications for Transportation Vehicles ,” 36 CFR Part 1192 and 49?CFR Part 38. DOTxe "DOT" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Seismicxe "Seismic" Safetyxe "Safety" ,” 49 CFR Part 41 at Sections 41.117 and 41.120. Federal Transit Administrationxe "Federal Transit Administration" (FTAxe "FTA") regulationsxe "Regulations", “Charterxe "Charter" Servicexe "Service",” 49 CFR Part 604. FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Schoolxe "School" Busxe "Bus" Operations,” 49 CFR Part 605. FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Capital Leases,” 49 CFR Part 639. FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Prevention of Alcohol Misuse and Prohibitedxe "Prohibited" Drug Use in Transit Operations,” 49 CFR Part 655. FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Buy Americaxe "Buy America",” 49 CFR Part 661. FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Pre-Awardxe "Award" and Post-Deliveryxe "Delivery" Audits of Rolling Stockxe "Rolling Stock" Purchases,” 49?CFR Part 663. FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Busxe "Bus" Testingxe "Bus Testing",” 49 CFR Part 665. Joint Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)/FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Environmentalxe "Environmental" Impact and Related Procedures,” 23?C.F.R. Part?771 and 49?C.F.R. Part?622. Joint FHWA/FTAxe "FTA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Parks, Recreation Areaxe "Recreation Area"s, Wildlifexe "Wildlife" and Waterfowlxe "Waterfowl" Refuges, and Historic Sites,” 23?CFR Parts?771 and 774, and 49?CFR Part?622. Federal Acquisition Regulationxe "Federal Acquisition Regulation" (FARxe "FAR"), 48?CFR Chapter 1. FARxe "FAR" Subpart 6.3, 48 CFR Chapter 1, Subpart?6.3 (Federal Procurement by Noncompetitive Proposalxe "Proposal"xe "Noncompetitive Proposal"xe "Competitive Proposal"s). FARxe "FAR" Subparts 25.1 and 25.2, 48 CFR Chapter 1, Subparts 25.1 and 25.2 (Federal Buy Americaxe "Buy America"n Regulationsxe "Regulations"). FARxe "FAR" Part 31, 48 CFR Chapter 1, Part 31 (Federal Costxe "Cost" Principles). FARxe "FAR" Subpart 31.2, 48 CFR Chapter 1, Subpart 31.2 (Contracts with Commercial Organizations). Department of Homeland Securityxe "Security" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Protection of Sensitive Securityxe "Security" Informationxe "Sensitive Security Information"xe "Information",” 49 CFR Part 1520. Department of Laborxe "Department of Labor"xe "Labor" (DOLxe "DOL") regulationsxe "Regulations", “Contractors and Subcontractors on Public Buildingxe "Building" or Public Work Financed in Whole or in part by Loans or Grants from the United States,” 29 CFR Part 3. DOLxe "DOL" regulationsxe "Regulations" “Laborxe "Labor" Standards Provisions Applicable to Contracts Governing Federally Financed and Assisted Constructionxe "Construction" (also Laborxe "Labor" Standards Provisions Applicable to Nonconstruction Contracts Subject to the Contract Work Hours and Safetyxe "Safety" Standards Actxe "Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act"),” 29 CFR Part 5. DOLxe "DOL" guidelinesxe "Guidelines", “Section 5333(b), Federal Transit Lawxe "Law",” 29 CFR Part 215. DOLxe "DOL" regulationsxe "Regulations" “Safetyxe "Safety" and Health Regulationsxe "Regulations" for Constructionxe "Construction",” 29 CFR Part 1926. Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity" Commission regulationsxe "Regulations", “Agexe "Age" Discrimination in Employmentxe "Employment" Actxe "Age Discrimination in Employment Act",” 29 CFR Part 1625. DOLxe "DOL" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Officexe "Office" of Federal Contract Compliance, Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity", Department of Laborxe "Department of Labor"xe "Labor",” 41 CFR Chapter 60.Department of Agriculturexe "Department of Agriculture" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Animalxe "Animal" Welfare,” 9 CFR Subchapter A, Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4. Department of the Treasuryxe "Department of the Treasury" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Surety Companies Doing Business with the United States,” 31 CFR Part 223. ATBCB regulationsxe "Regulations", “Electronicxe "Electronic" and Informationxe "Information" Technologyxe "Technology"xe "Information Technology" Accessibility Standards,” 36?CFR Part 1194. Department of Commercexe "Department of Commerce" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Rights to Inventions Made by Nonprofitxe "Nonprofit" Organizations and Small Business Firms,” 37 CFR Part 401. Department of Commercexe "Department of Commerce", “Exportxe "Export" Administration Regulationsxe "Regulations",” 15 CFR Parts 730 et seq. Environmentalxe "Environmental" Protection Agencyxe "Environmental Protection Agency" (EPAxe "EPA") regulationsxe "Regulations", “Comprehensive Procurement Guideline for Products Containing Recovered Materials,” 40 CFR Part 247. EPAxe "EPA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Control of Airxe "Air" Pollutionxe "Pollution" from Mobile Sources,” 40?CFR Part?85. EPAxe "EPA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Control of Airxe "Air" Pollutionxe "Pollution" from New and In-Use Motor Vehicles and New and In-Use Motor Vehicle Engines,” 40?CFR Part?86. EPAxe "EPA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Fuel Economyxe "Fuel Economy" of Motor Vehicles,” 40?CFR Part?600. Council on Environmentalxe "Environmental" Qualityxe "Quality"xe "Council on Environmental Quality" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Other Requirements of NEPA,” 40 CFR Part 1506. Department of Health and Human Servicesxe "Services" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Agexe "Age" in Programs or Activitiesxe "Activities" Receiving Federal Financialxe "Financial" Assistance,” 45 CFR Part 90. General Servicesxe "Services" Administrationxe "General Services Administration" (GSAxe "GSA"), “Federal Propertyxe "Property" Management Regulationsxe "Regulations",” 41 CFR Parts 101-42 through 101-46, and 101-48, 101-49. GSAxe "GSA" regulationsxe "Regulations", “Use of United States Flag Airxe "Air" Carrierxe "Air Carrier"s,” 41?CFR Sections 301-10.131 through 301-10.143. Maritime Administration regulationsxe "Regulations", “Cargo Preferencexe "Preference"xe "Cargo Preference" U.S. Flag Vessels,” 46 CFR Part?381. Executive Order No. 11246, “Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity",” September?24,?1965, as amendedxe "Amended" by Executive Order No. 11375, “Amending Executive Order No. 11246 Relating to Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity",” October?13,?1967. Executive Order No. 12770, “Metricxe "Metric" Usage in Federal Government Programs,” 15 U.S.C. Section 205a note. Executive Order No. 12898, “Federal Actions to Address Environmentalxe "Environmental" Justicexe "Environmental Justice" in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations,” February?11,?1994, 42 U.S.C. Section?4321 note. Executive Order No. 13043, “Increasing Seat Beltxe "Seat Belt" Use in the United States,” August?16,?1997, 23 U.S.C. Section 402 note. Executive Order No.13132, “Federalismxe "Federalism",” August?4,?1999, 5 U.S.C. Section 601 note. Executive Order No. 13166, “Improving Accessxe "Access" to Servicesxe "Services" for Persons with Limitedxe "Limited" English Proficiencyxe "Limited English Proficiency",” August?11,?2000, 42 U.S.C. Section 2000d-1 note. Executive Order No. 13502, “Use of Project Laborxe "Labor" Agreementxe "Project Labor Agreement"s for Federal Constructionxe "Construction" Projects,” February 6, 2009, which rescinds Executive Order No. 13202, “Preservation of Open Competitionxe "Competition" and Government Neutrality Towards Government Contractors’ Laborxe "Labor" Relations on Federal and Federally Funded Constructionxe "Construction" Projects,” February?17,?2001, as amendedxe "Amended" by Executive Order No.?13208, April?6,?2001, 41 U.S.C. Section 251 note. Executive Order No.?13513, “Federal Leadership on Reducing Text Messaging While Drivingxe "Driving",” October?1,?2009, 23?U.S.C. Section 402 note.Officexe "Office" of Management and Budget (OMB) “Guidelinesxe "Guidelines" to Agencies on Governmentwide Debarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension" (Nonprocurement),” 2 CFR Part 180. OMB Guidancexe "Guidance" for Grants and Agreements, “Costxe "Cost" Principles for Educational Institutionsxe "Educational Institutions" (OMB Circular A-21),” 2 CFR Part 220. OMB Guidancexe "Guidance" for Grants and Agreements, “Costxe "Cost" Principles for Statexe "State", Local, and Indianxe "Indian" Tribal Governmentxe "Indian Tribal Government"s (OMB Circular A-87),” 2 CFR Part 225. OMB Guidancexe "Guidance" for Grants and Agreements “Costxe "Cost" Principles for Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Organizations (OMB Circular A-122),” 2 CFR Part 230. OMB Circular A-133, “Audits of States, Local Governmentxe "Local Government"s, and Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Organizations,” as revised. GSAxe "GSA" Order ADM 4800.2E, “Eligibilityxe "Eligibility" to Use GSAxe "GSA" Sources of Supply and Servicesxe "Services".” DOTxe "DOT" Order 5610.2, “Department of Transportationxe "Department of Transportation" (DOTxe "DOT") Order To Address Environmentalxe "Environmental" Justicexe "Environmental Justice" in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations,” 62?FR 18377, April 15, 1997. DOTxe "DOT" Order 3902.10, “Text Messaging While Drivingxe "Driving",” December 30, 2009.DOTxe "DOT", “Policy Guidancexe "Guidance" Concerning Recipients’ Responsibilities to Limitedxe "Limited" English Proficient (LEPxe "LEP") Persons,” December 14, 2005. FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 4702.1A, “Title VIxe "Title VI" and Title VIxe "Title VI"-Dependent Guidelinesxe "Guidelines" for FTAxe "FTA" Recipients,” 05-13-07. FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 5010.1D, “Grantxe "Grant" Managementxe "Grant Management" Requirements,” 11-01-08. FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 9030.1C, “Urbanized Area Formula Program Grantxe "Grant" Application Instructions” 10-01-98. FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 9300.1B, “Capital Investment Program Guidancexe "Guidance" and Application Instructions” 11-01-08. FTAxe "FTA" Circularxe "FTA Circular" 9400.1A, “Federal Transit Administrationxe "Federal Transit Administration" Designxe "Design" and Artxe "Art" in Transit Projects,” 06-09-95. FTAxe "FTA", “Noticexe "Notice" of Final Agency Guidancexe "Guidance" on the Eligibilityxe "Eligibility" of Joint Developmentxe "Development" Improvements under Federal Transit Lawxe "Law",” 72 FR 5788, February 7, 2007. FTAxe "FTA" Noticexe "Notice", “FTAxe "FTA" National ITSxe "ITS" Architecturexe "Architecture" Policy on Transit Projects” 66?FR 1455 et?seq., January?8, 2001. FTAxe "FTA", Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement" (PDF). FTAxe "FTA", “Best Practices Procurement Manualxe "Best Practices Procurement Manual"” FTAxe "FTA", “Pricing Guide for FTAxe "FTA" Granteesxe "Pricing Guide for FTA Grantees".” FTA Circular 4220.1F, “Third Party Contracting Guidance,” November 1, 2008, as revised. Defense Contract Auditxe "Audit" Agencyxe "Defense Contract Audit Agency" Auditxe "Audit" ManualArms Export Control Act, as amended, 22 U.S.C. Sections 2751 et seq. Trading with the Enemy Act, 50 U.S.C. app. Sections 1 et seq.International Emergency Economic Powers Act, as amended, 50 U.S.C. Sections 1701 et seq. Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, 50 U.S.C. app. Sections 2401 et seq.Department of Commerce, “Export Administration Regulations, “15 C.F.R. Parts 703 et seq.Department of State regulations, “International Traffic in Arms Regulations,” (ITAR), 22 C.F.R. Subchapter M.Department of Treasury, regulations “Office of Foreign Assets Control,” (OFAC) 31 C.F.R. Chapter V.APPENDIX BFTAxe "FTA" REGIONAL AND METROPOLITAN OFFICExe "Office" CONTACTxe "Contact" INFORMATIONxe "Information"Officexe "Office"Area ServedContactxe "Contact" Informationxe "Information"Regionxe "Region" IConnecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and VermontTransportation Systems CenterKendall Square55 Broadway, Suite 920Cambridge, MA 02142-1093Phone: 617-494-2055Fax: 617-494-2865Regionxe "Region" IINew York and New Jersey One Bowling Green, Room 429New York, NY 10004-1415Phone: 212-668-2170Fax: 212-668-2136Regionxe "Region" IIIDelaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia1760 Market Street, Suite 500Philadelphia, PA 19103-4124Phone: 215-656-7100Fax: 215-656-7260Regionxe "Region" IVAlabama, Florida, Georgia,Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, and U.S. Virgin Islands230 Peachtree St., N.W., Suite 800Atlanta, GA 30303Phone: 404-865-5600Fax: 404-865-5605Regionxe "Region" VIllinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin200 West Adams Street, Suite 320Chicago, IL 60606Phone: 312-353-2789Fax: 312-886-0351Regionxe "Region" VIArkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas819 Taylor Street, Room 8A36Fort Worth, TX 76102Phone: 817-978-0550Fax: 817-978-0575Regionxe "Region" VIIIowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska901 Locust, Suite 404Kansas City, MO 64106Phone: 816-329-3920Fax: 816-329-3921Regionxe "Region" VIIIColorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming12300 W Dakota Avenue, Suite 310Lakewood, CO 80228-2583Phone: 720-963-3300Fax: 720-963-3333Regionxe "Region" IXArizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands201 Mission Street, Room 1650San Francisco, CA 94105-1839Phone: 415-744-3133Fax: 415-744-2726Regionxe "Region" XAlaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington915 Second Avenue, Suite 3142Seattle, WA 98174-1002Phone: 206-220-7954Fax: 206-220-7959Lower Manhattan Recovery Officexe "Office"Lower ManhattanOne Bowling Green, Room 436New York, NY 10004 Phone: 212-668-1770Fax: 212-668-2505New York Metropolitan Officexe "Office"New York Metropolitan AreaOne Bowling Green, Room 428 New York, NY 10004-1415 Phone: 212-668-2201Fax: 212-668-2136 PhiladelphiaMetropolitan Officexe "Office"Philadelphia Metropolitan Area1760 Market Street, Suite 510Philadelphia PA 19103-4124Telephone: 215-656-7070Fax: 215-656-7269Washington, DC Metropolitan Officexe "Office"Washington, DC Metropolitan Area1990 K Street NW, Suite 510Washington, DC 20006-1178 Telephone: 202-219-3562/219-3565 Fax: 202-219-3545 Chicago Metropolitan Officexe "Office"Chicago Metropolitan Area200 West Adams Street, Suite 2410 Chicago, IL 60606 Telephone: 312-886-1616 Fax: 312-886-0351Los Angeles Metropolitan Officexe "Office"Los Angeles Metropolitan Area888 S. Figueroa, Suite 1850 Los Angeles, CA 90012 Telephone: 213-202-3950 Fax: 213-202-3961 APPENDIX CTHIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER II, Sec. 2APPLICABILITYxe "Applicability" OF THE CIRCULARCHECKSec. 