Chapter 2 Guiding Questions - Bio Rocks



|Chapter 6 Guiding Questions + Test Study Guide |Name: |

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|Introduction |

|What are the differences between fast and slow muscle fibers? |

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|Module 6.1 |

|Why is breathing necessary? |

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|Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration. |

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|Module 6.2 |

|How much energy from glucose is turned into ATP? |

|Where does some of the energy from glucose go? |

|Module 6.5 |

|What is NAD+’s role in cellular respiration? |

|Fill in and label the graphic below. Include the function/role of each part of the reactions. |

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|Module 6.6 |

|Explain what happens after NADH drops off its electrons. Why is this able to occur? What is the last step? |

|[pic] |

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|Module 6.7 |

|Describe how chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation) works. |

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|How does the structural connection of ATP synthase and molecules in the electron transport chain drive the production of ATP? |

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|How is the idea of diffusion involved in chemiosmosis? |

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|Describe the process of substrate-level phosphorylation. |

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|What are the three main stages of cellular respiration? Where does each stage occur? Which stages produce ATP? Where does each stage derive ATP synthesizing energy|

|(substrate level or chemiosmosis? Fill in the following chart. (7 pts.) |

|[pic] |

|Modules 6.9 and 6.10 |

|Label all of the parts in the diagram below. Include a list of steps (try not to copy the book, make them short and easy to remember.) |

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|Using the image to the left, fill in the chart below (10 pts.) |

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|[pic] |

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|Module 6.10 |

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|Module 6.11 |

|Summarize the steps of the Krebs Cycle. (10 pts.) |

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|[pic] |

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|Each turn of the Krebs Cycle makes how many ATP molecules? NADH? FADH2? |

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|What is the overall yield of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 per glucose molecule in the Krebs cycle? Why is this amount different from the previous question? |

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|Module 6.12 |

|Where exactly does chemiosmosis occur? |

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|Outline the steps of the electron transport chain. |

|[pic] |

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|How would suffocation affect the electron transport chain? |

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|(9 points) |

|[pic] |

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|Module 6.13 |

|Give two examples of how poisons can disrupt the electron transport chain. (Fill in chart 6 points) |

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|Module 6.14 |

|What is aerobic respiration? |

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|How many ATP molecules can be synthesized per glucose molecule? How was this number derived?Fill in following chart (6 pts.) |

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|[pic] |

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|Module 6.15 |

|How do yeasts replenish their supply of NAD+ without O2? |

|Compare and contrast lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation. * TQ – compare and contrast AF and LAF |

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|[pic] |

(6 points)

[pic]

Module 6.16 Biosynthesis

Fill in the two charts (10 pts.)

[pic][pic]

All of these should be based on your GQ’s or from the book.

* TQ – know locations of all stages of CR and Fermentation, and processes (aerobic, anaerobic, SLP, OP)

* TQ – know all the percentages given in the text, 100%, 75%, 40%, 25% and what they relate to (2)

* TQ – Identify the two main enzymes discussed and their jobs (ignore the enzymes in glycolysis/Kreb’s pathways)

* TQ – prokaryotic CR occurs where?

* TQ – difference between two types of bacteria for fermentation

* TQ – know products of glycolysis

* TQ – Evolutionary significance of glycolysis

* TQ – locations of CR, Fermentation, – include cell type, processes, organelles involved, names of stages and order

* TQ – how ATP used in glycolysis, endergonic vs exergonic, end products, SLP or OP

* TQ – NADH when reduced/oxidized, enzyme required

* TQ – what occurs during OP (oxidative phosphorylation/chemiosmosis)

* TQ – understand direction of H+’s, reactants and products, how ATP actually forms

* TQ – in terms of ATP production, what is the difference in % for what OP and SLP is responsible for

* TQ – when are OP and SLP used in CR (what stages)

* TQ – what occurs during SLP

* TQ – location of pyruvic grooming

* TQ – Intermediate stage - what actually is occuring here (2) – know reactants and products

* TQ –Kreb’s location

* TQ –Kreb’sreactants and products

* TQ –know when H+ go against gradient and with gradient (2)/ ETC

Mitochondria pathways

* TQ – one of the following pathways, know the effects

* TQ – what is the effect of stopping the gradient

* TQ – what happens if ATP synthase compromised

* TQ – cause and effect if inner or outer membrane of mitochondria compromised. How does each affect each stages

* TQ – know reactants and products of both LAF and AF (3)

* TQ – actual metabolic function of fermentation

* TQ – in terms of ATP value, how much is NADH and FADH2 worth AND why are they different

* TQ – what is the role of O2

* TQ – where does CO2 come from in CR

* TQ – account for where does all the ATP come from, stage by stage (2)

* TQ – For CR, when are aerobic conditions

* TQ – How does the energy in glucose literally get carried? Hint – you are constantly breaking and building something, and the something is based on? (Ch. 2)

Biosynthesis

* TQ – which macromolecule supplies most energy if given same amount.

* TQ – know how each macromolecule individually leads to getting energy

* TQ – for cellular respiration equation, what is oxidized/reduced

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