Cellular Respiration Review - KEY Name Date Pd

Cellular Respiration Review - KEY

Name _______________________________ Date ________________ Pd ______

Read Chapters 4.4 ? 4.6 to review for the test. Review all notes.

Vocabulary Circle the word or phrase that best completes the statement. 4.4

1. Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present.

2. Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process, because it needs oxygen to take place. 3. Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. 4. During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is split into two three-carbon molecules and two ATP

are formed. 4.6

5. The term fermentation is based on a word that means "to bubble." This meaning is related to the fermentation process, because bubbles of carbon dioxide are produced during alcoholic fermentation.

6. Lactic acid is the three-carbon waste product of lactic acid fermentation. It causes a burning feeling in your muscles vessels during exercise

Fill in the blank.

4.4

7. The prefix glyco- comes from a Greek word that means "sweet." The suffix -lysis comes from a Greek word that means "to loosen." Therefore, during glycolysis, a sugar is broken down (or "loosened").

8. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, because it takes place without oxygen. 9. During the Krebs cycle, chemical reactions breakdown carbon-based molecules.

4.6

10. Fermentation is important, because it allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable for cellular respiration.

11. Fermentation removes electrons from NADH and recycles NAD+ to glycolysis. 12. Fermentation takes place in your muscle cells during hard exercise, when not enough oxygen is

available. 13. Fermentation is an anaerobic process, because it occurs without oxygen.

14. Fermentation is involved in the production of ATP by allowing glycolysis to take place. Glycolysis yields two net ATP.

Complete the following.

15. Circle the two ways in which cellular respiration seems to be the opposite of photosynthesis. a. The reactions occur at either end of the chloroplast. b. The overall chemical equations are the reverse of each other. c. Cellular respiration breaks down sugars to make ATP, and photosynthesis uses ATP to make sugars. d. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, and photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide.

16. Circle the two parts of a mitochondrion where cellular respiration takes place. a. matrix b stroma c. inner mitochondrial membrane d. outer mitochondrial membrane

17. The overall process of cellular respiration can be written as a chemical equation. Fill in the blanks in the equation below using the appropriate compound from the box.

6O2

6CO2

6H2O

C6H12O6

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

18. The two reactants in the cellular respiration equation are C6H12O6 and 6O2 19. The two products in the cellular respiration equation are 6CO2 and 6H2O.

20. Name one commercial use of lactic acid fermentation. Cheese, yogurt 21. Name one commercial use of alcoholic fermentation. bread

22. Why is the cellular respiration equation written with several arrows? a. Because a series of products result from the reaction. b. Because a series of reactants enter into the reaction. c. Because a series of chemicals is added to the process. d. Because a series of chemical reactions occur. D

Diagrams

23. Use the space below to sketch a mitochondrion. Label the mitochondria, matrix and inner membrane. Indicate where each of the following steps of the cellular respiration process occurs. a. Energized electrons are passed along the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. b. Energy is transferred to the second stage of cellular respiration (the electron transport chain). c. A large number of ATP are formed. Oxygen picks up electrons, and water is released as a waste product. d. Three-carbon molecules enter the Krebs cycle and are broken down. ATP and other energycarrying molecules are formed. Carbon dioxide is released as a waste product.

Cellular Respiration

D

matrix

B

C A

24. In the space below, draw the process of lactic acid fermentation and label it with the statements listed. ORDER: D, B, C, A

a. NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis. b. NADH is used to convert pyruvate into lactic acid. c. NADH is changed into NAD+. d. Pyruvate and glycolysis enter fermentation.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

25. In the space below, draw the process of alcoholic fermentation and label it with the statements listed. ORDER: C, A, D, B

a. NADH is used to convert pyruvate into alcohol and carbon dioxide. b. NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis. c. Pyruvate and glycolysis enter fermentation. d. NADH is changed into NAD+ .

Alcoholic Fermentation

26. Place a check mark in the appropriate boxes below to show how lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation are similar and how they are different.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Uses pyruvate and NADH

Recycles NAD+ to glycolysis

Produces lactic acid

X

Produces alcohol and carbon dioxide

Alcoholic Fermentation Both

X X

X

27. Using your notes, complete the following.

Aerobic

Anaerobic ATP

oxygen

Energy

Glucose

Glycolysis

Cellular respiration Mitochondria

Cytoplasm NADH

Organisms obtain energy in a process called (a) cellular respiration. This process harvests electrons from carbon compounds, such as (b)glucose, and uses that energy to make (c)ATP. ATP is used to provide (d)energy for cells to do work. In (e)_glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate. Glycolysis is a(n) (f)anaerobic process because it does not require oxygen. Glycolysis takes place in the (g)cytoplasm. Two molecules of ATP and two molecules of (h)NADH are formed for every glucose molecules that is broken down. (i) Aerobic respiration takes place in the (j) mitochondria. It is aerobic because the process requires (k)oxygen.

K. How many ATP molecules are produced from the glycolysis of one six-carbon glucose? 2

L. Why is there a net gain of two ATP molecules in the glycolysis of one six-carbon glucose?

Some of the ATP is used to fuel the reaction

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