ENVIRONMENTS FOR ELDERLY - Cornell University



ENVIRONMENTS FOR ELDERS

Housing & Design for an Aging Population

DEA 472 Nancy M. Wells

Spring 2007 Mon, Wed, Friday 12:20 – 1:10 MVR Room 155 nmw2 254-6330, MVR E220

OBJECTIVES

• Break your own stereotypes of “the elderly”

• Become familiar with the physical and sensory challenges of late life

• Become acquainted with elders in our community

• Gain insight & sensitivity regarding appropriate design solutions for older adults

• Learn about innovative housing options for late life

• Envision new models of physical environments for elders of the future

• Join intergenerational teams to improve local environments for elders

Fay Gillis Wells, 1920’s pilot

OVERVIEW

This course is rooted in environmental psychology, human factors/ ergonomics, and gerontology. DEA 472 provides an opportunity to learn about older adults and their housing needs & options. Through discussion, lecture, readings, site visits, guest panels and speakers, and personal contact with elders, students learn about the social, cognitive, and physiological needs of older adults, as well as the design implications of those needs. You will gain knowledge about the range of housing types available to older adults and begin to envision the future of elder housing.

Service learning is an important component of the course. In addition to 15 required hours of elder-related service learning in the community. In addition, the LEAP project (see below) involves service learning.

REQUIREMENTS -- The course requirements are outlined below:

Discussion Leadership, Mini- Assignments & Class Participation throughout semester 15%

In addition to preparing for class, students will periodically be asked to summarize articles, help lead discussion, and present information to the class. Because this is a small class your participation and involvement is critical. Occasional, short mini-assignments will also be required.

Elder- Friendly Design Evaluation 20%

CHOOSE: A) Restaurant Evaluation OR B) Grocery Store Evaluation due Thursday March 8 @ 5pm

Evaluate either TWO restaurants OR TWO grocery stores in terms of design for older adults. Both options will allow you to interact with elders and apply your knowledge of sensory and physiological changes and human factors / ergonomics to an environment for elders. (see handout).

Living Environments Aging Partnership (LEAP) Project (Interim report due Tues April 10) due Thursday May 3 5:00 25%

DEA 472 is part of L E A P … Living Environments Aging Partnership, a program that creates opportunities for students to engage in elder-related service learning and involves community elders in Cornell classes. Through LEAP, older adults will join our class for several sessions. Students and elder community consultants will form intergenerational community design planning teams to improve a local environment for elders. Final products are: improved environment and a poster describing process, research-basis, and final product (provide poster as hardcopy and electronically)

Three Site Visit Reports ( ~4-5 pages each) due within 1 week of each site visit 15%

Please write site visit reports for three of the facilities that we visit. You may choose the three. Each report should be about 5 pages long. Include: 1.) Your observations, reactions and impressions of the place 2.) A critique of the physical environment including pros and cons and 3.) the application of three concepts or theories from readings / lecture, etc.

Quizzes 10%

There will be occasional (approximately 2 – 4 total) pre-announced quizzes.

Service Learning - throughout semester log & reflective journal due Thursday May 10 15%

A minimum of 15 service learning hours with elders is required, in addition to time spent on LEAP. You may choose to join weekly trips to Lakeside Nursing Home though Cornell’s Elderly Partnership (CEP), be matched to visit a local elder through the Tompkins County Office for the Aging or avail yourself of another opportunity. Keep a journal of your activities as well as your reflections or insights throughout the semester. I will ask you to periodically hand-in your log and journal. Finally, summarize + reflect on experiences. Hand-in both your log and journal (including summary).

Contacts / Ideas for Service Learning Hours

Office for the Aging, Trina Schickel, 274-5491,

Through the Tompkins County Office for the Aging, you can be matched with an elder in the community to visit weekly, provide respite for a caregiver, help with light housekeeping, or assist with errands. Typically, a visitor commits to 1-2 hours per week. Contact Trina Schickel for more information. You will need to meet with her and provide one reference.

