Stages of Change and Motivational Interviewing
Stages of Change and Motivational Interviewing
|Client’s Stage of Change |Description of Stage |Motivational Interviewing Steps |
|Pre-contemplation |Person is not yet considering a change or is unwilling |Establish rapport, ask permission and build trust |
| |or unable to change. |Raise doubts or concerns in behavior to help develop an awareness |
| | |of consequences |
| | |Developing discrepancy between present behavior and important |
| | |goals motivate change. |
|Contemplation |Person acknowledges concerns, and is considering |Help person “tip the decisional balance scales” toward change. |
| |possibility of change, but is ambivalent, uncertain, and|Ambivalence is normal and acceptance by expressing empathy |
| |even resistant. |facilitates change. |
| | |Skillful reflective listening is essential. |
| | |Explore ambivalence to help remove obstacles. Use OARS skills. |
| | |Roll with resistance – perceptions can be shifted and new |
| | |perspectives are invited, but not imposed; client is valuable |
| | |resource in finding solutions to problems. |
| | |Client should present arguments for change. |
|Preparation |Person is committed to, and planning to make a change in|Recognize change talk (DARN-CT) |
| |the near future. |Elicit self-motivating statements or change talk. |
| |However, person is still considering what to do and |Reinforce or respond to change talk by using OARS to help person |
| |can’t do it alone. |develop concrete plans and encourage motivation / commitment |
| | |already present. |
| | |Clarify client’s goals and strategies for change. |
| | |Negotiate action plan for change |
|Action |Person is actively taking steps to modify behaviors and |Support self-efficacy or the belief and confidence in the |
| |is making required life-style changes, often with mix of|possibility of making change. |
| |confidence and anxiety. Change has not yet reached a |Support realistic view of change through small steps. Client is |
| |stable state. |responsible for choosing from a range of alternative approaches |
| | |available, and for carrying out change strategies. |
| | |Help client identify “risk situations, and develop appropriate |
| | |coping strategies to overcome these. |
|Maintenance |Person has achieved initial goals and has sustained |Help client continue and adapt action plans. |
| |change for minimum of 6 months. Now working to maintain |Help client build strategies for coping with risk situations and |
| |goals. |avoiding relapse. |
|Relapse |Person has experienced a relapse and must now cope with |Help client reenter the change cycle and praise willingness to |
| |consequences, and decide what to do next. |reconsider positive change. |
| | |Knowing factors which may trigger relapse serves as useful |
| | |information for future change attempts. |
| | |Assist person in finding alternative to coping strategies / |
| | |behaviors. |
Adapted from p. 37 of the Florida What Works Initiative
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