2.aParticipants in FTAxe "FTA" Assisted ProcurementsSec. 2.a(1)Recipients of FTAxe "FTA" Grants or Cooperative Agreementxe "Cooperative Agreement"sSec. 2.a(1)(a)StatesSec. 2.a(1)(a)1Governmental Subrecipientxe "Subrecipient"xe "Governmental Subrecipient"s of the Statexe "State"Sec. 2.a(1)(a)2Private Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" Subrecipients of the Statexe "State"Sec. 2.a(1)(b)Recipients and Subrecipients that are not StatesSec. 2.a(2)Subrecipients of FTAxe "FTA" AssistanceSec. 2.a(3)Recipients of Both FTAxe "FTA" Assistance and Funds Provided by Another Federal AgencySec. 2.a(4)Recipients of “Other Agreementxe "Other Agreement"” AssistanceSec. 2.a(5)Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract"ors and SubcontractorsSec. 2.a(5)(a)StatusSec. 2.a(5)(b)Effectxe "Effect" of Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements"Sec. 2.bProject Typexe "Type"xe "Project Type"s and Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract"sSec. 2.b(1)Capital Contractxe "Capital Contract"sSec. 2.b(1)(a)Capital Contractxe "Capital Contract"s Financed Without Federal FundsSec. 2.b(1)(b)Artxe "Art"Sec. 2.b(1)(c)Over-the-Road Busxe "Over-the-Road Bus"xe "Bus" Accessibility ProgramSec. 2.b(1)(d)Real Propertyxe "Real Property"xe "Property"Sec. 2.b(2)Operations ContractsSec. 2.b(2)(a)Operations Contracts Financed with FTAxe "FTA" AssistanceSec. 2.b(2)(b)Operations Contracts Financed Entirely Without FTAxe "FTA" AssistanceSec. 2.b(3)Preventive Maintenancexe "Preventive Maintenance" ContractsSec. 2.b(4)Revenue Contractxe "Revenue Contract"sSec. 2.b(4)(a)Limitedxe "Limited" Contract Opportunitiesxe "Limited Contract Opportunities"Sec. 2.b(4)(b)Open Contract Opportunitiesxe "Open Contract Opportunities"Sec. 2.b(5)Joint Developmentxe "Development"Sec. 2.b(5)(a)Constructionxe "Construction" ContractsSec. 2.b(5)(b)Revenue Contractxe "Revenue Contract"sSec. 2.b(5)(c)Other ContractsSec. 2.b(6)Public-Private Partnershipxe "Public-Private Partnership"sSec. 2.b(7)Transactions Involving Complexxe "Complex" Financialxe "Financial" ArrangementsSec. 2.b(7)Force Accountxe "Force Account"Sec. 3Federal Laws and Regulationsxe "Regulations"Sec. 3.aCommon Grantxe "Grant" Rulexe "Common Grant Rule"sSec. 3.a(1)Governmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sSec. 3.a(2)Non-Governmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sSec. 3.bFederal Acquisition Regulationxe "Federal Acquisition Regulation"Sec. 3.cOther Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements"Sec. 3.c(1)Compilation in the Master Agreementxe "Master Agreement"Sec. 3.c(2)Conflicting Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements"Sec. 3.dWaiversSec. 4Statexe "State" and Local Lawxe "Local Law"s and Regulationsxe "Regulations"Sec. 4.aInadequatexe "Inadequate" Statexe "State" and Local RequirementsSec. 4.bConflicts Between Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" and Statexe "State" or Local RequirementsTHIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER IIITHE RECIPIENTxe "Recipient"’S RESPONSIBILITIESCHECKSec. 1.Written Standards of Conductxe "Standards of Conduct"Sec. 1.aPersonal Conflicts of Interestxe "Personal Conflicts of Interest"Sec. 1.bGiftsSec. 1.cViolationsSec. 2Self-Certificationxe "Self-Certification"xe "Certification"Sec. 3Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing Capacityxe "Capacity"Sec. 3.aWritten Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures"Sec. 3.a(1)SolicitationsSec. 3.a(1)(a)Clear DescriptionsSec. 3.a(1)(b)Nonrestrictivexe "Nonrestrictive" SpecificationsSec. 3.a(1)(c)Qualityxe "Quality" RequirementsSec. 3.a(1)(d)Preferencexe "Preference" for Performancexe "Performance" SpecificationsSec. 3.a(1)(e)Brand Namexe "Brand Name" or Equalxe "Equal"Sec. 3.a(2)Necessityxe "Necessity"Sec. 3.a(3)Leasexe "Lease" Versus Purchasexe "Purchase"Sec. 3.a(4)Metricxe "Metric" UsageSec. 3.a(5)Environmentalxe "Environmental" and Energyxe "Energy" Efficiency PreferencesSec. 3.a(6)Procurement MethodsSec. 3.a(7)Legal RestrictionsSec. 3.a(8)Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract" ProvisionsSec. 3.a(9)SourcesSec. 3.a(10)Resolution of Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract"ing IssuesSec. 3.bAdequatexe "Adequate" Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract" ProvisionsSec. 3.cIndustry Contractsxe "Industry Contracts"Sec. 3.dRecordxe "Record" KeepingSec. 3.d(1)Procurement Historyxe "History"Sec. 3.d(1)(a)Procurement Methodxe "Method"Sec. 3.d(1)(b)Contract Typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type"Sec. 3.d(1)(c)Contractor Selectionxe "Selection"Sec. 3.d(1)(d)Costxe "Cost" or Pricexe "Price"Sec. 3.d(1)(e)Reasonable Documentationxe "Documentation"Sec. 3.d(2)Accessxe "Access" to RecordsSec. 3.eSpecial Notificationxe "Notification" Requirements for StatesSec. 3.fUse of Technologyxe "Technology"/Electronicxe "Electronic" Commercexe "Electronic Commerce"Sec. 3.f(1)Sufficient Systemxe "System" Capacityxe "Capacity"Sec. 3.f(2)Written ProceduresSec. 3.f(3)UsesSec. 3.f(3)(a)Standardxe "Standard" Biddingxe "Bidding" and Proposalxe "Proposal" ProceduresSec. 3.f(3)(b)Electronicxe "Electronic" Biddingxe "Bidding" and Reverse Auctionxe "Reverse Auction"sSec. 3.f(3)(b)1Valuexe "Value"Sec. 3.f(3)(b)2ProceduresSec. 3.f(3)(b)2.aNotificationxe "Notification")Sec. 3.f(3)(b)2.bBidxe "Bid" or Quotexe "Quote" SubmissionSec. 3.f(3)(b)2.cInformationxe "Information" Displayed During the Auctionxe "Auction"Sec. 3.f(3)(b)2.dInformationxe "Information" Not Displayed During the Auctionxe "Auction"Sec. 3.f(3)(b)2.eInformationxe "Information" Displayed at the End of the Auctionxe "Auction"Sec. 3.f(3)(b)2.fInformationxe "Information" Provided at the End of the Auctionxe "Auction"Sec. 4Auditxe "Audit"Sec. 4.aThe Recipientxe "Recipient"’s AuditorsSec. 4.bIndependent AuditorsSec. 4.cFederal Auditxe "Audit" AgenciesTHIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER IV, Sec. 1DETERMINING THE RECIPIENTxe "Recipient"’S NEEDSxe "Needs"CHECKSec. 1.aEligibilityxe "Eligibility"Sec. 1.bNecessityxe "Necessity"Sec. 1.b(1)Unnecessary ReservesSec. 1.b(2)Acquisition for Assignmentxe "Assignment" ProhibitionsSec. 1.b(1)(a)General Prohibitionxe "Prohibition"Sec. 1.b(1)(b)Changes in the Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Needsxe "Needs"Sec. 1.b(1)(c)ExceptionsSec. 1.b(1)(c)1Joint Procurementxe "Joint Procurement"sSec. 1.b(1)(c)1Statexe "State" or Local Governmentxe "Local Government" Purchasing Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Purchasing Schedule"s or Purchasing Contractxe "Purchasing Contract"sSec. 1.cProcurement Sizexe "Size"Sec. 1.c(1)Joint Procurementxe "Joint Procurement"sSec. 1.c(2)Small Procurementxe "Small Procurement"sSec. 1.dOptionsSec. 1.eLeasexe "Lease" Versus Purchasexe "Purchase"Sec. 1.fSpecificationsCHAPTER IV, Sec. 2.a.CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONSCHECKSec. 2.a(1)“Responsibilityxe "Responsibility"” RequirementsSec. 2.a(2)Debarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension"Sec. 2.a(2)(a)DOTxe "DOT" Debarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension" Regulationsxe "Regulations"Sec. 2.a(2)(b)GSAxe "GSA" Excluded Parties Listxe "List" Systemxe "System"Sec. 2.a(2)(c)Statexe "State" Debarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension" ListsSec. 2.a(3)Conflictxe "Conflict" of Interestxe "Conflict of Interest"Sec. 2.a(4)Lobbyingxe "Lobbying" Certificationxe "Certification" and Disclosurexe "Disclosure"Sec. 2.a(5)Federal Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" Laws and Regulationsxe "Regulations"Sec. 2.a(5)(a)Federal Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity" (EEOxe "EEO") RequirementsSec. 2.a(5)(a)1Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" in Federal Public Transportationxe "Public Transportation" ProgramsSec. 2.a(5)(a)2Prohibitionxe "Prohibition" Against Employmentxe "Employment" DiscriminationSec. 2.a(5)(b)Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Sexxe "Sex"Sec. 2.a(5)(c)Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Agexe "Age"Sec. 2.a(5)(d)Federal Protections for Individuals with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities"Sec. 2.a(6)Socio-Economicxe "Socio-Economic" Developmentxe "Development"Sec. 2.a(6)(a)Disadvantaged Business Enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise"s (DBExe "DBE")Sec. 2.a(6)(b)Small and Minority Firmxe "Small and Minority Firm"s and Women’s Business EnterprisesSec. 2.a(6)(b)1Noticexe "Notice"Sec. 2.a(6)(b)2Contract Sizexe "Size"Sec. 2.a(6)(b)3Deliveryxe "Delivery" Schedulexe "Schedule"Sec. 2.a(6)(b)4Small Business Administration and the Department of Commercexe "Department of Commerce" Minority Business Developmentxe "Development" AgencySec. 2.a(6)(b)5Subcontracting OpportunitiesSec. 2.a(7)Sensitive Securityxe "Security" Informationxe "Sensitive Security Information"xe "Information"Sec. 2.a(8)Seat Beltxe "Seat Belt" UseTHIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER IV, Sec.2.bADMINISTRATIVExe "Administrative" RESTRICTIONSACQUISITION OF PROPERTYxe "Property" AND SERVICESxe "Services" CHECKSec. 2.b(1)Legal Eligibilityxe "Eligibility"Sec. 2.b(2)Scopexe "Scope" of the ProjectSec. 2.b(3)Period of Performancexe "Period of Performance"xe "Performance"–LimitsSec. 2.b(3)(a)General StandardsSec. 2.b(3)(b)Federal RestrictionsSec. 2.b(3)(c)Timexe "Time" Extensionxe "Time Extension"sSec. 2.b(4)Federal Costxe "Cost" PrinciplesSec. 2.b(4)(a)Governmental EntitiesSec. 2.b(4)(b)Educational Institutionsxe "Educational Institutions"Sec. 2.b(4)(c)Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" EntitiesSec. 2.b(4)(d)For-Profitxe "For-Profit" EntitiesSec. 2.b(5)Paymentxe "Payment" ProvisionsSec. 2.b(5)(a)FTAxe "FTA" Support for the ProjectSec. 2.b(5)(a)1Awardxe "Award" MadeSec. 2.b(5)(a)2Preaward Authorityxe "Preaward Authority"Sec. 2.b(5)(a)3Letter of No Prejudicexe "Letter of No Prejudice"Sec. 2.b(5)(b)Advance Paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"sSec. 2.b(5)(b)1Use of FTAxe "FTA" Assistance Prohibitedxe "Prohibited"Sec. 2.b(5)(b)2Exceptions for Sound Business Reasonxe "Business Reason"sSec. 2.b(5)(b)2.aAdequatexe "Adequate" Securityxe "Security" for Advance Paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s (FTAxe "FTA" Concurrencexe "Concurrence")Sec. 2.b(5)(b)2.bCustomaryxe "Customary" Advance Paymentxe "Payment"xe "Advance Payment"s (FTAxe "FTA" Concurrencexe "Concurrence" – $100,000+)Sec. 2.b(5)(b)2.b Public Utility Connections and Servicesxe "Services"Sec. 2.b(5)(b)2.b RentSec. 2.b(5)(b)2.b TuitionSec. 2.b(5)(b)2.b Insurance PremiumsSec. 2.b(5)(b)2.b Subscriptions to PublicationsSec. 2.b(5)(b)2.b Software LicensesSec. 2.b(5)(b)2.b Constructionxe "Construction" Mobilization Servicesxe "Services"Sec. 2.b(5)(b)2.b TransportationSec. 2.b(5)(b)2.b Hotel ReservationsSec. 2.b(5)(b)2.b Conference and Convention RegistrationSec. 2.b(5)(b)2.b OtherSec. 2.b(5)(c)Progress Paymentxe "Progress Payment"sSec. 2.b(5)(c)1Adequatexe "Adequate" Securityxe "Security" for Progress Paymentxe "Progress Payment"sSec. 2.b(5)(c)2Adequatexe "Adequate" Documentationxe "Documentation"Sec. 2.b(5)(c)3Percentagexe "Percentage" of CompletionSec. 2.b(6)Protections Against Performancexe "Performance" DifficultiesSec.2.b(6)(a)ChangesSec. 2.b(6)(b)Remediesxe "Remedies"Sec. 2.b(6)(b)1Liquidated Damagesxe "Liquidated Damages"Sec. 2.b(6)(b)2Violationxe "Violation" or Breachxe "Breach"Sec. 2.b(6)(b)3Suspensionxe "Suspension" of Workxe "Suspension of Work"Sec. 2.b(6)(b)4Terminationxe "Termination"THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER IV, Sec. 2.cSOCIO-ECONOMICxe "Socio-Economic" REQUIREMENTSACQUISITION OF PROPERTYxe "Property" AND SERVICESxe "Services"CHECKSec. 