HL Biology Year One - Commack Schools



364490779780Seven QuestTopic: HL Biology Year One HL Biology Year One00Seven QuestTopic: HL Biology Year One HL Biology Year OneDigestion System Introduction Crash Course Digestive System, Part 1List the six main steps of the digestive system (1:54)What are enzymes used for (2:53)What are monomers and provide the 4 types (3:40)What is one thing that may be done with the energy obtained for the absorption of nutrients? (8:40)6.1 S.1 Production of an annotated diagram of the digestive system. 1. After watching animation: Organs of Digestion Hyperlink on slide 4, what is the one-way movement of the Bolus called? 2. Label and annotate the diagram below. (Slide 7)6.1 U.3 Enzymes digest most macromolecules in food into monomers in the small intestine. 3. Most food molecules start as large molecules called polymers, why are they broken down? (Slide 8)4. What are three ways food is broken down during the digestive process? (Slide 8)What is the role of enzymes in the digestive process? (Slide 9)6. Fill in the chart below that explains the substrate (material broken down), the source of the enzyme, and the optimum pH for that enzyme. (Slides 10-13)Digestive EnzymesEnzymeSalivary amylasePepsinLipaseSourceSubstratepH6.1 U.3 Enzymes digest most macromolecules in food into monomers in the small intestine. Identify the enzyme and the macromolecule broken down in each location of the digestive tract (Slide 10)LocationCarbohydratesProteinsFatsMouthNo DigestionNo DigestionStomachNo DigestionNo DigestionSmall Intestine (lumen)Small Intestine (Epithelium cells)No Digestion6.1 U.1. The contraction of circular and longitudinal muscle of the small intestine mixes the food with enzymes and moves it along the gut. 8. What are the two main functions of peristalsis? (Slide 16)9. Draw a quick sketch of peristalsis from the animation on slide 16 below6.1 U.4 Villi increase the surface area of epithelium over which absorption is carried out. The small intestine is made up of many finger-like projections called villi. (Slide 19)Label the structures of the villus below. Explain how the structure of the villus is related to its role in absorption and transport of the products of digestion. Visible structuresFunction/ effecta.b.c.d.6.1 S.2 Identification of tissue layers in transverse sections of the small intestine viewed with a microscope or in a micrograph. Label the cross section of the small intestine (Slide 20)Digestion System Introduction Crash Course Digestive System, Part 1 (5:20-6:02)The small intestine contains four distinct tissue layers from the lumen list them and their function. (Slide 20)Visible structuresFunction/ effect1.2.3.4.6.1 U.2 The pancreas secretes enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine13. Identify three enzymes produced in the pancreas and the organic compound each breaks down. What conditions do these enzymes work best in acidic or alkaline conditions (Slide 21)? 6.1 A.1 Processes occurring in the small intestine that result in the digestion of starch and transport of the products of digestion to the liver. One of the many jobs is to emulsify fats. Describe emulsification. (Slide 23)Outline the steps of glucose conversion in the liver. (Slide 24)6.1 U.5 Villi absorb monomers formed by digestion as well as mineral ions and vitamins. 6.1 U.6 Different methods of membrane transport are required to absorb different nutrients. Method of TransportNutrientsOutlineSimple DiffusionLipidsFacilitated DiffusionWater-soluble (hydrophilic) molecules use channel proteins to pass phospholipid bilayerand enter the epithelial cells (down the concentration gradient)Active TransportGlucose, amino acids and mineral ionsEndocytosis (pinocytosis)Antibodies from breast milkThe plasma membrane folds inward to form vesicles to absorb larger molecules without digesting themDistinguish between absorption and assimilation. (Slides 28-29) Digestion System Part 2: Crash CourseDescribe U.S Army surgeon William Beaumont’s patient and the discoveries made from him about the stomach. (1:30)What are the (4) roles of the stomach? (2:16)What is the ball of food created in your mouth called? (3:45) ................
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