Bridges of Cornell Heights, Theresa Nix, 257-5777, TNix@

Bridges is an innovative, upscale, relatively small scale facility in a residential setting. Located at 403 Wyckoff Road, Bridges is very walkable from the Cornell Campus. Contact Theresa Nix to identify ways that you might contribute to the quality of life of Bridges’ residents by visiting during meals, reading to residents, joining group outings, etc.

Cornell Elderly Partnership (CEP), Public Service Center (PSC) pscelderly@cornell.edu

The CEP typically coordinates weekly trips to visit elders in local nursing homes. The CEP often (~weekly) visits residents of Lakeside Nursing Home where they visit, read, garden, or create crafts and projects.

Lakeside Nursing Home, Suzanne Bakert, 273-8072

In addition to visiting Lakeside Nursing Home residents with the Cornell Elderly Partnership, you may choose to independently make arrangements to visit residents. Contact Suzanne Bakert to identify roles you might full. Lakeside is at 1229 Trumansburg Road (follow signs to the hospital) on the West side of the Lake. TCAT bus #21 goes to Lakeside.

Beechtree Care Center (formerly The Reconstruction Home), Beth Pittman, 273-4166

Beechtree is another local nursing home that welcomes volunteers. Located at 318 S. Albany Street, Beechtree is an easy walk from the Ithaca Commons.

READINGS:

On Electronic Reserve: Coursepack

[R] On Reserve in Mann Library & in DEA Resource Room:

Friedan, B. (1993). The Fountain of Age. New York: Simon & Schuster.

ON-LINE RESOURCES: See course website for more…

1. Elders Health and the Built Environment Centers for Disease Control and Prevention



2. The Institute on Aging and Environment at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Architecture and Urban Planning

() Promotes research, scholarship

3. Environmental Geriatrics Weill Cornell Medical

4. Home Modifications

Week 1 INTRODUCTION – Who are Older Adults?

(M) January 22 “Environments” and “Elderly”

Tues (Optional, FYI) Guest Lecture: Health, Aging, and the Built Environment

Habib Chaudhury, Ph.D. 4:30 – 6:00 MVR 157

(W) January 24 Images, Stereotypes, Stigmas

What is your “Aging IQ”? Wilhelmina Pier, Age 109

[R] Friedan, B. (1993). The Fountain of Age. New York: Simon & Schuster. Chapter 1: Denial and the "problem" of age. pp. 35-70.

Nelson, T.D. (2005). Ageism: Prejudice against our feared future self. Journal of Social Issues, 61 (2), 207 – 221. [Read 207 – 214; peruse 215 - 218 ]

Optional Readings:

Special Issue on Ageism. (2005). Journal of Social Issues, 61 (2)

Waskel, S.A., Dubes, M. and Reviere, R. (1997). Black and white college students’ choices of descriptors for older women and older women relatives. Journal of Women & Aging, 9, (1-2), 165-175.

(F) January 26 Service Learning / LEAP Intro – Soliciting community project ideas

Seperson, S.B. (2002). Student, Teaching, Mentor and the Service-Learning Classroom Experience. Pp.73 – 83, Chapter 8. In: Seperson, S.B. and Hegeman, C. (Eds.) (2002). Elder care and service learning. Westport, CT: Auburn House.

Week 2

M Jan 29 Mini Assignment DUE – “THE FUTURE YOU” in class

(M) January 29 Environmental Geriatrics (Introduction and Tutorial)

Mitka, M. (2001). Home Modifications to make older lives easier. Journal of the American Medical Association, 286, (14), 1699 - 1700

In-class introduction to the Environmental Geratrics on-line training course by Rosemary Bakker at Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York City. The training is oriented toward physicians but has wide applicability. Later, I will assign modules from this training course.

(W) January 31 GUEST SPEAKER Brad Edmondson - Demographics of Old Age

Edmondson, B. (2005). Trends. The Milken Institute Review. (Fourth Quarter 2005). 8 – 12.

Seperson, S.B. (2002). Demographics about Aging Chapter 4 In: Seperson, S.B. and Hegeman, C. (Eds.) (2002). Elder care and service learning. Westport, CT: Auburn House.