2.c(1)Laborxe "Labor"Sec. 2.c(1)(a)Wagexe "Wage" and Hourxe "Wage and Hour"Sec. 2.c(1)(b)Fair Laborxe "Labor" Standardsxe "Fair Labor Standards"Sec. 2.c(2)Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights"Sec. 2.c(2)(a)Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" in Federal Public Transportationxe "Public Transportation" ProgramsSec. 2.c(2)(b)Title VIxe "Title VI" of the Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" Actxe "Title VI of the Civil Rights Act"Sec. 2.c(2)(c)Environmentalxe "Environmental" Justicexe "Environmental Justice"Sec. 2.c(2)(d)Limitedxe "Limited" English Proficiencyxe "Limited English Proficiency" (LEPxe "LEP")Sec. 2.c(2)(e)Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination" on the Basis of Disabilityxe "Disability"Sec. 2.c(2)(e)1Section 504 of the Rehabilitationxe "Rehabilitation" Actxe "Rehabilitation Act" of 1973, as amendedxe "Amended" (Section 504)Sec. 2.c(3)(e)2The Americans with Disabilitiesxe "Disabilities" Actxe "Americans with Disabilities Act" of 1990, as amendedxe "Amended" (ADA)Sec. 2.c(3)(e)3DOTxe "DOT" Public Transportationxe "Public Transportation" Regulationsxe "Regulations"-Section 504 and the ADASec. 2.c(3)(e)3.aDesignxe "Design" and Constructionxe "Construction"Sec. 2.c(3)(e)3.bAccessibility and Usabilityxe "Usability"Sec. 2.c(3)(e)omplementary Paratransitxe "Paratransit" Servicexe "Service"Sec. 2.c(3)(e)3.dEqualxe "Equal" Opportunityxe "Opportunity"Sec. 2.c(2)(f)Electronicxe "Electronic" Reports and Informationxe "Information"Sec. 2.c(3)Environmentalxe "Environmental" ProtectionsSec. 2.c(3)(a)Environmentalxe "Environmental" Mitigationxe "Mitigation"Sec. 2.c(3)(b)National Environmentalxe "Environmental" Policy ActSec. 2.c(3)(b)1Propertyxe "Property"Sec. 2.c(3)(b)2Servicesxe "Services"Sec. 2.c(3)(c)Parks, Recreation Areaxe "Recreation Area"s, Wildlifexe "Wildlife" and Waterfowlxe "Waterfowl" Refuges, and Historic SitesSec. 2.c(3)(d)Clean Airxe "Air"Sec. 2.c(3)(e)Clean Waterxe "Water" Sec. 2.c(3)(f)Recycledxe "Recycled" ProductsSec. 2.c(3)(g)Other Federal Environmentalxe "Environmental" Protection RequirementsSec. 2.c(3)(g)Wild and Scenic RiversSec. 2.c(3)(g)Coastal Zonexe "Coastal Zone"sSec. 2.c(3)(g)WetlandsSec. 2.c(3)(g)Endangered SpeciesSec. 2.c(3)(g)FisheriesSec. 2.c(3)(g)Archeological SitesSec. 2.c(3)(g)Indianxe "Indian" Sacred SitesSec. 2.c(4)Energyxe "Energy" ConservationSec. 2.c(5)Preferencexe "Preference" for U.S. Propertyxe "Property"—Buy Americaxe "Buy America"Sec. 2.c(6)Shipments of Propertyxe "Property"—U.S. Flag RequirementsSec. 2.c(6)(a)Shipments by Ocean Vesselxe "Ocean Vessel"Sec. 2.c(6)(b)Shipments by Airxe "Air" Carrierxe "Air Carrier"Sec. 2.c(7)Project Travelxe "Travel"–Use of U.S. Flag Airxe "Air" Carrierxe "Air Carrier"sTHIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER IV, Sec. 2.dTECHNICAL RESTRICTIONSACQUISITION OF PROPERTYxe "Property" AND SERVICESxe "Services"CHECKSec. 2.d(1)Intelligent Transportation Systemxe "Intelligent Transportation System"sSec. 2.d(2)Metricxe "Metric" MeasurementsSec. 2.d(3)Use of $1 CoinsCHAPTER IV, Sec. 2.eROLLING STOCKxe "Rolling Stock"—SPECIAL REQUIREMENTSACQUISITION OF PROPERTYxe "Property" AND SERVICESxe "Services"CHECKSec. 2.e(1)AccessibilitySec. 2.e(2)Transit Vehicle Manufacturerxe "Transit Vehicle Manufacturer" Compliance with DBExe "DBE" RequirementsSec. 2.e(3)Minimum Servicexe "Service" Lifexe "Service Life"Sec. 2.e(4)Spare Ratioxe "Spare Ratio"sSec. 2.e(5)Airxe "Air" Pollutionxe "Pollution" and Fuel Economyxe "Fuel Economy"Sec. 2.e(6)Preaward Reviewxe "Review" and Post Deliveryxe "Delivery" Reviewxe "Review"Sec. 2.e(7)Busxe "Bus" Testingxe "Bus Testing"Sec. 2.e(8)In-Statexe "State"xe "In-State" DealersSec. 2.e(9)Basis for Contract Awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Basis for Contract Award"xe "Award"Sec. 2.e(10)Five-Year Limitationxe "Five-Year Limitation"CHAPTER IV, Sec. 2.fPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONxe "Public Transportation" SERVICESxe "Services" – SPECIAL REQUIREMENTSACQUISITION OF PROPERTYxe "Property" AND SERVICESxe "Services"CHECKSec. 2.f(1)Protections for Public Transportationxe "Public Transportation" EmployeesSec. 2.f(2)Drug Use and Testingxe "Drug Use and Testing" and Alcohol Misuse and Testingxe "Alcohol Misuse and Testing"Sec. 2.f(3)AccessibilitySec. 2.f(4)Protection of AnimalsSec. 2.f(5)Charterxe "Charter" Servicexe "Service" RestrictionsSec. 2.f(6)Schoolxe "School" Busxe "Bus" RestrictionsCHAPTER IV, Sec. 2.gARTxe "Art"—SPECIAL REQUIREMENTSACQUISITION OF PROPERTYxe "Property" AND SERVICESxe "Services"CHECKSec. 2.g(1)Criteriaxe "Criteria" for Artxe "Art" in Federally Assisted Transit ProjectsSec. 2.g(1)(a)Qualityxe "Quality"Sec. 2.g(1)(b)Effectxe "Effect"Sec. 2.g(1)(c)RelationshipSec. 2.g(1)(d)SuitabilitySec. 2.g(1)(e)ResilienceSec. 2.g(1)(f)IndestructibilitySec. 2.g(1)(g)PreservationSec. 2.g(2)Choosing Artxe "Art" Works and Servicesxe "Services" of ArtistsSec. 2.g(2)(a)Processxe "Process"Sec. 2.g(2)(b)Nondiscriminationxe "Nondiscrimination"Sec. 2.g(2)(c)Communityxe "Community" Participationxe "Participation"Sec. 2.g(2)(d)Selectionxe "Selection"Sec. 2.g(3)Compensationxe "Compensation" of ArtistsSec. 2.g(4)Prohibitionxe "Prohibition"THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER IV, Sec. 2.hARCHITECTURALxe "Architectural" ENGINEERINGxe "Architectural Engineering"xe "Engineering" AND RELATED SERVICESxe "Services"—SPECIAL REQUIREMENTSACQUISITION OF PROPERTYxe "Property" AND SERVICESxe "Services"CHECKSec. 2.h(1)Qualifications-Basedxe "Qualifications-Based" RequirementsSec. 2.h(2)Relation to Constructionxe "Construction"Sec. 2.h(2)(a)Purpose of Servicesxe "Services"Sec. 2.h(2)(b)Requirements in the Context of a Constructionxe "Construction" ProjectSec. 2.h2)(b)1End Productsxe "End Products" Used in Constructionxe "Construction" Sec. 2.h(2)(b)2Servicesxe "Services" Related to Designxe "Design" of Constructionxe "Construction" ProjectsSec. 2.h(2)(b)3Actual Constructionxe "Construction"Sec. 2.h(2)(c)Typexe "Type" of Contractor Not DeterminativeSec. 2.h(3)Equivalent Statexe "State" Lawxe "Law"Sec. 2.h(4)Special Requirements for Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" RatesCHAPTER IV, Sec. 2.iCONSTRUCTIONxe "Construction"—SPECIAL REQUIREMENTSACQUISITION OF PROPERTYxe "Property" AND SERVICESxe "Services"CHECKSec. 2.i(1)Bondingxe "Bonding"Sec. 2.i(1)(a)Bidxe "Bid" Guaranteexe "Bid Guarantee"Sec. 2.i(1)(b)Performancexe "Performance" Bondxe "Performance Bond"xe "Bond"Sec. 2.i(1)(c)Paymentxe "Payment" Bondxe "Payment Bond"xe "Bond"Sec. 2.i(1)(c)1Less Than $1 MillionSec. 2.i(1)(c)2More Than $1 Million but Less Than $5 MillionSec. 2.i(1)(c)3More Than $5 MillionSec. 2.i(1)(d)Acceptable Suretiesxe "Sureties"Sec. 2.i(1)(e)Reduced Bondingxe "Bonding"Sec. 2.i(1)(f)Excessive Bondingxe "Bonding"Sec. 2.i(2)Seismicxe "Seismic" Safetyxe "Safety"Sec. 2.i(3)Valuexe "Value" Engineeringxe "Value Engineering"xe "Engineering"Sec. 2.i(4)Equalxe "Equal" Employmentxe "Employment" Opportunityxe "Equal Employment Opportunity"xe "Opportunity"Sec. 2.i(5)Prevailing Wagexe "Wage"xe "Prevailing Wage"sSec. 2.i(6)Anti-Kickbackxe "Anti-Kickback"Sec. 2.i(7)Constructionxe "Construction" Safetyxe "Safety"Sec. 2.i(8)Laborxe "Labor" Neutralityxe "Labor Neutrality"Sec. 2.i(9)Preferencexe "Preference" for U.S. Propertyxe "Property"—Buy Americaxe "Buy America"Sec. 2.i(10)AccessibilityTHIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER IV, Sec. 2.jRESEARCHxe "Research", DEVELOPMENTxe "Development", DEPLOYMENT, AND SPECIAL STUDIESxe "Special Studies"SPECIAL REQUIREMENTSACQUISITION OF PROPERTYxe "Property" AND SERVICESxe "Services"CHECKSec. 2.j(1)Patentxe "Patent" RightsSec. 2.j(2)Rights in Dataxe "Data"Sec. 2.j(2)(a)Publicationxe "Publication" RestrictionsSec. 2.j(2)(b)Distribution of Dataxe "Data"Sec. 2.j(3)Exportxe "Export" ControlSec. 2.j(4)Protection of Human SubjectsSec. 2.j(5)Protection of AnimalsCHAPTER IV, Sec. 2.kAUDITxe "Audit" SERVICESxe "Services"—SPECIAL REQUIREMENTSACQUISITION OF PROPERTYxe "Property" AND SERVICESxe "Services"CHECKSec. 2.k(1)Single Auditxe "Audit" Actxe "Single Audit Act"Sec. 2.k(1)(a)Organizational Conflicts of Interestxe "Organizational Conflicts of Interest"Sec. 2.k(1)(b)Eligibilityxe "Eligibility" of CostsSec. 2.k(2)Other Project AuditsSec. 2.k(2)(a)Organizational Conflicts of Interestxe "Organizational Conflicts of Interest"Sec. 2.k(2)(b)Verification of Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"sSec. 2.k(2)(c)Duplicationxe "Duplication" of Servicesxe "Services"Sec. 2.k(2)(d)Obtaining Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" RatesSec. 2.k(2)(d)1Governmental EntitiesSec. 2.k(2)(d)2Indianxe "Indian" Tribexe "Indian Tribe"sSec. 2.k(2)(d)3Educational Institutionsxe "Educational Institutions"Sec. 2.k(2)(d)4Non-Profitxe "Non-Profit" EntitiesSec. 2.k(2)(d)5Private For-Profitxe "For-Profit" EntitiesSec. 2.k(2)(e)Eligibilityxe "Eligibility" of CostsTHIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER VSOURCESCHECKSec. 1Force Accountxe "Force Account"Sec. 2Shared Usexe "Shared Use"Sec. 3Joint Procurementxe "Joint Procurement"sSec. 3.aUse EncouragedSec. 3.bAll FTAxe "FTA" and Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" ApplySec. 4Statexe "State" or Local Governmentxe "Local Government" Purchasing Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Purchasing Schedule"s or Purchasing Contractxe "Purchasing Contract"sSec. 4.aUse EncouragedSec. 4.bAll FTAxe "FTA" and Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" ApplySec. 5Federal Excess and Surplusxe "Surplus" Propertyxe "Property"Sec. 6Federal Supply Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Federal Supply Schedule"sSec. 6.aFull Use of Federal Supply Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Federal Supply Schedule"sSec. 6.bLimitedxe "Limited" Use of Federal Supply Schedulexe "Schedule"xe "Federal Supply Schedule"sSec. 6.b(1)Informationxe "Information" Technologyxe "Technology"xe "Information Technology"Sec. 6.b(2)Major Disasterxe "Major Disaster" or Emergencyxe "Emergency" RecoverySec. 6.b(3)Local Preparedness AcquisitionSec. 6.cAll FTAxe "FTA" and Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" ApplySec. 6.dCompetitionxe "Competition" and Pricexe "Price" ReasonablenessSec. 7Existing Contractxe "Existing Contract"sSec. 7.aPermissible ActionsSec. 7.a(1)Exercise of OptionsSec. 7.a(1)(a)Consistency with the Underlying ContractSec. 7.a(1)(b)Pricexe "Price"Sec. 7.a(1)(c)Awards Treated as Sole Sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" ProcurementsSec. 7.a(1)(c)1Failurexe "Failure" to Evaluatexe "Evaluate" Options Before Awarding the Underlying ContractSec. 7.a(1)(c)2Negotiating a Lower Optionxe "Option" Pricexe "Price"Sec. 7.a(2)Assignmentxe "Assignment" of Contract Rightsxe "Contract Rights"Sec. 7.a(2)(a)Acquisition Through Assigned Contract Rightsxe "Contract Rights"Sec. 7.a(2)(b)Alternatives to Assigned Contract Rightsxe "Contract Rights"Sec. 7.a(2)(b)1Joint Procurementxe "Joint Procurement"sSec. 7.a(2)(b)2Intergovernmental ProcurementsSec. 7.bImpermissible ActionsSec. 7.b(1)Improper Contract Expansionxe "Contract Expansion"Sec. 7.b(2)Cardinal Changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change"sSec. 7.b(2)(a)Identifying Cardinal Changexe "Change"xe "Cardinal Change"sSec. 7.b(2)(b)Changes in Quantityxe "Quantity"Sec. 7.b(2)(c)TestsSec. 7.b(2)(d)Rolling Stockxe "Rolling Stock"Sec. 7.b(2)(e)Federal Procurement Standardxe "Standard"xe "Federal Procurement Standard"sSec. 8The Open Marketxe "Open Market"THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER VIOPEN MARKETxe "Open Market" PROCUREMENTS - COMPETITIONxe "Competition"CHECKSec. 1Competitionxe "Competition" RequiredSec. 1.aSolicitationxe "Solicitation" by the Recipientxe "Recipient"Sec. 1.bUnsolicited Proposalxe "Unsolicited Proposal"sSec. 1.b(1)Receipt Sec. 1.b(2)Adequatexe "Adequate" Descriptionxe "Description" Sec. 1.b(3)Interest in the Propertyxe "Property" or Servicesxe "Services"Sec. 1.b(3)Adequatexe "Adequate" Opportunityxe "Opportunity" to CompeteSec. 1.b(4)Contract Awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award" Based on Proposals ReceivedSec. 1.cPrequalificationxe "Prequalification"Sec. 1.c(1)ListsSec. 1.c(2)SourcesSec. 1.c(3)Qualification PeriodsSec. 2Solicitationxe "Solicitation" Requirements and RestrictionsSec. 2.aDescriptionxe "Description" of the Propertyxe "Property" or Servicesxe "Services"Sec. 2.a(1)What to IncludeSec. 2.a(2)Quantities Limitedxe "Limited" to the Recipientxe "Recipient"’s Actual Needsxe "Needs"Sec. 2.a(3)Brand Namexe "Brand Name" or Equalxe "Equal"Sec. 2.a(4)ProhibitionsSec. 2.a(4)(a)Excessive QualificationsSec. 2.a(4)(b)Unnecessary Experiencexe "Experience"Sec. 2.a(4)(c)Improper Prequalificationxe "Prequalification"Sec. 2.a(4)(d)Retainerxe "Retainer" ContractsSec. 2.a(4)(e)Excessive Bondingxe "Bonding"Sec. 2.a(4)(f)Brand Namexe "Brand Name" OnlySec. 2.a(4)(g)In-Statexe "State"xe "In-State" or Local Geographicxe "Geographic" RestrictionsSec. 2.a(4)(g)1Architecturalxe "Architectural" Engineeringxe "Architectural Engineering"xe "Engineering" Servicesxe "Services"Sec. 2.a(4)(g)2Licensingxe "Licensing"Sec. 2.a(4)(g)3Major Disaster or Emergencyxe "Emergency" ReliefSec. 2.a(4)(h)Organizational Conflicts of Interestxe "Organizational Conflicts of Interest"Sec. 2.a(4)(h)1OccurrenceSec. 2.a(4)(h)1.aLack of Impartialityxe "Impartiality" or Impaired Objectivityxe "Objectivity"Sec. 2.a (4)(h)1.bUnequalxe "Unequal" Accessxe "Access" to Informationxe "Information"Sec. 2.a(4)(h)1.cBiasedxe "Biased" Ground RulesSec. 