Cells Study Guide - Weebly



4267200901703.3.1: Interpret how DNA is used for comparison and identification of multicellular organisms.1. What is the function of a restriction enzyme?Use this picture to answer the following questions.2. What is the name of this form of scientific text? 3. How do you read this type of scientific text?4. Complete the chart by numbering the steps in order of the correct sequence to create a DNA fingerprint.SEQUENCE(BY NUMBER)STEPS OF CREATING A GELThe X-ray film is developed, giving us the DNA fingerprint. It can now be compared to known samples or suspects.The DNA sample is loaded into the gel apparatus using a micropipettor. A small amount is placed into the wells. A known sample may also be loaded for comparison.DNA must be separated into fragments using a restriction enzyme. The restriction enzyme will “cut” the DNA into pieces, based on that particular DNA’s code. Some pieces will be short, and some will be long.The DNA must be separated into fragments using a restriction enzyme. The restriction enzyme will “cut” the DNA into pieces, based on that particular DNA’s code. Some pieces will be short, and some will be long.The power source is turned on so that electrophoresis can occur. The electric current pulls the slightly negative DNA fragments through the gel. The fragments will be distributed throughout the gel based on their lengths.5. Which two species are the most closely related? How do you know?6. Why is gel electrophoresis used? What is its purpose? (Provide at least two examples)7. What is the difference between a gel electrophoresis and a karyotype?3.3.2: Summarize how transgenic organisms are engineered to benefit society.1. In general, how do scientists create a transgenic organism?2. Complete the chart.APPLICATIONMedicineAgricultureIndustryTransgenic AnimalsTransgenic PlantsTransgenic Microorganisms3. Define “recombinant DNA.”Use the diagram below to help you visualize the process of transformation and answer the following questions.1285875895354. What is another term that is used when discussing recombinant DNA technology?5. Complete the chart.APPLICATIONCOULD POSSIBLY BE TREATED or PRODUCED BY RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY?YES or NOvaccines in bananas or soybeanssickle cell anemianondisjunction (i.e. Down’s Syndrome)Parkinson’s Diseaseinactivating cancer tumorsinsulin productioncystic fibrosis6. Explain why gene therapy could possibly be used to treat someone genetically predisposed to leukemia (cancer of the bone marrow), but not someone that has Down’s syndrome (a chromosomal abnormality)?7. Place the following steps of bacterial transformation in the correct sequence.SEQUENCE(BY NUMBER)STEPS OF BACTERIAL TRANSFORMATIONInsert foreign DNA into bacterial plasmid using restriction enzymes and DNA ligaseUse selected cells to produce the productIsolate gene of interest from healthy donorSelect the bacterial cells that have the plasmid (ex. using antibiotic selection)Insert recombinant DNA into bacteria (ex. using heat shock) so bacteria can take in plasmid3.3.3: Evaluate some of the ethical issues surrounding the use of DNA technology (including cloning, genetically modified organisms, stem cell research, and Human Genome Project)1. What was the goal of the Human Genome Project and has the project been completed?2. List at least three potential valuable outcomes of the Human Genome Project.104775349253. Evaluate current gene therapy research in treating Severe Combined Immunodeficiency syndrome. Who was the “Bubble Boy?”18288001327154. What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis? Evaluate current gene therapy research in treating cystic fibrosis.247650-38105. What is cloning?6. List one possible advantage of cloning and one possible disadvantage.ADVANTAGE – DISADVANTAGE - 6. Write the correct step in the correct box on the diagram:get clone of sheep Xremove DNA from unfertilized eggimplant fertilized egg with donor DNA in surrogate motherremove DNA from healthy cell in sheep Xfuse DNA from sheep X into unfertilized egg 1304925704857. Complete the chart by describing at least one ethical implication associated with each application of DNA technology.DNA TECHNOLOGYETHICAL IMPLICATIONCloningGMOs (Gentically Modified Organisms)Stem Cell Research1.1.3: Explain how instructions in DNA lead to cell differentiation and result in cells specialized to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms.10477593980 1. Use the diagram to the left to list the following terms in order from largest to smallest: tissue, organ system, organism, cell, organ2. List 2 factors that lead to the differentiation of cells.3. Define a stem cell.4. Complete the chart to compare adult vs. embryonic stem cells.ADULT STEM CELLSADULT & EMBRYONIC STEM CELLSEMBRYONIC STEM CELLS5. Using the diagram of cell differentiation provided, write a brief paragraph with the following features:3314700100330Topic Sentence (HINT: Use this sentence – An organism could have multiple types of stem cells.)Claim 1 about stem cellsEvidence from diagram to support claim 1Claim 2 about stem cellsEvidence from diagram to support claim 2Final sentence stating reason stem cells do what they do! (HINT: Use this sentence – Scientists have recently demonstrated that stem cells, both embryonic and adult, with the right laboratory conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.)Write your complete paragraph in the space below.Rewind Your Mind1. Complete the chart.MacromoleculeMonomerBasic ShapeElements/Atomscarbohydrateglycerol & fatty acidsamino acids fold to form 3 dimensional shapesCHONP2. Complete the chart.Phase# of Cells Present:(1 or 2)Are Chromosomes Replicated or Unreplicated?# of Chromosomes Present:(N or 2N or 4N)G1SG2ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase & Cytokinesis46672502762253. Identify the picture as sexual or asexual reproduction. Tell why you identified it this way.4. What three phases of the cell cycle are considered interphase? Where do cells spend the most amount of time?5. In what types of cells does mitosis take place?43910252819406. Identify and label the structure to the right. What is its function? 7. Complete the ANELLEFUNCTIONNucleusRibosomeCell membraneCytoplasmvacuolemitochondriachloroplastcell wall ................
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