Optional Readings:

Administration on Aging. U.S. Dept of Health & Human Services. A profile of older Americans 2005.

(F) February 2 Begin Service Learning – NO CLASS

Week 3 Physiological Issues: Anthropometrics and Ergonomics

(M) February 5

Torrens, G., McDonagh-Philip, D. & Newman, A. (2001). Getting a grip. Ergonomics in Design, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. pp. 7-13.

Kroemer, K.H.E. (1997). Anthropometry and biomechanics. (Ch. 5) In: A.D. Fisk and W.A. Rogers (Eds.) Handbook of Human Factors and the Older Adult. NY: Academic Press. pp. 87-124.

Faletti, M.V. (1984). Human factors research and functional environments, Chapter 7. In: I. Altman, M.P. Lawton, and J.F. Wohlwill (Eds.) Elderly People and the Environment. Vol 7. Human Behavior and Environment: Advances in Theory and Research. New York: Plenum. Excerpt pp. 220-231.

Kiyota, E. (no date). My life as a nursing home resident.

Optional Readings:

Schieber, F., J.L. Fozard, S. Gordon-Salant, J.M. Weiffenbach (1991). Optimizing sensation and perception in older adults. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 7, 133-162.

Czaja, S. (1990). Human factors research needs for an aging population. Chapter 2: Human factors problems associated with aging. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press. Excerpt: pp. 7-13 and 31-42.

(W) February 7

[ In-class Ergonomics Assessment]

Harootyan, R.A. (1993). Aging, functional abilities, and life-span design. Proceedings of Life-Span Design for Residential Environments for an Aging Population. Washington D.C.:AARP. pp. 29-38 (also available at )

Environmental Geratrics Module 1: Aging, Environment + Excess Disability

(F) February 9 SITE VISIT – Bridges, Cornell Heights

Week 4 Access, Usability and Universal Design

(M) February 12

Mace, R.L. (1999). Barrier-Free Design. In: van Vliet, W. (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Housing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Pp. 29-30

Mace, R.L. (1991). The Accessible Housing Design File. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold (Barrier Free Environments Inc.), excerpts: pp. 48, 49, 52, 53, 134-137.

Optional Readings:

Grayson, P.J. (1991). Chapter 7, the best of design for the elderly, pp. 121-154. In: Preiser, W. et al. (Eds.). Design Intervention. NY: van Nostrand Reinhold.

Leibrock, C. (1993). Beautiful and Barrier-free: a visual guide to accessibility. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

(W) February 14 GUEST SPEAKER Larry Roberts, Finger Lakes Independence Center

Mace, R.L., Hardie, G.J., and Place, J.P. (1991). Chapter 8: Accessible Environments: toward universal design. In: Preiser, W. et al., (Eds.). Design Intervention. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 155-176.

(F) February 16 DISCUSSION – Service Learning Progress/ Reflection

Ladrigan, P.M. and DiCarlo, R.H. (2002). Service learning and the art of reflective journaling. Pp. 84-91. Chapter 9. In: Seperson, S.B. and Hegeman, C. (Eds.) (2002). Elder care and service learning. Westport, CT: Auburn House.

Week 5 Sensory Changes and Design Implications

(M) February 19 Vision Changes in Late Life

Sanders, M.S. & E.J. McCormick (1987). Human Factors in Engineering and Design. New York: McGraw Hill Publishing. Excerpts: “Process of Seeing” pp. 79-85; “Lighting and Elderly” pp. 416-418.

Koncelik, J. (1977). Human factors and environmental design for aging: Physiological changes, sensory loss and design criteria. In: Environmental Context of Aging. T. Byerts, S. Howell, and L. Pastalan (Eds.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 107-117.