2.a(4)(h)2Remediesxe "Remedies"Sec. 2.a(4)(i)Restraint of Tradexe "Restraint of Trade"Sec. 2.a(4)(j)Arbitraryxe "Arbitrary" ActionSec. 2.bEvaluationxe "Evaluation" FactorsSec. ontract Typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type" SpecifiedSec. 2.c(1)Typical Contract Typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type"sSec. 2.c(1)(a)Firm Fixed Pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price"xe "Firm Fixed Price"Sec. 2.c(1)(b)Costxe "Cost" Reimbursementxe "Cost Reimbursement"Sec. 2.c(2)Prohibitedxe "Prohibited" or Restricted Contract Typexe "Type"xe "Contract Type"sSec. 2.c(2)(a)Costxe "Cost" Plus a Percentagexe "Percentage" of Costxe "Cost Plus a Percentage of Cost"xe "Cost"—Prohibitedxe "Prohibited"Sec. 2.c(2)(b)Percentagexe "Percentage" of Constructionxe "Construction" Costxe "Percentage of Construction Cost"xe "Cost"—Prohibitedxe "Prohibited"Sec. 2.c(2)(c)Timexe "Time" and Materialsxe "Time and Materials"—Restricted Sec. 2.c(2)(c)1When to UseSec. 2.c(2)(c)2Firm Ceilingxe "Ceiling" Pricexe "Price"Sec. 2.dOther Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" Affecting the Propertyxe "Property" or Servicesxe "Services" to be AcquiredSec. 2.eOther Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements" Affecting the Bidderxe "Bidder" or Offerorxe "Offeror" and ContractorSec. 2.fAwardxe "Award" to Other Than the Low Bidderxe "Bidder" or Offerorxe "Offeror"Sec. 2.gRejectionxe "Rejection" of All Bids or OffersTHIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER VI, Sec. 3OPEN MARKETxe "Open Market" PROCUREMENTS – METHODS OF COMPETITIVE PROCUREMENTCHECKSec. 3.aMicro-Purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"sSec. 3.a(1)When AppropriateSec. 3.a(2)ProceduresSec. 3.a(2)(a)Competitionxe "Competition"Sec. 3.a(2)(b)Prohibitedxe "Prohibited" DivisionsSec. 3.a(2)(c)Documentationxe "Documentation"Sec. 3.bSmall Purchasexe "Small Purchase"sSec. 3.b(1)When AppropriateSec. 3.b(2)ProceduresSec. 3.b(2)(a)Competitionxe "Competition"Sec. 3.b(2)(b)Prohibitedxe "Prohibited" DivisionsSec. 3.cSealed Bidsxe "Sealed Bids" (Formal Advertisingxe "Formal Advertising")Sec. 3.c(1)When AppropriateSec. 3.c(1)(a)Precise SpecificationsSec. 3.c(1)(b)Adequatexe "Adequate" SourcesSec. 3.c(1)(c)Fixed Pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price" ContractSec. 3.c(1)(d)Pricexe "Price" DeterminativeSec. 3.c(1)(e)Discussions UnnecessarySec. 3.c(2)Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures"Sec. 3.c(2)(a)Publicityxe "Publicity"Sec. 3.c(2)(b)Adequatexe "Adequate" SourcesSec. 3.c(2)(c)Adequatexe "Adequate" SpecificationsSec. 3.c(2)(d)Sufficient Timexe "Time"Sec. 3.c(2)(e)Public Openingxe "Public Opening"Sec. 3.c(2)(f)Fixed Pricexe "Price"xe "Fixed Price" ContractSec. 3.c(2)(g)Rejectionxe "Rejection" of BidsSec. 3.dCompetitive Proposalxe "Proposal"xe "Competitive Proposal"s (Request for Proposalsxe "Request for Proposals")Sec. 3.d(1)When AppropriateSec. 3.d(1)(a)Typexe "Type" of SpecificationsSec. 3.d(1)(b)Uncertain Number of SourcesSec. 3.d(1)(c)Pricexe "Price" Alone Not DeterminativeSec. 3.d(1)(d)Discussions ExpectedSec. 3.d(2)Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures"Sec. 3.d(2)(a)Publicityxe "Publicity"Sec. 3.d(2)(b)Evaluationxe "Evaluation" FactorsSec. 3.d(2)(c)Adequatexe "Adequate" SourcesSec. 3.d(2)(d)Evaluationxe "Evaluation" Methodxe "Method"Sec. 3.d(2)(e)Pricexe "Price" and Other FactorsSec. 3.d(2)(f)Best Valuexe "Value"xe "Best Value"THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER VIOPEN MARKETxe "Open Market" PROCUREMENTS - METHODS OF COMPETITIVE PROCUREMENT CHECKSec. 3.eTwo-Step Procurement Procedurexe "Two-Step Procurement Procedure"sxe "Procurement Procedures"Sec. 3.e(1)Reviewxe "Review" of Technical Qualificationxe "Technical Qualification"s and ApproachSec. 3.e(2)Reviewxe "Review" of Bids and Proposals Submitted by Qualifiedxe "Qualified" Prospective ContractorsSec. 3.fArchitecturalxe "Architectural" Engineeringxe "Architectural Engineering"xe "Engineering" Servicesxe "Services" (A&Exe "A&E") and Other Servicesxe "Services"Sec. 3.f(1)Qualification-Based Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" RequiredSec. 3.f(2)Qualifications-Basedxe "Qualifications-Based" Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures" Prohibitedxe "Prohibited"Sec. 3.f(3)Qualifications-Basedxe "Qualifications-Based" Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures"Sec. 3.f(3)(a)QualificationsSec. 3.f(3)(b)Pricexe "Price"Sec. 3.f(3)(c)Most Qualifiedxe "Qualified"Sec. 3.f(3)(d)Next Most Qualifiedxe "Qualified"Sec. 3.f(3)(e)Effectxe "Effect" of Statexe "State" LawsSec. 3.f(5)Audits and Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"sSec. 3.f(5)(a)Performancexe "Performance" of AuditsSec. 3.f(5)(b)Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" RatesSec. 3.f(5)(c)Application of RatesSec. 3.f(5)(d)Prenotificationxe "Prenotification": Confidentialityxe "Confidentiality" of Dataxe "Data"Sec. 3.gDesignxe "Design"-Bidxe "Bid"-Buildxe "Design-Bid-Build"Sec. 3.g(1)Designxe "Design" Servicesxe "Services"Sec. 3.g(2)Constructionxe "Construction"Sec. 3.hDesignxe "Design"-Buildxe "Design-Build"Sec. 3.h(1)Procurement Methodxe "Method"Sec. 3.h(1)(a)Constructionxe "Construction" PredominantSec. 3.h(1)(b)Designxe "Design" Servicesxe "Services" PredominantSec. 3.h(2)Selectionxe "Selection" ProcessesSec. 3.h(2)(a)One-Step Methodxe "Method"Sec. 3.h(2)(b)Two-Step Methodxe "Method"Sec. 3.h(2)(b)1Reviewxe "Review" of Technical Qualificationxe "Technical Qualification"s and ApproachSec. 3.h(2)(b)2Reviewxe "Review" of Complete ProposalsTHIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER VI, Sec. 3.hOPEN MARKETxe "Open Market" PROCUREMENTS - METHODS OF PROCUREMENTOTHER THAN FULL AND OPEN COMPETITIONxe "Other Than Full and Open Competition"xe "Full and Open Competition"xe "Competition"CHECKSec. 3.i(1)When AppropriateSec. 3.i(1)(a)Competitionxe "Competition" AdequacySec. 3.i(1)(b)Sole Sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source"Sec. 3.i(1)(b)1Uniquexe "Unique" Capabilityxe "Capability" and Availabilityxe "Availability"Sec. 3.i(1)(b)1.aUniquexe "Unique" or Innovativexe "Innovative" Conceptxe "Concept"Sec. 3.i(1)(b)1.bPatents or Restricted Dataxe "Data" RightsSec. 3.i(1)(b)1.cSubstantial Duplicationxe "Duplication" CostsSec. 3.i(1)(b)1.dUnacceptable Delayxe "Delay"Sec. 3.i(1)(b)2Single Bidxe "Single Bid"xe "Bid" or Single Proposalxe "Single Proposal"xe "Proposal"Sec. 3.i(1)(b)2.aAdequatexe "Adequate" Competitionxe "Competition"Sec. 3.i(1)(b)2.bInadequatexe "Inadequate" Competitionxe "Competition"Sec. 3.i(1)(c)Unusual and Compelling Urgencyxe "Urgency"Sec. 3.i(1)(d)Associated Capital Maintenance Itemxe "Associated Capital Maintenance Item" Exceptionxe "Exception" RepealedSec. 3.i(1)(e)Authorized by FTAxe "FTA"Sec. 3.i(1)(e)1Consortiumxe "Consortium", Joint Venturexe "Joint Venture", Teamxe "Team", Partnershipxe "Partnership"Sec. 3.i(1)(e)2FARxe "FAR" StandardsSec. 3.i(1)(e)2.aStatutory Authorizationxe "Authorization" or Requirementxe "Requirement"Sec. 3.i (1)(e)2.bNational Emergencyxe "National Emergency"xe "Emergency"Sec. 3.i(1)(e)2.cResearchxe "Research"Sec. 3.i(1)(e)2.dProtests, Disputesxe "Disputes", Claims, Litigationxe "Litigation"Sec. 3.i(1)(e)2.eInternationalxe "International" AgreementsSec. 3.i(1)(e)2.fNational Securityxe "Security"xe "National Security"Sec. 3.i(1)(e)2.gPublic Interestxe "Public Interest"Sec. 3.i(2)When Prohibitedxe "Prohibited"Sec. 3.i(2)(a)Failurexe "Failure" to Planxe "Plan"Sec. 3.i(2)(b)Limitedxe "Limited" Availabilityxe "Availability" of Federal AssistanceSec. 3.i(3)Procurement Proceduresxe "Procurement Procedures"Sec. 3.i(3)(a)Potential SourcesSec. 3.i(3)(b)Sole Sourcexe "Source"xe "Sole Source" Justificationxe "Justification"Sec. 3.i(3)(c)Costxe "Cost" Analysisxe "Cost Analysis"Sec. 3.i(3)(d)Preaward Reviewxe "Review" THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract"ING CHECKLISTSCHAPTER VIOPEN MARKETxe "Open Market" PROCUREMENTS - EVALUATIONS CHECKSec. 4Eligiblexe "Eligible" CostsSec. 5Incentivexe "Incentive" Costs and PaymentsSec. 6Costxe "Cost" or Pricexe "Price" Analysisxe "Price Analysis"Sec. 6.aCostxe "Cost" Analysisxe "Cost Analysis"Sec. 6.a(1)Federal Costxe "Cost" PrinciplesSec. 6.a(2)Establishing Indirect Costxe "Indirect Cost"xe "Cost" RatesSec. 6.a(2)(a)Contracts of $5 Million or LessSec. 6.a(2)(b)Contracts Exceeding $5 MillionSec. 6.a(3)ProfitSec. 6.bPricexe "Price" Analysisxe "Price Analysis"Sec. 6.cGuidancexe "Guidance" on Costxe "Cost" and Pricexe "Price" Analysisxe "Price Analysis"Sec. 7EvaluationsSec. 7.aGeneralSec. 7.bOptionsSec. 7.b(1)Evaluationxe "Evaluation" RequiredSec. 7.b(2)Evaluationxe "Evaluation" Not RequiredSec.7.cEvaluatorsCHAPTER VIOPEN MARKETxe "Open Market" PROCUREMENTSCONTRACT AWARDxe "Contract Award"S - REJECTIONS OF BIDS AND PROPOSALS CHECKSec. 8Contract Awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award"Sec. 8.aAwardxe "Award" to Other Than the Lowest Bidderxe "Bidder" or Offerorxe "Offeror"Sec. 8.bAwardxe "Award" to Only a Responsiblexe "Responsible" Bidderxe "Bidder" or Offerorxe "Offeror"Sec. 8.b(1)Integrityxe "Integrity" and Ethicsxe "Ethics"Sec. 8.b(2)Debarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension"Sec. 8.b(3)Affirmative Actionxe "Affirmative Action" and DBExe "DBE"Sec. 8.b(4)Public Policyxe "Public Policy"Sec. 8.b(5)Administrativexe "Administrative" and Technical Capacityxe "Technical Capacity"xe "Capacity"Sec. 8.b(6)Licensingxe "Licensing" and Taxesxe "Taxes"Sec. 8.b(7)Financialxe "Financial" Resourcesxe "Resources"Sec. 8.b(8)Productionxe "Production" Capabilityxe "Capability"Sec. 8.b(9)Timelinessxe "Timeliness"Sec. 8.b(10)Performancexe "Performance" Recordxe "Record"Sec. 8.b(10)(a)Current Performancexe "Performance"Sec. 8.b(10)(b)Past Performancexe "Performance"xe "Past Performance"Sec. 8.b(10)(b)1Sufficient Resourcesxe "Resources"Sec. 8.b(10)(b)2Adequatexe "Adequate" Past Experiencexe "Experience"Sec. 8.b(10)(b)3Any Past Deficienciesxe "Deficiencies" Not the Fault of the Bidderxe "Bidder" or Offerorxe "Offeror"Sec. 8.cRejectionxe "Rejection" of Bids and ProposalsSec. 8.c(1)Governmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sSec. 8.c(2)Non-Governmental Recipientxe "Recipient"xe "Non-Governmental Recipient"xe "Governmental Recipient"sSec. 8.dExtent and Limits of Contract Awardxe "Contract Award"xe "Award"APPENDIX DPROVISIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, REPORTS, FORMSxe "Forms", AND OTHER?--?MATRICESxe "Matrices"A. THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract" PROVISIONS(excluding micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s, except Davis-Bacon requirements apply to contracts exceeding $2,000)PROVISIONxe "Provision"COMMENTSMASTER AGREEMENTxe "Master Agreement"REFERENCExe "Reference" (based on FA MA(17) 10-1-2010)All FTAxe "FTA" Assisted Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract"s and SubcontractsNo Federal Government Obligations to Third Parties (Use of Disclaimer)§ 2.fFalse or Fraudulent Statements or Claims – Civil and Criminal Fraudxe "Fraud"xe "Criminal Fraud"§ 3.fAccessxe "Access" to Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract" Records§ 15.tChanges to Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements"§ 2.c(1)Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" (Title VIxe "Title VI", ADA, EEO (except special DOL construction clause) xe "EEO")§ 12Disadvantaged Business Enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise"s (DBEs)Contract awardxe "Contract Award"ed on the basis of a bidxe "Bid"/proposalxe "Proposal" offering to use DBEs.§ 12.dIncorporation of FTAxe "FTA" TermsPer FTAxe "FTA" C 4220.1F.§ 15.aAwards Exceeding $10,000TerminationsIf 49 CFR Part 18 applies.§ 11 and § 15.a, which incorporate 49?CFR?Part 18Special EEO provision for construction contractsIf 49 CFR Part 18 or Part 19 indicate that the DOL EEOC regulations at 41?C.F.R. Chapter 60 apply.§ 15.a, which incorporates 49?CFR?Part 18 and Part 19Awards Exceeding $25,000Debarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension"§ 3.bAwards Exceeding the Simplified Acquisition Threshold ($100,000) (As of February 2011, OMB has not to date adopted the FAR clause 2.101 $150,000 standard for grants.)Buy Americaxe "Buy America"When tangible propertyxe "Property" or constructionxe "Construction" will be acquired.§ 14.aResolution of Disputesxe "Disputes", Breaches, or Other Litigationxe "Litigation"§ 56Awards Exceeding $100,000 by StatuteLobbyingxe "Lobbying"OMB Office of Federal Financial Management has not adopted the FAR clause 2.101 $150,000 simplified acquisition threshold standard.§ 3.dClean Airxe "Air"§ 25.bClean Waterxe "Water"§ 25.cPROVISIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, REPORTS, FORMSxe "Forms", AND OTHER?—?MATRICESxe "Matrices"A. THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract" PROVISIONS (Continued)(excluding micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s, except Davis-Bacon requirements apply to contracts exceeding $2,000)PROVISIONxe "Provision"COMMENTSMASTER AGREEMENTxe "Master Agreement"REFERENCExe "Reference" (based on FA MA(17) 10-1-2010)Transport of Propertyxe "Property" or PersonsCargo Preferencexe "Preference"xe "Cargo Preference"When acquiring propertyxe "Property" suitable for shipment by ocean vesselxe "Ocean Vessel".