Summer Science Lesson: States of Matter
Summer Science Lesson Plan: States of Matter
Overview/Motivation:
• Reveal to the students what the already know about the states of matter
• Show them that not all things are solids, liquids, and gases
Materials:
• Materials for making slime
o Borax/Water Mixture
o Water
o Glue
o Bowls to mix in
o Spoons for stirring
o Food Coloring
o Newspaper (pick up a few free newspapers from the T stop)
o Ziplock bags to keep slime in at end
Goals:
• Students should leave with a basic understanding of the states of matter and things in each state they see every day
• They should know that not all things are solids, liquids, and gases
Vocabulary:
• Solid
o Properties: hard, holds its own shape without a container
• Liquid
o Non-compressible, molds to shape of its container, maintains constant volume
• Gas
o Compressible, expands to fill its container
Introduction:
• Ask the kids if they know the 3 main states of matter
• List them on the board
• Ask for characteristics of each (list)
• Fill in any that they miss
• Give examples from everyday life
o “What kind of matter is this desk?”
o “What is the air we're breathing?”
o Walk over to window: “What about this window?”
▪ Trick question! It's a liquid! Glass is actually a very slow-moving liquid. If you look at old windows, they are thicker at the bottom than the top, proof of the liquid character of glass.
▪ Say that if you go up to a very old window, you can see it's sunk a bit toward the bottom
• Ask for examples of each state of matter from everyday life (list)
• Tell them we are going to make something that will test their knowledge
Demonstration:
• Tell the kids we are going to make something cool that will make them think about the states of matter
o Making the slime:
▪ Mix 1/8 cup (1/4 of the small plastic cup) glue with 1/8 cup water and put in the bowl
▪ Stir to mix the water and glue
▪ Add a drop or two of food coloring to color
▪ Pour the saturated borax solution into the bowl while the student stirs until all of the glue has become slime
▪ Let the kid pick up the slime out of the bowl (it will be wet)
▪ As the kid plays with the goop, it will take on slime consistency (water needs to drip/evaporate off)
• Should have slime
Discussion:
• Ask the kids what they think the slime is (solid, liquid, gas)
• Talk about the fact that not all things are solids, liquids, or gases, that there are some things in between with characteristics of multiple states
• Talk about Jello, the slime, etc
• Talk about how temperature causes phase change:
o Ice -> Water -> Steam
▪ Ask the kids if they know the temperatures
▪ Melting: 0 degrees Celsius, 32 degrees Fahrenheit
▪ Evaporation: 100 degrees Celsius, 212 degrees Fahrenheit
o Metal
▪ Gold melts at 1800 degrees F!
o Rocks -> Lava
▪ Lava is around 2200 degrees F!
o Name a metal that is a liquid at room temperature
▪ Mercury (used to be used in thermometers)
• Thermal expansion
o Matter expands when it gets very hot or very cold
o Ever put a can of soda in the freezer? (kids: do not try this at home)
o Ice cubes are usually bigger than the water you put in there originally
o Cracks in sidewalks are there to allow for thermal expansion
• What is the hardest solid?
o Diamonds (well, they recently invented something stronger)
o Spider silk is among the toughest solids known to man based on weight. It has been estimated that a sting of the silk spiders use in making their webs that is as thick as a pencil could stop a Boeing 747 jet (we just think it's soft to the touch)
• Random facts
o If you put a cup of hot coffee and of cold water in the freezer at the same time, which will freeze first?
▪ Answer: they'll both freeze at the same time, because the heat will transfer to the other cup (think MC-delta-T)
Q/A:
• See if they have any questions
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