(W) February 21 Sensory Change and Design Intervention

Environmental Geratrics Module 3: Environmental Geriatric Interventions

Fozard, J., F. Schieber, S. Gordon-Salant, and J.M. Weiffenbach (1993). Sensory and perceptual consideration for designing enviroments for the elderly. Proceedings of Life-Span Design for Residential Environments for an Aging Population Washington D.C.: AARP pp. 75-85. (also at

(F) February 23 Service Learning – NO CLASS

Week 6

(M) February 26 – LEAP ELDERS VISIT – review of applications and initial project development

(W) February 28 Hearing Changes in Late Life

Weinstein, B.E. (2003). A primer on hearing loss in the elderly. Generations, 27 (1) pp.15 – 19

Davis, J.L. (2003). Hearing Loss: many elderly not treated. WebMD, October 20, 2003. .

Optional Readings:

Dalton, D.S., Cruickshands, Klein, B.E.K., Kelin, R., Wiley, T.L., and Nondahl, D.M. (2003). The impact of hearing loss on quality of life in older adults. Gerontologist, 43 (5), 661-668.

(F) March 2 SITE VISIT - TBA

Week 7

Mon Mar. 5 - FYI, Optional: ABSTRACT DUE for

STATE SOCIETY ON AGING STUDENT CONFERENCE to be held March 31, Ithaca College

(M) March 5 Introduction to Environmental Gerontology Theory

From these and /or other readings, please prepare to present TWO Aging & Environment Theories to the class. For each theory, describe the theory including key concepts, when it was developed and by whom and discuss how you think the theory is helpful or useful, or not, and provide two examples of how it might be used to describe a specific interaction between an actual older adult and the environment. These readings will introduce you to Aging and Environment Theory as well as some of the key contributors, including Kurt Lewin, M. Powell Lawton, and Rudolph Moos. Some of the key theoretical ideas include Lewin’s B=f(P, E), Lawton’s Competence-Press Model, and the Environmental Docility Hypothesis. In addition, Hill & Gregg present gerontological theory.

Hill, R.D. & Gregg, C. (2002). Older adults in residential care: A population at risk. In: R.D. Hill, B.L. Thorn, J. Bowling & A. Morrison (Eds.) Geriatric Residential Care. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Lawton, M.P. (1998). Environment and Aging: Theory Revisited. Ch. 1. In: R.J. Scheidt and P.G. Windley (Eds.) Environment and Aging Theory: A Focus on Housing. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. excerpt: pp. 1-6

Scheidt. R.J. (1998). The social ecological approach of Rudolph Moos. Ch. 5. In: R.J. Scheidt and P.G. Windley (Eds.) Environment and Aging Theory: A Focus on Housing. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 111-120.

Calkins, M. & G. Weisman (1999). Models for environmental assessment. In: B. Schwarz & R. Brent (Eds.) Aging, Autonomy and Architecture: Advances in Assisted Living. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 130-139.

Optional Reading:

Goland, S.W. (2003). Conceptualizing time and behavior in environmental gerontology: a pair of old issues deserving new thought. The Gerontologist, 43 (5), 638-648.

Parmalee, P. (1998). Theory and Research in housing for the elderly: The legacy of Kurt Lewin. Ch. 7. In: R.J. Scheidt and P.G. Windley (Eds.) Environment and Aging Theory: A Focus on Housing. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 161-185.

Wahl., H.W. and Weisman, G.D. (2003). Environmental gerontology at the beginning of the new millennium: Reflections on its historical, empirical, and theoretical development. The Gerontologist, 43 (5), 616-627.

(W) March 7 The Role of Familiarity & Personalization

These readings explore the relevance of familiarity and personalization. The Kaplan & Kaplan excerpt describes a tension between preferring the familiar and desiring variety. Note the preferences matrices presented in Tables 4.1 and 4.2. While these concepts might most readily be applied to cognitive mapping and wayfinding, could they also be relevant to environments for elderly more generally? Hunt provides some insight as to how familiarity might ease relocation. How would you characterize the relationship between familiarity and personalization? Do you think the relationship between familiarity and preference changes over the life course?

Kaplan, S. & Kaplan, R. (1989). Cognition and Environment. Ann Arbor, MI: Ulrich’s. pp. 77-88.