§ 14.bFly Americaxe "Fly America"When propertyxe "Property" or persons are transported by airxe "Air" between U.S. and foreignxe "Foreign" destinations, or between foreignxe "Foreign" locations.§ onstructionxe "Construction" Activitiesxe "Activities"Constructionxe "Construction" Employeexe "Employee" Protections– Davis-Bacon Actxe "Davis-Bacon Act"For contracts exceeding $2,000. § 24.a(1)Constructionxe "Construction" Employeexe "Employee" Protections – Contract Work Hours & Safetyxe "Safety" Standards ActFor contracts exceeding $100,000.OMB Office of Federal Financial Management has not adopted the FAR clause 2.101 $150,000 simplified acquisition threshold standard.§ 24.a(2)Constructionxe "Construction" Employeexe "Employee" Protections– Sec. 1 Copeland Anti-Kickbackxe "Anti-Kickback" Actxe "Copeland Anti-Kickback Act"– Sec. 2 Copeland Anti-Kickbackxe "Anti-Kickback" Actxe "Copeland Anti-Kickback Act"All contractsAll constructionxe "Construction" contracts exceeding $2,000.§ 24.a(3)Bondingxe "Bonding" for Constructionxe "Construction" Activitiesxe "Activities" Exceeding $100,0005% bidxe "Bid" guaranteexe "Bid Guarantee" bondxe "Bond".100% performancexe "Performance" bondxe "Performance Bond"xe "Bond".Paymentxe "Payment" bondxe "Payment Bond"xe "Bond" equalxe "Equal" to:– 50% for contracts < $1M.– 40% for contracts >$1M – < $5M.– $2.5M for contracts > $5M.§ 15.o(1)Seismicxe "Seismic" Safetyxe "Safety"Constructionxe "Construction" contracts for new buildings or for existing buildings.§ 23.eNonconstruction Activitiesxe "Activities"Nonconstruction Employeexe "Employee" Protection – Contract Work Hours & Safetyxe "Safety" Standards ActFor all turnkey, rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock", and operational contracts (except transportation servicesxe "Services" contracts and open market contracts) exceeding $100,000.OMB Office of Federal Financial Management has not adopted the FAR clause 2.101 $150,000 simplified acquisition threshold standard.§ 24.bTransit OperationsTransit Employeexe "Employee" Protective Arrangementsxe "Transit Employee Protective Arrangements"§ 24.dCharterxe "Charter" Busxe "Bus" Operations§ 28Schoolxe "School" Busxe "Bus" Operations§ 29Drug Use and Testingxe "Drug Use and Testing"Safetyxe "Safety" sensitive functions.§ 32.bAlcohol Misuse and Testingxe "Alcohol Misuse and Testing"Safetyxe "Safety" sensitive functions.§ 32.bPROVISIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, REPORTS, FORMSxe "Forms", AND OTHER—MATRICESxe "Matrices"A. THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract" PROVISIONS (Continued)(excluding micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s, except Davis-Bacon requirements apply to contracts exceeding $2,000)PROVISIONxe "Provision"COMMENTSMASTER AGREEMENTxe "Master Agreement"REFERENCExe "Reference"(based on FA MA(17) 10-1-2010) Planningxe "Planning", Researchxe "Research", Developmentxe "Development", and Demonstrationxe "Demonstration" ProjectsPatentxe "Patent" Rights§ 17Rights in Dataxe "Data" and Copyrights§ 18Special Notificationxe "Notification" Requirements for StatesSpecial Notificationxe "Notification" Requirementxe "Requirement" for States.§ 38Miscellaneous Special RequirementsEnergyxe "Energy" Conservation§ 26Recycledxe "Recycled" ProductsContracts when procuring $10,000 or more per year of items designated by EPAxe "EPA".§ 15.kConformance with National ITSxe "ITS" Architecturexe "Architecture"Contracts and solicitations for ITSxe "ITS" projects.§ 15.mADA Accessxe "ADA Access"xe "Access"Contracts for rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" or facilities constructionxe "Construction"/renovation.§ 12.gAssignability ClauseProcurements through assignments.§ 15.a, which incorporates 49?CFR?Part18 and 49?CFR?Part 19PROVISIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, REPORTS, FORMSxe "Forms", AND OTHER—MATRICESxe "Matrices"B. APPLICABILITYxe "Applicability" OF THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract" PROVISIONS(excluding micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s, except Davis-Bacon requirements apply to contracts exceeding $2,000)TYPExe "Type" OF PROCUREMENTPROVISIONxe "Provision"Professional Servicesxe "Services"/A&Exe "A&E" Operations/ Management Rolling Stockxe "Rolling Stock" Purchasexe "Purchase" Constructionxe "Construction" Materials & Supplies No Federal Government Obligations to Third Parties (by Use of a Disclaimer)AllAllAllAllAllFalse Statementxe "False Statement"s or Claims Civil and Criminal Fraudxe "Fraud"xe "Criminal Fraud"AllAllAllAllAllAccessxe "Access" to Third Party Contractxe "Third Party Contract" RecordsAllAllAllAllAllChanges to Federal Requirementsxe "Federal Requirements"AllAllAllAllAllTerminationxe "Termination">$10,000 if 49?CFR Part 18 applies.>$10,000 if 49?CFR Part 18 applies.>$10,000 if 49?CFR Part 18 applies.>$10,000 if 49?CFR Part 18 applies.>$10,000 if 49?CFR Part 18 applies.Civil Rightsxe "Civil Rights" (Title VIxe "Title VI", ADA, EEO except Special DOL EEO clause for construction projectsxe "EEO")AllAllAll>$10,000AllAllSpecial DOL EEO clause for construction projects>$10,000Disadvantaged Business Enterprisexe "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise"s (DBEs)AllAllAllAllAllIncorporation of FTAxe "FTA" TermsAllAllAllAllAllDebarmentxe "Debarment" and Suspensionxe "Suspension">$25,000>$25,000>$25,000>$25,000>$25,000Buy Americaxe "Buy America">$100,000As of Feb. 2011, FTA has not adopted the FAR 2.101 $150,000 standard.>$100,000 As of Feb. 2011, FTA has not adopted the FAR 2.101 $150,000 standard.>$100,000 As of Feb. 2011, FTA has not adopted the FAR 2.101 $150,000 standard.Resolution of Disputesxe "Disputes", Breaches, or Other Litigationxe "Litigation">$100,000>$100,000>$100,000>$100,000>$100,000Lobbyingxe "Lobbying">$100,000>$100,000>$100,000>$100,000>$100,000Clean Airxe "Air">$100,000>$100,000>$100,000>$100,000>$100,000Clean Waterxe "Water">$100,000>$100,000>$100,000>$100,000>$100,000Cargo Preferencexe "Preference"xe "Cargo Preference"Transport by oceanxe "Ocean Vessel" vessel.Transport by oceanxe "Ocean Vessel" vessel.Transport by oceanxe "Ocean Vessel" vessel.Fly Americaxe "Fly America"Foreignxe "Foreign" airxe "Air" transp. /travelxe "Travel".Foreignxe "Foreign" airxe "Air" transp. /travelxe "Travel".Foreignxe "Foreign" airxe "Air" transp. /travelxe "Travel".Foreignxe "Foreign" airxe "Air" transp. /travelxe "Travel". Foreignxe "Foreign" airxe "Air" transp. /travelxe "Travel".PROVISIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, REPORTS, FORMSxe "Forms", AND OTHER—MATRICESxe "Matrices"B. APPLICABILITYxe "Applicability" OF THIRD PARTY CONTRACTxe "Third Party Contract" PROVISIONS (Continued)(excluding micro-purchasexe "Purchase"xe "Micro-Purchase"s, except Davis-Bacon requirements apply to constructionxe "Construction" contracts exceeding $2,000)TYPExe "Type" OF PROCUREMENTPROVISIONxe "Provision"Professional Servicesxe "Services"/A&Exe "A&E" Operations/ Management Rolling Stockxe "Rolling Stock" Purchasexe "Purchase" Constructionxe "Construction" Materials & Supplies Davis-Bacon Actxe "Davis-Bacon Act">$2,000 (also ferries).Contract Work Hours and Safetyxe "Safety" Standards Actxe "Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act">$100,000 (transportation servicesxe "Services" excepted).>$100,000>$100,000 (also ferries).Copeland Anti-Kickbackxe "Anti-Kickback" Actxe "Copeland Anti-Kickback Act"Section 1Section 2All> $2,000 (also ferries).Bondingxe "Bonding"$100,000Seismicxe "Seismic" Safetyxe "Safety"A&Exe "A&E" for new buildings & additions.New buildings & additions.Transit Employeexe "Employee" Protective Arrangementsxe "Transit Employee Protective Arrangements"Transit operations.Charterxe "Charter" Servicexe "Service" OperationsAllSchoolxe "School" Busxe "Bus" OperationsAllDrug Use and Testingxe "Drug Use and Testing"Transit operations.Alcohol Misuse and Testingxe "Alcohol Misuse and Testing"Transit operations.Patentxe "Patent" RightsRxe "Research" & Dxe "Development"Rights in Dataxe "Data" and Copyrightxe "Copyright"sRxe "Research" & Dxe "Development"Energyxe "Energy" ConservationAllAllAllAllAllRecycledxe "Recycled" ProductsEPAxe "EPA"-selected items $10,000 or more annually.EPAxe "EPA"-selected items $10,000 or more annually.EPAxe "EPA"-selected items $10,000 or more annually.Conformance with ITSxe "ITS" National Architecturexe "Architecture"ITSxe "ITS" projects.ITSxe "ITS" projects.ITSxe "ITS" projects.ITSxe "ITS" projects.ITSxe "ITS" projects.ADA Accessxe "ADA Access"xe "Access"A&Exe "A&E"AllAllAllAllNotificationxe "Notification" of Federal Participationxe "Participation" for StatesLimitedxe "Limited" to States.Limitedxe "Limited" to States.Limitedxe "Limited" to States.Limitedxe "Limited" to States.Limitedxe "Limited" to States.PROVISIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, REPORTS, FORMSxe "Forms", AND OTHER—MATRICESxe "Matrices"C. CERTIFICATIONS, REPORTS, AND FORMSxe "Forms"CERTIFICATIONS, REPORTS, AND FORMSxe "Forms"COMMENTSREGULATORY REFERENCExe "Reference" Busxe "Bus" Testingxe "Bus Testing" Certificationxe "Certification"All procurements of new model transit buses and vans and existing models being modified with a major changeover changes.49 CFR Part 665TVMxe "TVM" CertificationsAll rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" procurements.49 CFR Part 26Buy Americaxe "Buy America" Certificationxe "Certification"Procurements of steel, iron or manufactured products exceeding $100,000.49 CFR Part 661Preaward Reviewxe "Review"FTA Annual Certification for any rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" procurement.49 CFR Part 663Preaward Buy Americaxe "Buy America" Certificationxe "Certification"Rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" procurements exceeding procurements exceeding $100,000.49 CFR Part 663Preaward Purchaser’s Requirementxe "Requirement"All rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" procurements.49 CFR Part 663Post Deliveryxe "Delivery" Reviewxe "Review"FTA Annual Certification for any rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" procurement.49 CFR Part 663Post Deliveryxe "Delivery" Buy Americaxe "Buy America" Certificationxe "Certification"Rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" procurements exceeding procurements exceeding $100,000.49 CFR Part 663Post Deliveryxe "Delivery" Purchaser’s Requirementxe "Requirement"All rolling stockxe "Rolling Stock" procurements to the extent required by Federal law and regulations.49 CFR Part 663On-Site Inspector’s Reportxe "Report"xe "On-Site Inspector’s Report"Rolling Stockxe "Rolling Stock" except for procurements of:-10 or fewer vehicles;- 20 or fewer vehicles serving rural (other than urbanized) areas or urbanized areas or 200,000 people or fewer;- any amount of primary manufactured standard production and unmodified vans that after visual inspection and road testing meet the contract specifications.49 CFR Part 663Federal Motor Vehicle Safetyxe "Safety" Standards Preaward Reviewxe "Review" and Post Deliveryxe "Delivery"Motor vehicle procurements (49?CFR 571).49 CFR Part 663Lobbyingxe "Lobbying"Procurements exceeding $100,000.49 CFR Part 20OMB Office of Federal Financial Management has not adopted FAR 2.101 $150,000 simplified acquisition threshold standard.Standardxe "Standard" Form LLL and Quarterly Updates (when required)Procurements exceeding $100,000 where contractor engages in lobbyingxe "Lobbying" activitiesxe "Activities".49 CFR Part 20OMB Office of Federal Financial Management has not adopted FAR 2.101 $150,000 simplified acquisition threshold standard.PROVISIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, REPORTS, FORMSxe "Forms", AND OTHER—MATRICESxe "Matrices"D. OTHER MATTERSOTHER MATTERSCOMMENTSSTATUTORY OR REGULATORYREFERENCES Contract Administration Systemxe "System"xe "Contract Administration System"49 CFR § 18.36(b)(2)49 CFR § 19.47Recordxe "Record" of Procurement Historyxe "History"49 CFR § 18.36(b)(9)49 CFR § 19.47Protestxe "Protest" Procedures49 CFR § 18.36(b)(12)Selectionxe "Selection" Procedures49 CFR § 18.36(c)(3)Costxe "Cost"/Pricexe "Price" Analysisxe "Price Analysis"49 CFR § 18.36(f)49 CFR § 19.45Justificationxe "Justification" for Noncompetitive AwardsIf Applicable.49 CFR § 18.36(b)(9) by implication49 CFR § 19.46(b)No Excessive Bondingxe "Bonding" Requirements49 CFR § 18.36(h)49 CFR § 19.48(c)(5)No Exclusionary Specifications49 U.S.C. § 5325(h)No Geographicxe "Geographic" PreferencesExcept for A&Exe "A&E" Servicesxe "Services"49 CFR § 18.36(c)(2)INDEX INDEX \c "2" \z "1033" A&E, II–2, II–10, IV–24, IV–25, IV–26, IV–33, VI–4, VI–12, VI–15, VI–21, VII–12, VII–4, VII–5, VII–7, See also, Architectural EngineeringAccess, I–9, I–14, II–7, III–5, IV–15, V–2, V–3, VI–5, VII–3, VII–9, A–7, VII–2, VII–10, VII–1, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5Accessible, I–2, III–4, IV–16, VI–14, A–1, A–4Activities, I–1, II–6, II–8, IV–5, IV–6, IV–14, IV–15, IV–22, IV–30, VI–5, VI–15, A–4, A–6, VII–2, VII–6, See also, ActivityActivity, I–9, II–7, IV–14, VII–2, VII–6, VII–8, See also, ActivitiesADA Access, VII–3, VII–5Adequate, III–1, III–3, III–4, III–6, IV–1, IV–11, IV–12, IV–16, IV–26, V–1, V–6, VI–1, VI–8, VI–9, VI–11, VI–16, VI–17, VI–21, VI–24, VII–1, VII–6, VII–7, VII–2, VII–4, VII–10, VII–11, VII–13, VII–15Administrative, I–2, I–4, I–12, II–10, III–7, IV–2, IV–9, IV–13, IV–26, IV–32, IV–33, V–3, VI–14, VI–23, VII–1, VII–3, A–2, A–4, VII–4, VII–15Administrative Remedies, VII–3Administrator, I–2, I–1, II–11, IV–27, VII–2, VII–3Advance Payment, IV–10, IV–11, VII–4Affirmative Action, VI–23, VII–15Age, IV–5, IV–6, IV–14, IV–23, A–1, A–3, A–6, VII–3Age Discrimination Act, IV–6, A–3Age Discrimination in Employment Act, IV–6, A–1, A–6Air, IV–3, IV–17, IV–19, IV–20, A–3, A–4, A–6, VII–5, VII–6, VII–1, VII–2, VII–4Air Carrier, IV–19, A–6, VII–5Alcohol Misuse and Testing, IV–22, VII–6, VII–2, VII–5Alteration, IV–24, IV–25, IV–28, IV–29, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14Amended, I–1, I–2, II–5, II–6, III–7, III–8, IV–5, IV–6, IV–14, IV–15, IV–16, IV–17, IV–18, IV–19, IV–25, IV–26, IV–28, IV–29, IV–32, V–3, VI–23, A–1, A–2, A–3, A–4, A–7, VII–5, See also, AmendmentAmendment, IV–5, VI–20, A–2, See also, AmendedAmericans with Disabilities Act, IV–6, IV–15, IV–30, A–3, VII–5Animal, IV–22, IV–32, A–1, A–6Animal Welfare Act, IV–22, IV–32, A–1Anti-Kickback, IV–28, IV–29, A–1, A–2, VII–7, VII–2, VII–5Appeal, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–6, VII–7Applicability, II–1, II–2, VII–1, VII–4, VII–5Approval, I–3, IV–11, IV–27, VI–2, VI–18, VII–5Arbitrary, VI–5, VII–10Arbitration, VII–1, VII–8, VII–9Arbitration Award, VII–8, VII–9Architectural, II–2, IV–15, IV–24, VI–4, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–15, A–2, A–4, VII–7, VII–10, VII–12Architectural Engineering, II–2, IV–24, VI–4, VI–12, VI–14, VI–15, A–2, VII–7, VII–10, VII–12, See also, A&EArchitecture, IV–19, A–8, VII–3, VII–5Arrangement, I–9, II–8, V–2Arranger, II–9Art, II–5, IV–23, A–8, VII–1, VII–6Assignment, IV–1, IV–2, V–1, V–5, V–6, V–7, VII–3, VII–9Associated Capital Maintenance Item, VI–18, VII–13Auction, III–6, III–7, VII–2Audit, III–7, IV–4, IV–25, IV–32, IV–33, IV–34, VI–22, VII–6, VII–7, A–2, A–8, VII–2, VII–8Auditor, IV–32, IV–33Authorization, I–3, V–3, VI–19, A–2, VII–13Authorizing, I–1, IV–1, IV–9, VI–20Availability, II–5, III–3, IV–3, VI–4, VI–17, VI–19, VII–13Award, I–12, I–13, III–1, III–4, IV–1, IV–2, IV–4, IV–5, IV–10, IV–21, IV–28, V–5, V–6, V–7, V–8, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–4, VI–5, VI–7, VI–9, VI–10, VI–11, VI–13, VI–15, VI–16, VI–17, VI–19, VI–23, VI–25, VII–3, VII–8, VII–9, VII–10, A–5, VII–4, VII–6, VII–10, VII–15Background, I–2Barriers, IV–15, IV–25, VI–13, A–4Basis for Contract Award, IV–21, VII–6Bayh-Dole Act, IV–30, A–2Best Practices Procurement Manual, I–13, II–4, II–5, IV–4, V–6, V–7, V–8, VI–3, VI–21, VII–5, A–8, See also, BPPMBest Value, I–3, IV–3, VI–11, VII–11Bias, III–2, See also, BiasedBiased, VI–5, VII–10, See also, BiasBid, I–5, III–6, IV–20, IV–26, VI–4, VI–5, VI–8, VI–9, VI–10, VI–12, VI–14, VI–17, VII–2, VII–7, VII–12, VII–13, VII–1, VII–2Bid Guarantee, IV–26, VII–7, VII–2Bidder, III–4, IV–26, VI–4, VI–7, VI–8, VI–9, VI–10, VI–12, VI–23, VI–24, VII–3, VII–10, VII–15Bidding, I–5, III–6, VI–8, VI–10, VI–12, VI–15, VII–2Bond, IV–26, IV–27, VI–4, VII–7, VII–2Bonding, IV–26, IV–27, VI–3, VI–4, VII–7, VII–10, VII–2, VII–5, VII–7BPPM, I–13, I–14, II–4, VI–3, VII–5, See also, Best Practices Procurement ManualBrand Name, III–2, VI–3, VI–4, VII–2, VII–10Breach, IV–13, VII–7, VII–4Brooks Act, IV–24, IV–26, VI–12, VI–13, VI–15, A–2Building, I–5, IV–29, A–5Build-Operate-Transfer, II–9Build-Own-Operate, II–9Burden, III–7, IV–32, See also, OverheadBus, I–8, II–5, II–7, II–8, IV–21, IV–23, VI–4, A–5, VII–1, VII–6, VII–2, VII–5, VII–6Bus Testing, IV–21, A–5, VII–6Business Opportunity, IV–5, IV–14Business Reason, IV–11, VI–10, VII–4Buy America, IV–18, IV–29, IV–30, V–2, V–4, V–6, VI–7, VI–8, A–5, VII–5, VII–7, VII–1, VII–4, VII–6Byrd Anti-Lobbying Amendment, IV–5, A–2Cancellation, I–1Capability, III–1, III–7, VI–2, VI–4, VI–17, VI–19, VI–24, VII–13, VII–15Capacity, I–11, III–1, III–6, V–1, V–5, V–7, VI–4, VI–23, VII–1, VII–3, VII–2, VII–15Capital Contract, II–5, VII–1Cardinal Change, I–3, IV–9, V–7, V–8, VII–9Cargo Preference, IV–19, A–3, A–6, VII–2, VII–4Cargo Preference Act, IV–19, A–3Ceiling, IV–26, VI–6, VII–10Certification, I–11, I–12, III–1, III–2, IV–5, IV–20, IV–22, V–2, V–4, VII–2, VII–3, VII–6Change, I–3, I–4, IV–2, IV–9, V–7, V–8, V–9, VI–17, VI–21, VII–4, VII–5, VII–9Change Order, I–4, VI–21, VII–4, VII–5Charter, I–8, IV–22, A–5, VII–6, VII–2, VII–5Civil Rights, IV–5, IV–14, IV–15, A–3, A–4, VII–3, VII–5, VII–1, VII–4Claim, III–8, VI–19, VII–4, VII–7, VII–8, VII–9Clean Air Act, IV–17, A–3Clean Water Act, IV–17, A–2Coastal Zone, IV–18, VII–5Coin, IV–20, A–2Color, IV–5, IV–6, IV–14, IV–23Common Grant Rule, I–4, I–6, I–7, I–10, I–11, I–12, II–3, II–4, II–5, II–10, II–11, III–1, III–2, III–3, III–4, III–5, IV–1, IV–3, IV–4, IV–5, IV–7, IV–8, IV–9, IV–12, IV–13, IV–14, IV–17, IV–18, IV–19, IV–21, IV–26, IV–27, IV–28, IV–29, IV–30, IV–31, V–1, V–2, V–4, V–7, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–4, VI–5, VI–6, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–16, VI–18, VI–19, VI–20, VI–21, VI–23, VI–25, VII–1, VII–4, VII–5, VII–7, A–4, VII–1Common Grant Rule for Governmental Recipients, II–3, III–2, IV–7, IV–8, IV–12, IV–28, V–1, V–2, VI–2, VI–6, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–16, VI–18, VI–19, VI–25, VII–1, VII–4, A–4, See also, Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements to State and Local GovernmentsCommon Grant Rule for Non-Governmental Recipients, II–3, III–2, III–3, IV–7, IV–8, IV–13, IV–27, VI–6, VI–25, VII–1, A–4, See also, Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit OrganizationsCommunity, I–6, I–7, IV–23, VII–6Compensation, IV–24, IV–29, VII–6Competition, I–6, II–2, II–7, II–8, II–9, III–2, III–4, III–6, IV–9, IV–21, IV–27, IV–29, V–4, V–8, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–4, VI–8, VI–12, VI–16, VI–17, VI–18, VI–19, VI–21, A–7, VII–9, VII–10, VII–11, VII–13Competitive Proposal, VI–9, VI–10, VI–11, VI–16, VI–18, A–5, VII–11Complex, II–9, IV–30, VII–1Comptroller General, I–13, III–5, III–6, V–8Concept, IV–28, V–9, VI–1, VI–17, VII–13Concurrence, I–3, II–1, IV–11, VI–4, VII–6, VII–9, VII–4Condition, III–2, IV–11, IV–28Confidentiality, VI–14, VII–12Conflict, II–9, II–11, III–1, IV–5, IV–21, VI–3, VI–4, VI–5, VI–14, VII–3Conflict of Interest, II–9, III–1, IV–5, VI–5, VII–3Consortium, I–5, I–8, II–2, VI–15, VI–18, VII–3, VII–13Construction, I–5, II–6, II–8, II–9, IV–9, IV–11, IV–12, IV–14, IV–15, IV–24, IV–25, IV–26, IV–27, IV–28, IV–29, IV–30, VI–3, VI–6, VI–7, VI–9, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–15, VI–24, VII–9, VII–10, A–2, A–5, A–6, A–7, VII–1, VII–4, VII–5, VII–7, VII–10, VII–12, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5Construction Management, IV–24, VI–12, VI–14, VI–15Construction Manager at Risk, II–9Constructive Change, I–4, VII–4, VII–5Contact, I–2, I–14, II–1, II–9, IV–4, IV–11, IV–32, VII–2, VII–6, VII–8, B–1Contract, I–4Contract Administration System, III–1, VII–7Contract Award, IV–2, IV–4, IV–5, IV–21, IV–28, V–5, V–6, VI–1, VI–2, VI–5, VI–10, VI–13, VI–15, VI–23, VI–25, VII–1, VII–10, VII–6, VII–10, VII–15, VII–1Contract Expansion, V–7, VII–9Contract Rights, V–1, V–4, V–5, V–6, V–7, VI–3, VII–9Contract Type, III–4, VI–6, VI–8, VII–2, VII–10Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act, IV–13, IV–14, IV–29, A–2, A–5, VII–5Cooperative Agreement, I–2, I–3, I–4, I–5, I–7, I–8, I–13, II–1, II–2, II–3, II–10, IV–9, IV–10, V–1, VI–18, VI–20, VII–5, VII–6, A–4, VII–1Cooperative Procurement, I–6, I–7, See also, Joint Procurement and Cooperative Purchasing ProgramCooperative Purchasing Program, I–7, I–9, I–10, V–2, V–3, See also, Cooperative Purchasing ProgramCopeland Anti-Kickback Act, A–1, A–2, VII–2, VII–5Copyright, IV–31, VII–5Cost, I–3, I–8, I–10, II–10, III–4, III–5, IV–1, IV–3, IV–9, IV–10, IV–18, IV–26, IV–30, IV–32, IV–33, IV–34, V–1, VI–3, VI–6, VI–10, VI–11, VI–14, VI–15, VI–16, VI–19, VI–20, VI–21, VI–22, VII–5, A–5, A–7, VII–2, VII–4, VII–7, VII–8, VII–10, VII–12, VII–13, VII–14, VII–7Cost Analysis, VI–16, VI–20, VI–21, VII–13, VII–14Cost Plus a Percentage of Cost, VI–6, VII–10Cost Reimbursement, III–4, VI–6, VII–10Council on Environmental Quality, IV–17, A–6Court Award, VII–8, VII–9Creed, IV–5, IV–14, IV–23Criminal Fraud, III–7, A–1, VII–1, VII–4Criteria, I–5, IV–23, VI–23, VII–6Customary, II–8, IV–11, V–8, VII–4Data, I–6, IV–31, VI–14, VI–17, VI–20, VII–8, VII–12, VII–13, VII–3, VII–5Davis-Bacon Act, IV–28, A–2, VII–2, VII–5DBE, II–6, IV–3, IV–6, IV–7, IV–20, VI–23, VII–3, VII–6, VII–15, See also, Disadvantaged Business EnterpriseDebarment, IV–4, IV–5, VI–23, A–4, A–7, VII–3, VII–15, VII–1, VII–4Defense Contract Audit Agency, IV–34, VI–22, A–8Deficiencies, I–11, VI–24, VII–15Definition, I–3, I–5, III–6, V–3, A–3Delay, I–11, VI–17, VI–18, VII–13Delivery, I–3, I–5, I–6, II–8, II–9, IV–7, IV–12, IV–21, V–1, V–5, V–6, V–8, VI–3, VI–11, VI–24, A–5, VII–3, VII–6Demonstration, II–4, IV–30, IV–31, VII–3Department of Agriculture, IV–22, IV–32, A–6Department of Commerce, IV–8, IV–30, IV–31, A–6, VII–3Department of Labor, IV–13, IV–28, A–5, A–6, See also, DOLDepartment of the Treasury, IV–27, A–6Department of Transportation, I–1, II–6, IV–4, IV–7, IV–14, VI–19, A–3, A–4, A–7, See also, DOTDescription, I–14, II–9, III–2, IV–3, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–8, VI–9, VII–2, VII–5, VII–7, VII–10Design, I–3, I–5, II–5, II–8, II–9, IV–15, IV–23, IV–24, IV–25, IV–28, VI–11, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–15, VI–16, VII–10, A–8, VII–5, VII–7, VII–12Design-Bid-Build, I–5, VI–14, VII–12Design-Build, I–5, II–8, II–9, IV–28, VI–15, VI–16, VII–12Design-Build With a Warranty, II–9Design-Build-Finance-Operate, II–9Design-Build-Operate-Maintain, II–9Development, I–1, I–8, II–4, II–7, II–8, IV–6, IV–8, IV–24, IV–30, IV–31, VI–10, VI–17, VI–19, A–8, VII–1, VII–3, VII–8, VII–3, VII–5Disabilities, IV–6, IV–15, IV–16, IV–20, IV–22, IV–30, A–3, A–4, VII–3, VII–5, See also, DisabilityDisability, IV–15, A–1, VII–5, See also, DisabilitiesDisadvantaged Business Enterprise, II–6, IV–2, IV–3, IV–6, IV–7, VI–4, VI–23, A–4, VII–3, VII–1, VII–4, See also, DBEDisclosure, IV–5, IV–17, VI–19, VII–3Discriminatory, III–2, IV–3, VI–3Discussion, IV–13, VII–5Disputes, VI–19, VII–1, VII–5, VII–6, VII–9, VII–13, VII–1, VII–4Documentation, III–5, IV–11, IV–12, VI–8, VII–5, VII–6, VII–9, VII–2, VII–4, VII–11DOL, IV–13, IV–22, IV–28, IV–29, A–5, A–6, See also, Department of LaborDOT, I–1, I–4, II–5, II–6, II–10, III–5, III–8, IV–4, IV–5, IV–7, IV–8, IV–14, IV–15, IV–17, IV–20, IV–22, IV–27, IV–30, IV–32, VI–19, VI–21, VI–23, A–3, A–4, A–5, A–7, A–8, VII–3, VII–5, See also, Department of TransportationDriving, IV–8, IV–9, A–7, A–8Drug Use and Testing, IV–22, VII–6, VII–2, VII–5Duplication, IV–32, VI–17, VII–8, VII–13Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act, IV–28, A–3E-Commerce, I–5, See also, Electronic CommerceEducational Institutions, IV–10, IV–33, A–7, VII–4, VII–8EEO, IV–5, VII–3, VII–1, VII–4, See also, Equal Employment OpportunityEffect, I–3, I–4, I–13, II–1, II–4, III–5, IV–23, IV–30, V–7, VI–5, VI–13, VII–1, VII–6, VII–12E-Government Act of 2002, V–3, A–2Electronic, I–3, I–5, I–6, I–13, III–5, III–6, IV–16, A–1, A–6, VII–2, VII–5Electronic Commerce, I–5, III–5, VII–2, See also, E-CommerceEligibility, II–8, IV–1, IV–9, IV–32, IV–34, V–2, V–3, A–7, A–8, VII–3, VII–4, VII–8Eligible, I–6, II–6, IV–1, IV–3, IV–9, IV–23, IV–34, V–3, VI–4, VI–20, VI–23, VII–4, VII–5, VII–9, VII–14Emergency, V–3, V–4, VI–4, VI–5, VI–18, VI–19, A–2, A–3, VII–9, VII–10, VII–13Employee, III–1, IV–22, VII–2, VII–5Employment, I–8, IV–5, IV–6, IV–14, IV–28, A–1, A–3, A–6, A–7, VII–3, VII–7End Products, IV–25, VI–13, VII–7Energy, III–3, IV–17, IV–18, A–3, VII–2, VII–5, VII–3, VII–5Energy Policy and Conservation Act, IV–18, A–3Engineering, I–10, II–2, IV–24, IV–28, VI–4, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–15, VI–19, VII–10, A–2, VII–7, VII–10, VII–12Environment, III–3, IV–17, See also, EnvironmentalEnvironmental, III–3, IV–14, IV–15, IV–16, IV–17, IV–18, A–5, A–6, A–7, VII–2, VII–5, See also, EnvironmentEnvironmental Justice, IV–14, IV–15, A–7, VII–5Environmental Protection Agency, IV–17, A–6, See also, EPAEPA, IV–17, IV–20, A–6, VII–3, VII–5, See also, Environmental Protection AgencyEPLS, IV–5, See also, Excluded Parties List SystemEqual, II–7, III–2, III–3, IV–5, IV–6, IV–16, IV–28, VI–3, VI–4, VI–18, A–3, A–6, A–7, VII–2, VII–3, VII–5, VII–7, VII–10, VII–2Equal Employment Opportunity, IV–5, IV–6, IV–28, A–3, A–6, A–7, VII–3, VII–7, See also, EEOEquipment, I–6, I–8, II–5, IV–3, IV–18, IV–22, IV–23, IV–30, IV–31, V–1, VI–17, VI–24, VII–10, A–2Ethics, VI–23, VII–15Evaluate, III–5, IV–25, V–5, VI–5, VI–22, VII–9, See also, EvaluationEvaluation, I–3, VI–5, VI–11, VI–13, VI–20, VI–22, VI–23, VII–1, VII–6, VII–10, VII–11, VII–14, See also, EvaluateException, II–9, IV–11, VI–18, VII–13, See also, WaiverExisting Contract, V–4, V–5, V–7, VI–17, VII–9Experience, I–11, VI–3, VI–6, VI–10, VI–22, VI–23, VI–24, VII–6, VII–10, VII–15Export, IV–31, A–6, VII–8Fabrication, IV–21, IV–24, IV–25, VI–13Facilitator, II–9Factor, VI–13, VI–24Failure, IV–27, V–5, VI–19, VI–24, VII–3, VII–4, VII–8, VII–9, VII–10, VII–9, VII–13Fair Labor Standards, IV–14, IV–22, A–1, VII–5Fair Labor Standards Act, IV–14, IV–22, A–1False Statement, VII–4FAR, II–10, IV–10, IV–18, IV–26, IV–30, IV–33, VI–7, VI–14, VI–18, VI–20, VI–21, VI–22, VI–23, A–5, VII–13Feasibility Studies, IV–24, VI–12, VI–14, VI–15Federal Acquisition Regulation, II–10, VI–7, A–5, VII–1, See