Hunt, M.E. (1993). Environmental simulation research for an aging society: familiarizing older people with the unknown. In: R. W. Marans and D. Stokols (Eds.) Environmental Simulation: Research and Policy Issues. New York: Plenum Press. pp. 87-112

Küller, R. (1991). Familiar design helps dementia patients cope. In: Preiser, W. et al. (Eds.) Design Intervention: toward a more humane architecture. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Excerpt: pp. 258-260.

Optional Readings:

Hunt, M.E. (1981). Simulated site visits: an environmental learning strategy for older people. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan

Gifford, R. (1997). Environmental Psychology. New York: Allyn & Bacon. Chapter 6: Territoriality, excerpt: "territoriality and environmental design", pp. 136-137.

Thursday March 8 Elder-Friendly Design Evaluation DUE 5:00 pm

(F) March 9 DISCUSSION - Service Learning reflection + LEAP updates

Week 8

(M) March 12 – ELDER CONSULTANTS VISIT – further project development

(W) March 14 The meaning of “home”… Homeyness + Institutionality

Marsden, J. (1997). Assisted living housing for the elderly symbolic and physical properties of homeyness. Chapter 3: homeyness. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. pp. 18-37.

Pastalan, L.A. & Schwarz, B. (1992). The meaning of home and ecogenic housing: A new concept for elderly women. In H.C. Dandekar (Ed.) Shelter, Women and Development: First and Third World Perspectives. Proceedings of an International Conference. May 7-9. 1992. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. pp. 402-407.

Optional Readings:

McCraken, G. (1989). Homeyness: A cultural account of one constellation of consumer goods and meanings. E. Hirschman (Ed.) Interpretative consumer culture (pp. 168-181). Provo, UT: association for consumer research.

Marsden, J.P. & R. Kaplan (1999). Communicating homeyness from the outside: elderly people’s perceptions of assisted living. In: B. Schwarz & R. Brent (Eds.) Aging, Autonomy and Architecture: Advances in Assisted Living. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 207-228.

Pastalan, L.A.& Schwarz, B. (1994). Emergent themes. Journal of Housing for Elderly, 11(1), excerpt, p. 177.

(F) March 16 Service Learning – NO CLASS

Week 9 - SPRING BREAK

Spring Break assignment. Read this article and consider the role of the Medical Model in physical design of long term care settings. If you have not yet visited a nursing home, do so.

Wells, N.M. (unpublished). Is the medical model effective with respect to long term care? Unpublished Manuscript. Excerpt: pp. 1-6.

Week 10 Housing Options

(M) March 26

This set of readings provides an overview of housing options for older adults. The types of facilities described include Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRC), Assisted Living Facilities, ECHO Housing, LORC’s and NORC’s. CCRC’s provide a unique model of living for older adults, with a continuum of care and independence options in one setting. What are the unique design challenges of this setting? To what extent do you agree with the pros and cons presented by Golant (1992)?

Pynoos, J. (1998). Elderly. In: van Vliet, W. (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Housing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. pp. 131-135

Golant, S. (1998). Continuing Care Retirement Communities. In: van Vliet, W. (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Housing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. pp. 86-88

Golant, S. (1998). Assisted Living. In: van Vliet, W. (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Housing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. pp. 25-26

Hare, P.H. (1998). ECHO Housing. In: van Vliet, W. (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Housing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. pp. 129-130

Marans, R. W. (1998). Retirement Communities. In: vanVliet, W. (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Housing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. pp. 489-491

Folts, W.E. & G.F. Streib (1994). Leisure-oriented retirement communities. In W.E. Folts & D.E. Yeatts (Eds.) Housing and the Aging Population: Options for the New Century. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. pp. 121-144.

Golant, S. (1992). Continuing care (life care) retirement facilities: multiple levels of shelter and care. Ch. 11. In: S.M. Golant Housing America’s Elderly: many possibilities/ few choices. Newbury Park: Sage Publications. Pp. 260-285.

Brown, P.L. (2006). Growing old together, in a new kind of commune. February 27, 2006. New York Times.