also, FARFederal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994, IV–7, IV–14, IV–29, A–1, A–2, A–3Federal Boards of Contract Appeals, V–8Federal Concern, I–11, VII–1, VII–9Federal Court Decisions, V–8Federal Interest, IV–26, IV–27, VII–1, VII–8, VII–9Federal Procurement Standard, V–8, VII–9Federal Property and Administrative Services Act, V–3, A–2Federal Register, I–1, I–2, IV–10Federal Requirements, I–1, I–2, I–12, I–13, I–14, II–1, II–4, II–10, II–11, III–1, III–4, III–6, IV–1, IV–3, IV–4, IV–9, IV–19, IV–21, IV–30, V–1, V–2, V–4, V–6, VI–4, VI–7, VII–1, VII–9, VII–10, VII–1, VII–4Federal Supply Schedule, V–2, V–3, VII–9Federal Transit Administration, I–1, I–2, I–6, II–1, II–5, III–1, IV–1, VI–1, VII–1, A–5, A–8, See also, FTAFederal Transit Laws, I–1, II–10, A–1Federalism, I–11, A–7Financial, I–1, I–2, II–6, II–9, III–1, III–4, IV–4, IV–6, IV–7, IV–12, IV–14, IV–15, IV–17, IV–27, VI–22, VI–24, VII–7, VII–8, A–2, A–4, A–6, VII–1, VII–15Firm Fixed Price, VI–6, VI–8, VI–9, VI–10, VII–10Five-Year Limitation, IV–21, VII–6Fixed Price, III–4, VI–6, VI–8, VI–9, VI–10, VII–10, VII–11Fly America, IV–19, A–4, VII–2, VII–4Force Account, I–6, II–9, V–1, VII–1, VII–9Foreign, I–8, IV–18, IV–31, VI–19, VII–2, VII–4Formal Advertising, VI–8, VI–11, VII–11Forms, III–4, III–5, VII–8, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7For-Profit, I–7, II–5, II–10, IV–10, IV–34, VII–4, VII–8Fraud, III–7, III–8, VII–1, VII–9, A–1, A–2, A–4, VII–1, VII–4Frequently Asked Questions, I–14, V–8FTA, I–1, I–2, I–1, I–2, I–3, I–5, I–6, I–7, I–8, I–9, I–10, I–11, I–12, I–13, I–14, II–1, II–2, II–3, II–4, II–5, II–6, II–7, II–8, II–9, II–10, II–11, III–1, III–2, III–4, III–5, III–6, III–7, IV–1, IV–2, IV–3, IV–4, IV–5, IV–6, IV–7, IV–8, IV–9, IV–10, IV–11, IV–12, IV–13, IV–14, IV–15, IV–16, IV–17, IV–18, IV–19, IV–20, IV–21, IV–22, IV–23, IV–24, IV–25, IV–26, IV–27, IV–28, IV–29, IV–30, IV–31, IV–32, IV–33, IV–34, V–1, V–2, V–3, V–4, V–5, V–6, V–7, V–8, V–9, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–4, VI–5, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–11, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–15, VI–16, VI–17, VI–18, VI–20, VI–21, VI–22, VI–23, VI–24, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7, VII–8, VII–9, A–5, A–8, B–1, VII–1, VII–4, VII–9, VII–13, VII–1, VII–4, See also, Federal Transit AdministrationFTA Circular, I–1, I–13, II–5, II–6, IV–1, IV–14, IV–15, IV–20, A–8FTA Official, IV–4, VII–2, VII–6, VII–8Fuel Economy, IV–20, A–6, VII–6Full and Open Competition, I–6, II–8, III–6, VI–1, VI–2, VI–12, VI–16, VI–19, VII–13Full Delivery, II–9G&A, III–7, IV–32, See also, General & AdministrativeGeneral & Administrative, III–7, IV–32, See also, G&AGeneral Services Administration, I–7, IV–5, V–2, A–2, A–6, See also, GSAGeographic, I–2, II–2, VI–4, VII–10, VII–7Gift, III–1Governmental Recipient, I–4, I–6, I–7, II–3, II–10, III–2, III–3, III–4, IV–7, IV–8, IV–12, IV–13, IV–17, IV–27, IV–28, V–1, V–2, V–3, VI–2, VI–6, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–11, VI–16, VI–18, VI–19, VI–25, VII–1, VII–2, VII–4, A–4, VII–1, VII–15Governmental Subrecipient, II–2, II–3, VII–1Grant, I–3, I–4, I–6, I–7, I–8, I–10, I–11, I–12, I–13, II–1, II–2, II–3, II–4, II–5, II–6, II–10, II–11, III–1, III–2, III–3, III–4, III–5, IV–1, IV–3, IV–4, IV–5, IV–7, IV–8, IV–9, IV–10, IV–12, IV–13, IV–14, IV–17, IV–18, IV–19, IV–20, IV–21, IV–26, IV–27, IV–28, IV–29, IV–30, IV–31, V–1, V–2, V–4, V–7, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–4, VI–5, VI–6, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–16, VI–18, VI–19, VI–20, VI–21, VI–23, VI–25, VII–1, VII–4, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7, A–4, A–8, VII–1Grant Management, II–6, IV–1, IV–20, A–8Grantee, I–8, II–2GSA, I–7, I–9, I–10, IV–5, IV–19, V–2, V–3, V–4, A–2, A–3, A–6, A–7, VII–3, See also, General Services AdministrationGuidance, I–1, I–2, I–11, I–12, I–13, II–1, II–2, II–6, II–8, II–9, II–10, II–11, IV–1, IV–3, IV–4, IV–10, IV–14, IV–15, IV–33, V–1, V–7, V–8, VI–1, VI–6, VI–7, VI–21, A–7, A–8, VII–14Guidelines, IV–5, IV–14, IV–15, IV–17, IV–22, IV–30, A–6, A–7, A–8Handicap, IV–15, A–4Helpline, I–14, VI–22HIRE Act, IV–6, A–1History, III–4, III–5, IV–23, VII–6, VII–2, VII–7HUBZone, IV–7IDIQ, V–5, V–7, See also, Indefinite-Delivery-Indefinite-QuantityImpartiality, IV–5, VI–5, VII–10Inadequate, II–11, VI–18, VI–21, VII–1, VII–13Incentive, VI–6, VI–10, VI–20, VII–14Indefinite-Delivery-Indefinite-Quantity, V–5, See also, IDIQIndian, I–1, I–4, I–6, I–7, I–9, II–10, IV–10, IV–18, IV–30, IV–33, V–3, A–7, VII–5, VII–8, See also, Indian Tribe, and Indian Tribal GovernmentIndian Tribal Government, I–4, I–6, IV–10, IV–33, A–7, See also, Indian, and Indian Tribe,Indian Tribe, I–6, II–10, IV–30, IV–33, VII–8, See also, Indian, and Indian Tribal GovernmentIndirect Cost, IV–26, IV–32, IV–33, IV–34, VI–14, VII–7, VII–8, VII–12, VII–14Industry Contracts, III–4, VII–2Information, I–2, I–12, II–1, II–4, II–11, III–5, III–6, III–7, IV–1, IV–4, IV–7, IV–8, IV–16, IV–17, IV–23, IV–32, V–3, V–4, V–6, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–5, VI–7, VI–20, VI–21, VII–2, VII–3, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7, VII–10, A–1, A–2, A–3, A–4, A–5, A–6, B–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–5, VII–9, VII–10Information Technology, IV–16, V–3, A–1, A–2, A–6, VII–9Innovative, I–10, II–9, VI–17, VII–13In-State, IV–21, VI–4, VII–6, VII–10Institution of Higher Education, I–7, IV–10, IV–30, IV–31, V–3Integrity, IV–4, VI–23, VII–15Intelligent Transportation System, IV–19, A–1, VII–6, See also, ITSInternational, I–8, IV–19, VI–19, A–4, VII–13International Air Transportation Fair Competitive Practices Act, IV–19, A–4, See also, Fly America ActITS, IV–19, IV–25, A–8, VII–3, VII–5, See also, Intelligent Transportation SystemJohn Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007, V–3, A–2Joint Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, IV–15, A–4Joint Partnership, II–4Joint Procurement, I–6, I–7, I–10, IV–1, IV–2, V–1, V–7, VII–3, VII–9Joint Venture, I–8, II–2, VI–15, VI–18, VII–3, VII–13Justification, III–4, III–5, IV–9, VI–20, VII–13, VII–7Labor, I–6, I–8, IV–7, IV–13, IV–14, IV–22, IV–26, IV–28, IV–29, V–1, V–5, VI–20, A–1, A–5, A–6, A–7, VII–5, VII–7Labor Neutrality, IV–29, VII–7Laborer, IV–13, IV–29Land, I–8, II–5, II–6Law, I–1, I–2, I–7, II–1, II–3, II–8, II–11, III–1, III–6, IV–1, IV–4, IV–9, IV–14, IV–21, IV–22, IV–25, IV–26, V–2, V–3, VI–1, VI–4, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–11, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–15, VI–21, VI–23, VII–4, VII–8, A–1, A–6, A–8, VII–7Lease, III–3, IV–3, IV–4, VII–2, VII–3Legal Effect, II–1Legislation, I–1, I–2, III–5, IV–17, VI–1, VI–12, VI–15LEP, IV–15, A–8, VII–5, See also, Limited English ProficiencyLetter of Credit, IV–11Letter of No Prejudice, IV–10, VII–4License, IV–21, IV–30, IV–31Licensing, IV–21, VI–4, VI–24, VII–10, VII–15Lift, II–5Limited, I–1, I–3, I–7, II–5, II–7, II–8, II–10, III–5, IV–5, IV–9, IV–11, IV–15, IV–16, IV–20, IV–23, IV–30, V–3, V–4, VI–3, VI–4, VI–5, VI–6, VI–9, VI–11, VI–14, VI–19, VI–21, VII–1, VII–9, A–7, A–8, VII–1, VII–5, VII–9, VII–10, VII–13, VII–5Limited Contract Opportunities, II–7, VII–1Limited English Proficiency, IV–15, A–7, VII–5, See also, LEPLiquidated Damages, IV–12, IV–13, VII–8, VII–4List, I–14, IV–4, IV–5, IV–17, IV–27, V–7, VII–2, VII–5, VII–7, VII–3Litigation, VI–19, VII–1, VII–6, VII–7, VII–8, VII–9, VII–13, VII–1, VII–4Lobbying, IV–5, A–2, A–4, VII–3, VII–1, VII–4, VII–6Local Government, I–4, I–6, I–7, I–9, II–10, III–7, IV–2, IV–30, IV–32, V–1, V–2, V–3, V–4, V–6, V–7, A–4, A–7, VII–3, VII–9Local Law, II–11, III–1, III–6, IV–23, VI–1, VI–4, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–11, VI–12, VI–14, VII–4, VII–1Local Preparedness Acquisition Act, V–4, A–2Local Share, IV–10, IV–11Major Disaster, V–3, V–4, VI–4, VI–5, A–2, A–3, VII–9Mapping, IV–24, IV–25, VI–12, VI–14, VI–15Master Agreement, I–3, I–7, I–13, II–1, II–5, II–11, III–1, III–5, IV–3, IV–4, IV–18, IV–31, VI–7, A–8, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3Matrices, IV–4, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7Mechanic, IV–13, IV–29Method, I–3, I–6, II–1, III–4, IV–12, V–1, V–7, VI–6, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–11, VI–14, VI–15, VI–16, VI–17, VI–20, VI–21, VII–2, VII–11, VII–12Metric, III–3, IV–19, IV–20, A–1, A–7, VII–2, VII–6Micro-Purchase, VI–7, VI–8, VI–21, VII–11, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5Mitigation, IV–16, VII–5Modification, I–7, VI–21, VII–5National Emergency, VI–19, VII–13National Environmental Policy Act, IV–16National Origin, IV–5, IV–6, IV–14, IV–23National Research Act, IV–31, A–3National Security, VI–19, VII–13National Transit Institute, VI–21Necessity, III–3, IV–1, VII–2, VII–3Needs, I–7, III–7, IV–1, IV–2, IV–3, IV–21, V–1, V–5, V–6, V–7, V–9, VI–3, VI–7, VI–17, VI–19, VI–21, VI–22, VII–3, VII–10Negotiate, VI–10, VI–21, See also, Negotiated, and NegotiationNegotiated, I–3, V–5, VI–10, VI–12, VI–20, VII–6, See also, Negotiate, and NegotiationNegotiation, IV–26, VI–14, VI–15, See also, Negotiate, and NegotiatedNoncompetitive Proposal, VI–16, VI–18, A–5Nondiscrimination, IV–5, IV–6, IV–14, IV–15, IV–23, A–1, A–3, A–4, A–6, VII–3, VII–5, VII–6Non-Governmental Recipient, I–4, I–7, II–3, II–10, III–2, III–3, III–4, IV–7, IV–8, IV–13, IV–27, V–1, V–2, VI–6, VI–7, VI–10, VI–11, VI–25, VII–1, VII–2, A–4, VII–1, VII–15Nonprofit, I–7, IV–30, A–6, See also, Non-ProfitNon-Profit, I–4, I–7, II–3, II–10, III–7, IV–10, IV–16, IV–30, IV–32, IV–33, IV–34, VI–19, A–4, A–7, VII–1, VII–4, VII–8, See also, NonprofitNonrestrictive, III–2, VII–2Notice, I–1, I–2, II–5, II–8, II–9, IV–7, IV–10, IV–19, VII–3, VII–10, A–8, VII–3Notification, I–2, II–11, III–5, III–6, VII–2, VII–3, VII–5, See also, NotifyNotify, II–4, II–11, III–6, VI–14, VII–1, VII–2, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7, VII–8, See also, NotificationObjectivity, IV–5, VI–5, VII–10Ocean Vessel, IV–19, VII–5, VII–2, VII–4Offeror, I–10, III–4, VI–1, VI–2, VI–4, VI–7, VI–11, VI–12, VI–13, VI–17, VI–20, VI–23, VI–24, VII–3, VII–10, VII–15Office, I–1, I–2, I–14, III–6, IV–4, IV–11, IV–12, IV–28, IV–33, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, A–6, A–7, B–1, B–2Office of Federal Procurement Policy, III–6, IV–12Off-the-Shelf, IV–25, VI–13Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act, IV–19, A–1On-Site Inspector’s Report, VII–6Open Contract Opportunities, II–7, VII–1Open Market, V–9, VI–1, VII–9, VII–10, VII–11, VII–12, VII–13, VII–14, VII–15Operation, I–1, II–8Opportunity, II–7, IV–5, IV–6, IV–14, IV–16, IV–28, VI–1, VI–12, VII–4, A–3, A–6, A–7, VII–3, VII–5, VII–7, VII–10Option, I–5, I–9, IV–3, IV–21, V–2, V–5, VI–22, VII–9Organizational Conflicts of Interest, III–2, IV–32, VI–5, VII–8, VII–10Other Agreement, I–8, II–2, II–4, IV–30, IV–33, VII–1Other Than Full and Open Competition, VI–16, VII–13Overhead, III–7, IV–18, IV–30, IV–32, VI–20, See also, BurdenOversight, I–11, I–12, I–13, V–9, VII–2, VII–6, VII–7Over-the-Road Bus, II–5, VII–1Paratransit, IV–16, VII–5Participant, II–2, VII–1Participation, II–6, IV–2, IV–7, IV–14, IV–23, IV–32, VI–3, VI–4, VI–18, VI–20, VII–4, VII–6, VII–7, VII–8, VII–9, A–4, VII–6, VII–5Partnership, I–8, II–2, II–4, II–8, II–9, VI–15, VI–18, VII–3, VII–13Past Performance, I–3, IV–4, VI–10, VI–11, VI–21, VI–24, VI–25, VII–15Patent, IV–30, VI–17, A–2, VII–8, VII–3, VII–5Payment, III–4, IV–10, IV–11, IV–12, IV–26, VI–4, VI–6, VI–10, VII–4, VII–7, VII–2Payment Bond, IV–26, VI–4, VII–7, VII–2Percentage, II–7, IV–12, V–8, VI–6, VI–11, VII–4, VII–10Percentage of Construction Cost, VI–6, VII–10Performance, I–3, I–5, I–10, I–12, III–1, III–2, III–4, IV–4, IV–9, IV–12, IV–13, IV–17, IV–21, IV–22, IV–26, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–4, VI–5, VI–6, VI–7, VI–10, VI–11, VI–14, VI–21, VI–24, VI–25, VII–2, VII–4, VII–7, VII–12, VII–15, VII–2Performance Bond, IV–26, VI–4, VII–7, VII–2Period of Performance, IV–9, VII–4Person, IV–14, IV–28, VI–3, VI–19, VI–21Personal Conflicts of Interest, III–1, VII–2Personnel, I–3, III–1, III–7, IV–8, VI–11, VI–22, VI–24Piggybacking, V–6PLA, I–8, IV–29, See also, Project Labor AgreementPlan, I–3, VI–11, VI–19, VII–13Planning, II–6, II–8, IV–23, IV–24, VI–19, VII–10, VII–3Pollution, IV–20, A–6, VII–6Pooling, V–7PPP, II–8, II–9, See also, Public-Private PartnershipPreaward Authority, IV–10, VII–4Preference, III–2, III–3, IV–17, IV–18, IV–19, IV–29, VI–2, VI–5, VI–8, VI–18, A–3, A–6, VII–2, VII–5, VII–7, VII–2, VII–4Preliminary Engineering, IV–24, VI–12, VI–14, VI–15Prenotification, VI–14, VII–12Prequalification, VI–2, VI–3, VI–16, VII–10Presidential $1 Coin Act, IV–20, A–2Prevailing Wage, IV–28, VI–7, A–2, VII–7Preventive Maintenance, II–6, II–7, VII–1Price, I–3, III–4, III–5, IV–12, IV–26, IV–27, V–4, V–5, V–6, VI–6, VI–8, VI–9, VI–10, VI–11, VI–12, VI–13, VI–16, VI–20, VI–21, VI–22, VII–2, VII–9, VII–10, VII–11, VII–12, VII–14, VII–7Price Analysis, V–6, VI–16, VI–20, VI–21, VII–14, VII–7Pricing Guide for FTA Grantees, VI–22, A–8Process, I–3, I–13, II–7, III–7, IV–16, IV–21, IV–23, V–6, VI–2, VI–5, VI–11, VI–16, VII–3, A–3, VII–6Procurement Procedures, II–2, II–3, II–5, II–11, III–2, III–3, III–6, IV–24, IV–25, V–7, VI–1, VI–7, VI–9, VI–11, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–15, VI–19, VII–2, VII–11, VII–12, VII–13Procurement System, I–11, I–12, III–1Product, I–10, III–2, V–2, VI–2, VI–4, VI–17, VI–21Production, VI–17, VI–24, VII–15Program Management, II–9, IV–24, VI–12, VI–14, VI–15, VII–1, VII–9Program Manager, IV–25Progress Payment, IV–11, IV–12, VII–4Prohibited, IV–9, IV–11, IV–21, IV–22, IV–29, V–8, VI–3, VI–5, VI–6, VI–8, VI–13, VI–14, VI–19, A–5, VII–4, VII–10, VII–11, VII–12, VII–13Prohibition, IV–2, IV–5, IV–24, VII–3, VII–6, See also, ProhibitedProject Designer, IV–25Project Labor Agreement, I–8, IV–29, A–7, See also, PLAProject Type, II–5, VII–1Property, I–6, I–8, I–9, I–10, II–2, II–5, II–6, II–7, II–8, II–9, III–2, III–3, III–4, III–6, IV–1, IV–2, IV–3, IV–9, IV–13, IV–14, IV–16, IV–18, IV–19, IV–20, IV–24, IV–25, IV–29, IV–30, V–1, V–2, V–3, V–4, V–5, V–6, V–7, V–9, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–7, VI–8, VI–9, VI–10, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–17, VI–18, VI–20, VII–8, A–2, A–3, A–4, A–6, VII–1, VII–4, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7, VII–8, VII–9, VII–10, VII–1, VII–2Proposal, I–3, I–10, III–3, III–6, IV–20, IV–34, VI–1, VI–4, VI–9, VI–10, VI–11, VI–12, VI–16, VI–17, VI–18, VI–23, A–5, VII–2, VII–11, VII–13, VII–1Protest, VI–19, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–9, VII–7Provision, I–1, II–6, II–10, IV–8, IV–9, V–6, VI–6, VI–10, VII–8, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5Public Interest, IV–31, VI–19, VII–13Public Opening, VI–9, VII–11Public Policy, IV–4, VI–22, VI–23, VII–15Public Transportation, I–1, I–2, I–3, I–5, I–8, I–9, II–3, II–4, II–7, II–9, IV–1, IV–2, IV–3, IV–5, IV–14, IV–15, IV–16, IV–20, IV–21, IV–22, IV–30, V–6, VI–11, VII–4, A–1, VII–3, VII–5, VII–6Publication, I–1, IV–7, IV–31, VI–1, VI–7, VII–8Publicity, VI–9, VI–11, VII–11Public-Private Partnership, II–8, II–9, VII–1, See also, PPPPurchase, I–5, I–10, II–2, III–1, III–3, III–4, III–5, III–7, IV–1, IV–2, IV–3, IV–13, IV–18, V–2, V–3, V–4, VI–6, VI–7, VI–8, VI–9, VI–16, VI–21, VII–2, VII–3, VII–11, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5Purchase Order, I–10, II–2, III–1, III–7, V–2, V–4, VI–6Purchasing Contract, I–9, IV–2, V–2, V–4, VII–3, VII–9Purchasing Schedule, I–6, I–9, IV–2, V–1, V–2, V–4, V–6, VII–3, VII–9Qualifications-Based, IV–24, IV–25, IV–26, VI–2, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–15, VII–7, VII–12Qualified, III–1, III–7, IV–6, IV–7, IV–15, VI–2, VI–4, VI–8, VI–11, VI–12, VI–13, VI–16, VI–22, VI–23, VII–12Quality, I–3, I–8, III–2, IV–17, IV–23, V–8, VI–11, VI–21, VI–24, A–6, VII–2, VII–6Quantity, I–6, IV–2, IV–20, V–1, V–5, V–6, V–8, VI–3, VII–9Quote, III–6, VII–2Race, IV–5, IV–6, IV–14, IV–23Real Property, I–8, II–5, II–6, IV–24, IV–25, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, A–3, A–4, VII–1Recipient, I–1, I–2, I–3, I–4, I–5, I–6, I–7, I–8, I–9, I–10, I–11, I–12, I–13, I–14, II–1, II–2, II–3, II–4, II–5, II–6, II–7, II–8, II–9, II–10, II–11, III–1, III–2, III–3, III–4, III–5, III–6, III–7, IV–1, IV–2, IV–3, IV–4, IV–5, IV–6, IV–7, IV–8, IV–9, IV–10, IV–11, IV–12, IV–13, IV–15, IV–16, IV–17, IV–18, IV–19, IV–20, IV–21, IV–22, IV–23, IV–24, IV–25, IV–26, IV–27, IV–28, IV–29, IV–30, IV–31, IV–32, IV–33, V–1, V–2, V–3, V–4, V–5, V–6, V–7, V–8, V–9, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–4, VI–5, VI–6, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–11, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–15, VI–16, VI–17, VI–18, VI–19, VI–20, VI–21, VI–22, VI–23, VI–24, VI–25, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7, VII–8, VII–9, VII–10, A–4, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–10, VII–15Record, I–12, III–4, III–5, IV–4, IV–13, IV–29, VI–21, VI–23, VI–24, VII–2, VII–15, VII–7Recreation Area, IV–17, A–3, A–5, VII–5Recycled, IV–17, A–3, VII–5, VII–3, VII–5Reference, I–7, I–10, I–12, I–13, IV–30, VI–7, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–6Region, II–11, IV–27, VII–2, VII–3, B–1, B–2Regional Administrator, IV–27, VII–2, VII–3Regulations, I–2, I–4, I–13, I–14, II–1, II–2, II–3, II–5, II–6, II–9, II–10, II–11, III–1, III–3, III–4, III–8, IV–1, IV–3, IV–4, IV–5, IV–6, IV–7, IV–8, IV–9, IV–13, IV–14, IV–15, IV–16, IV–17, IV–18, IV–19, IV–20, IV–21, IV–22, IV–23, IV–24, IV–26, IV–27, IV–28, IV–29, IV–30, IV–31, IV–32, V–2, V–4, VI–1, VI–4, VI–11, VI–14, VI–22, VI–23, VI–24, VII–4, A–4, A–5, A–6, VII–1, VII–3, VII–5Rehabilitation, IV–15, IV–16, A–1, VII–5Rehabilitation Act, IV–15, IV–16, A–1, VII–5Rejection, III–4, III–5, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–25, VII–10, VII–11, VII–15Relocation, II–5, II–6, A–3, A–4Remedies, III–8, IV–12, IV–13, VI–5, VII–3, VII–8, A–2, A–4, VII–4, VII–10Repair, IV–24, IV–25, IV–28, IV–29, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14Report, VII–2, VII–6, VII–7, VII–8, VII–6Reporting, IV–26, VI–14Request for Proposals, I–10, VI–10, VI–11, VI–25, VII–11Requirement, I–14, II–1, IV–24, IV–26, IV–29, VI–1, VI–8, VI–11, VI–13, VI–19, VII–1, VII–13, VII–3, VII–6Research, I–7, I–8, II–4, IV–24, IV–30, IV–31, IV–33, VI–18, VI–19, A–3, VII–8, VII–13, VII–3, VII–5Reserve, VI–7, VII–6Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, IV–17, A–3Resources, III–3, IV–4, IV–17, IV–23, V–7, VI–21, VI–24, VII–15Responsibility, I–2, III–5, IV–2, IV–4, IV–22, VI–9, VI–23, VII–1, VII–5, VII–7, VII–3Responsible, I–1, I–2, I–6, I–9, II–2, IV–2, IV–3, IV–4, V–4, V–6, VI–8, VI–9, VI–10, VI–11, VI–15, VI–16, VI–21, VI–23, VII–4, VII–7, VII–15Restraint of Trade, VI–5, VII–10Restrictive, IV–3, IV–27, VI–3, VI–4, VI–16, VI–18Retainer, VI–3, VII–10Revenue Contract, I–9, II–7, II–8, VII–1Revenue Vehicle, II–2Reverse Auction, III–6, VII–2Review, I–11, I–12, I–14, II–11, III–5, IV–3, IV–16, IV–18, IV–21, IV–22, V–6, V–9, VI–2, VI–12, VI–16, VI–17, VI–20, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7, VII–9, VII–6, VII–12, VII–13, VII–6Role, I–1, I–5, I–6, I–10, I–11, II–8, VI–10, VII–1, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7, VII–8Rolling Stock, I–12, IV–9, IV–13, IV–18, IV–20, IV–21, V–8, A–5, VII–6, VII–9, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5, VII–6Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity ActA Legacy for Users, I–1, IV–6, VI–18, See also, SAFETEA-LUSAFETEA-LU, I–1, I–2, II–5, IV–4, IV–6, IV–19, IV–25, IV–26, VI–18, VI–20, VI–23, A–1, See also, Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for UsersSafety, I–10, IV–8, IV–13, IV–14, IV–22, IV–24, IV–27, IV–28, IV–29, A–2, A–3, A–5, A–6, VII–7, VII–2, VII–5, VII–6Schedule, I–6, I–9, IV–2, IV–7, V–1, V–2, V–3, V–4, V–6, VI–24, A–2, VII–3, VII–9School, I–7, IV–23, V–3, A–5, VII–6, VII–2, VII–5Scope, II–5, IV–1, IV–9, IV–23, V–7, V–8, VI–7, VI–17, VII–5, VII–4Sealed Bids, VI–8, VI–11, VI–15, VI–16, VII–11Seat Belt, IV–8, A–7, VII–3Security, I–10, IV–8, IV–11, IV–12, VI–19, A–3, A–4, A–5, VII–3, VII–4, VII–13Seismic, IV–27, IV–28, A–3, A–5, VII–7, VII–2, VII–5Selection, II–9, III–1, III–4, IV–4, IV–21, IV–23, IV–24, VI–4, VI–8, VI–9, VI–10, VI–13, VI–15, VI–16, VI–25, VII–1, A–3, VII–2, VII–6, VII–12, VII–7Self-Certification, I–11, I–12, III–1, III–2, VII–2Sensitive Security Information, IV–8, A–3, A–4, A–5, VII–3Service, I–2, I–1, I–10, III–2, IV–1, IV–3, IV–16, IV–20, IV–21, IV–22, IV–30, A–5, VII–5, VII–6, VII–5, See also, ServicesService Life, IV–3, IV–20, VII–6Services, I–2, I–5, I–6, I–7, I–9, I–10, II–2, II–5, II–8, II–9, II–10, III–2, III–3, III–4, III–6, III–7, IV–1, IV–2, IV–3, IV–5, IV–6, IV–8, IV–9, IV–11, IV–13, IV–14, IV–15, IV–16, IV–17, IV–18, IV–19, IV–20, IV–21, IV–22, IV–23, IV–24, IV–25, IV–26, IV–30, IV–31, IV–32, IV–33, V–1, V–2, V–3, V–4, V–5, V–6, V–7, V–9, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–4, VI–7, VI–8, VI–9, VI–10, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–15, VI–16, VI–17, VI–18, VI–19, VI–20, VI–21, VI–22, VII–8, A–2, A–4, A–6, A–7, VII–4, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7, VII–8, VII–10, VII–12, VII–2, VII–4, VII–5, VII–7, See also, ServiceSettlement, I–6, VII–6, VII–7, VII–8, VII–9Sex, IV–5, IV–6, IV–14, IV–23, A–1, A–4, VII–3Shared Use, V–1, VII–9Single Audit Act, III–7, IV–32, A–2, VII–8Single Bid, VI–10, VI–17, VII–13Single Proposal, VI–17, VII–13Size, III–5, IV–2, IV–7, VI–4, VI–8, VII–3Small and Minority Firm, IV–2, IV–7, VII–3Small Procurement, IV–1, IV–2, VII–3Small Purchase, III–4, IV–3, VI–8, VI–16, VI–21, VII–11Socio-Economic, IV–6, IV–13, VII–3, VII–5Sole Source, III–4, IV–9, V–5, VI–1, VI–2, VI–16, VI–17, VI–18, VI–20, VI–21, VI–25, VII–9, VII–13Solicitation, I–3, I–6, II–9, III–6, IV–7, IV–12, IV–28, V–1, V–2, V–6, V–7, VI–1, VI–2, VI–3, VI–5, VI–7, VI–9, VI–11, VI–17, VI–18, VI–22, VI–23, VI–24, VII–10Source, I–14, III–4, IV–9, V–3, V–5, VI–1, VI–2, VI–10, VI–16, VI–17, VI–18, VI–20, VI–21, VI–25, VII–1, VII–9, VII–13Spare Ratio, IV–1, IV–20, VII–6Special Studies, IV–30, IV–31, VII–8Specification, VI–3, VI–9, VI–10Stafford Act, VI–4, A–3Standard, I–7, I–13, II–4, III–6, IV–13, IV–24, IV–26, V–8, VII–2, VII–9, VII–6Standards of Conduct, III–1, VII–2State, I–1, I–4, I–6, I–7, I–9, I–10, I–11, II–2, II–3, II–10, II–11, III–1, III–3, III–4, III–5, III–6, IV–2, IV–3, IV–5, IV–10, IV–16, IV–18, IV–21, IV–23, IV–25, IV–26, IV–27, IV–30, IV–33, V–1, V–2, V–3, V–4, V–6, V–7, VI–1, VI–4, VI–6, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–11, VI–12, VI–13, VI–14, VI–15, VII–4, A–3, A–4, A–7, VII–1, VII–3, VII–6, VII–7, VII–9, VII–10, VII–12Structure, II–6, IV–10, VI–15Subagreement, IV–4Subcontract, II–4, IV–8, IV–9, VI–14Subrecipient, I–8, I–9, II–1, II–2, II–3, II–6, II–7, II–10, IV–7, IV–15, IV–16, IV–30, IV–31, V–3, VII–1Sureties, IV–27, VII–7Surplus, IV–7, V–2, A–1, VII–9Surveying, IV–24, VI–12, VI–14, VI–15Suspension, IV–4, IV–5, IV–13, VI–23, A–4, A–7, VII–3, VII–4, VII–15, VII–1, VII–4Suspension of Work, IV–13, VII–4System, I–5, I–11, I–12, I–13, II–7, III–1, III–3, III–5, III–6, IV–1, IV–5, IV–19, VII–2, VII–3, VII–7Taxes, VI–24, VII–15TEA-21, II–5, A–1, See also, Transportation Equity Act for the 21st CenturyTeam, I–8, II–2, VI–15, VI–18, VII–3, VII–13Technical Assistance, I–11, I–12, I–13Technical Capacity, I–11, III–1, V–1, VI–23, VII–1, VII–15Technical Qualification, VI–2, VI–12, VI–16, VII–12Technology, I–5, III–5, IV–16, V–3, A–1, A–2, A–6, VII–2, VII–9Term, I–3, I–7, I–8, I–10, II–2, IV–3, IV–9, V–1, V–2, V–3, VI–23Terminate, II–11, See also, TerminationTermination, IV–13, VII–4, See also, TerminateTexting, IV–8Third Party Contract, I–1, I–2, I–9, I–10, I–11, I–12, I–13, I–14, II–1, II–2, II–3, II–4, II–5, II–6, II–8, II–9, III–1, III–3, III–4, III–5, III–7, IV–1, IV–2, IV–3, IV–4, IV–5, IV–6, IV–7, IV–8, IV–9, IV–11, IV–13, IV–15, IV–16, IV–17, IV–18, IV–19, IV–20, IV–21, IV–22, IV–23, IV–26, IV–27, IV–28, IV–29, IV–30, IV–31, IV–32, IV–33, IV–34, V–1, V–5, V–7, V–8, VI–1, VI–3, VI–14, VI–23, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5, VII–7, VII–8, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5, VII–6, VII–7, VII–8, VII–9, VII–10, VII–11, VII–12, VII–13, VII–14, VII–1, VII–2, VII–3, VII–4, VII–5Tier, I–13, II–4, III–5, IV–4, IV–5, IV–8, IV–15, IV–17, IV–28Time, I–5, III–6, III–7, IV–1, IV–2, IV–3, IV–9, IV–13, V–5, V–7, V–8, VI–3, VI–6, VI–9, VI–24, VII–9, VII–4, VII–10, VII–11Time and Materials, VI–6, VII–10Time Extension, IV–9, VII–4Timeliness, VI–24, VII–15Title IX, IV–6, A–1, See also, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972Title?IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, A–1, See also, Title IXTitle VI, IV–5, IV–14, IV–15, A–3, A–4, A–8, VII–5, VII–1, VII–4, See also, Title VI of the Civil Rights ActTitle VI of the Civil Rights Act, IV–14, IV–15, A–3, A–4, VII–5, See also, Title VITitle VII, IV–5, A–3, See also, Title VII of the Civil Rights ActTitle VII of the Civil Rights Act, IV–5, A–3, See also, Title VIITraining, I–13, II–5Transit Employee Protective Arrangements, VII–2, VII–5Transit Vehicle Manufacturer, IV–20, VII–6, See also, TVMTransportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, II–5, A–1, See also, TEA-21Travel, IV–19, VII–5, VII–4TVM, IV–20, VII–6, See also, Transit Vehicle ManufacturerTwo-Step Procurement Procedure, VI–12, VI–13, VII–12Type, II–3, II–5, II–7, III–4, IV–1, IV–23, IV–25, IV–30, VI–3, VI–6, VI–7, VI–8, VI–10, VI–13, VI–25, VII–1, VII–2, VII–7, VII–10, VII–11, VII–4, VII–5Unequal, VI–5, VII–10Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit Organizations, I–4, II–10, A–4, See also, Common Grant Rule for Non-Governmental RecipientsUniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements to State and Local Governments, I–4, II–10, A–4, See also, Common Grant Rule for Governmental RecipientsUniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act, II–6, A–3Unique, I–10, VI–2, VI–17, VII–13Unsolicited Proposal, I–10, VI–1, VII–10Urgency, VI–18, VII–13Usability, IV–16, VII–5Value, I–3, I–10, III–1, III–6, IV–3, IV–28, IV–33, V–8, VI–11, VI–15, VII–2, VII–5, VII–7, VII–2, VII–7, VII–11Value Engineering, I–10, IV–28, VII–7Violation, III–1, IV–13, IV–14, IV–16, VII–7, VII–4Wage, IV–13, IV–14, IV–24, IV–28, VI–7, A–1, A–2, VII–5, VII–7Wage and Hour, IV–13, IV–14, IV–28, A–1, A–2, VII–5Waiver, I–1, I–3, IV–29, V–2, V–4, See also, ExceptionWater, IV–17, A–2, VII–5, VII–1, VII–4Waterfowl, IV–17, A–3, A–5, VII–5Web site, I–2, I–12, I–14, II–5, III–6, III–7, IV–5, IV–17, IV–34, V–4, V–8, VI–20, VI–22Wheelchair, II–5Wheelchair Lift, II–5Wildlife, IV–17, A–3, A–5, VII–5 ................
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