Durrett, C. (Fall2002). Cohousing:A neighborhood that works.Seniors’ Housing News, 18. 20-21, 25.

Optional Readings:

Masotti, P.J., Fick, R., Johnson-Masotti, A., and MacLeon, S. (2006). Healthy naturally occurring retirement communities: A low-cost approach to facilitating healthy aging. American Journal of Public Health, 96 (7), 1164 - 1170

(W) March 28 Housing Transitions & Relocation in Late Life

Frank, J. (1999) “I live here, but it’s not my home” Residents’ experiences in assisted living. In: B. Schwarz & R. Brent (Eds.) Aging, Autonomy and Architecture: Advances in Assisted Living. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 166-182.

Tobin, S. S. (1996). Cherished possessions: The meaning of things. Generations, pp. 46-48

Oswald, F., Schilling, O., Wahl, H.W. and Gang, K. (2002). Trouble in paradise? Reasons to relocate and objective environmental change among well-off older adults. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 22, 273 – 288.

Erickson, M.A., Krout, J., Ewen, H. and Robison, J. (in press). Should I stay or Should I Go? Moving plans of older adults. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 20 (3).

Optional Readings:

Waldron V.R., et al., (2005). Gender Differences in Social Adaptation to a Retirement Community: Longitudinal Changes and the Role of Mediated Communication. The Journal of Applied Gerontology. 24 (4): 283-298.

Pastalan, L. (1983). Environmental displacement: A literature reflecting old-person-environment transactions. In D. Rowles and R.J. Ohta (Eds.) Aging and Milieu: Environmental Perspectives on Growing Old. New York: Academic Press. pp. 189-203.

Eshelman, P. E. & Evans, G.W. (date). Home again: environmental predictors of place attachment and self-esteem for new retirement community residents. Unpublished manuscript. Cornell University.

[R] Friedan, B. (1993). The Fountain of Age. New York: Simon & Schuster. Chapter 11: To Move or To Stay? pp. 346-380.

Thompson, B. (1989). Preparing elderly people for life in a “home”. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52, 103-104.

(F) March 30 NO CLASS – Attend State Society on Aging Conference SATURDAY

(Sat) March 31 State Society on Aging STUDENT Conference, Ithaca NY

BE SURE TO ATTEND – Keynote speaker: Dr. Bill Thomas

Week 11 Aging, Gender, and Culture in Housing

M April 2 Mini Assignment DUE – 2-3 page summary + reaction to Dr. Thomas’ talk

(M) April 2 Gender and Housing Arrangements

Gregory, S. and Pandaya, S. (2002). Women and Long term care. AARP Fact Sheet.

Keigher, S.M. (1992). In search of “The Golden Girls”: Why is affordable, adaptable, and assisted housing for older women so hard to find? In: H.C. Dandekar (Ed.) Shelter, Women and Development: First and Third World Perspectives. Proceedings of an International Conference. May 7-9. 1992. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI., pp. 377-395.

Saegert, S. and McCarthy, D.E. (1998). Gender and Housing for the Elderly: sorting through the accumulations of a lifetime. Chapter 3 In: R.J. Scheidt and P.G. Windley (Eds.) Environment and Aging Theory: A focus on housing. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Pp 61-87

Optional readings:

Miller. B, Kaufman, J.E. 91996). Beyond Gender Stereotypes: Spouse Caregivers of Persons With Dementia. Journal of Aging Studies. 10(3): 189-204.

Russell, R. (2001). In sickness and in health: A qualitative study of elderly men who care for wives with dementia. Journal of Aging Studies. 15. 351–367

(W) April 4 Cultural Roles in Housing Arrangements

Cohen, U. and Moore, K. D (1998 ). Integrated Cultural Heritage into Assisted-Living Environments. In: B. Schwarz & R. Brent (Eds.) Aging, Autonomy and Architecture: Advances in Assisted Living. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins. Pp 90-109

Sethi, R. (1998 ). Crossing Oceans: A Cross-Cultural Look at Elderly Immigrant Women in the United States and Elderly Women in India. In: H.C. Dandekar (Ed.) Shelter, Women and Development: First and Third World Perspectives. Proceedings of an InternationalConference. May 7-9. 1992. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI., pp 408-413.

Optional readings:

Mahoney, D.F., et al. (year) African American, Chinese, and Latino Family Caregivers’ Impressions of the Onset and Diagnosis of Dementia: Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences. The Gerontologist. 45(6):783-792.

Harris, P.B., Long, S.O. (1999). Husbands and Sons in the United States and Japan: Cultural Expectations and Caregiving Experiences. Journal of Aging Studies. 13 (3): 241-267.

(F) April 6 ELDERS CONSULTANTS VISIT (LONGER SESSION 12:20 – 1:30)

Week 12 Green Spaces & Restoration

(M) April 9 Theory + Evidence

Kaplan, R. & Kaplan, S. (1995). The Experience of Nature: a psychological perspective. Ann Arbor, MI: Ulrich’s. Chapter 6: The restorative environment. pp. 177-200.

Kweon, B., Sullivan, W.C.,and Wiley, A.R. (1998). Green common spaces and the social integration of inner-city older adults. Environment and Behavior, 30 (6), 832-858.

Austin, E.N., Johnston, Y.A.M. and Morgan, L.L. (2006). Community gardening in a senior center: A therapeutic intervention to improve the health of older adults. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 40 (1), 48 – 56.

Optional readings:

Thomas, W. H. (1996). Living: How Someone You Love Can Still Enjoy Life in a Nursing Home. Acton, MA. VanderWyk & Burnham. Chapter 3-9. pp. 23-98.

Wenjun, L, Keegan, T.H.M., Sternfeld, B., Sidney, S., Quesenberry, C.P. and Kelsey, J.L. (2006). Outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults: A neglected public health problem. American Journal of Public Health, 96 (7), 1192 – 1200.

Tuesday April 10 LEAP Project Interim Report Due 5:00 pm

(W) April 11 Design + Practice

Tyson, M.M. (1995). The Therapeutic Garden: Outdoor Environments for People with Alzheimer’s Disease – one page summary.

Stoneham, J. & Thoday, P. (1996). Landsape Design for Elderly and Disabled People. Suffolk: Garden Art Press. Chapter 5: Site use and implications for design. Pp. 32-46

LeClaire, J. (Oct. 2002). The Evolution of Eden. Metropolis, p. 54

Optional Readings:

Marcus, C.C. and Barnes, M. (Eds.) (1999). Healing Gardens: therapeutic benefits and design recommendations. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [sample chapters: ]

Chapter 1: Introduction: Historical and cultural overview. Marcus, C.C. and Barnes, M.

Chapter 8: Nursing Home Gardens. McBride, D.L.

Chapter 9: Alzheimer’s Treatment Gardens. Zeisel, J. and Tyson, M.M.

(F) April 13 SITE VISIT – TBA

Week 13 Design for Dementia

(M) April 16 Introduction to Alzheimer’s Disease

Video - Alzheimer’s : A multicultural perspective.

(W)April 18 Design for People with Alzheimer’s Disease

Zeisel, J. (1999). Life-quality Alzheimer Care in Assisted Living. In: B. Schwarz & R. Brent (Eds.) Aging, Autonomy and Architecture: Advances in Assisted Living. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 110-129.

Day, K. and Calkins, M. (2002). Design and Dementia. In R.B. Bechtel and A. Churchman (Eds.) Handbook of Environmental Psychology, NY: Wiley, pp. 374 - 393

Optional Readings:

Day, K., Carreon, D. & Stump, C.  (August, 2000).  The therapeutic design of environments for people with dementia:  A review of the empirical research.  The Gerontologist, 40(4), 397-416

Hoglund, D.J. & Ledewitz, S.D. (1999). Designing to meet the needs of people with Alzheimer’s disease. In: B. Schwarz & R. Brent (Eds.) Aging, Autonomy and Architecture: Advances in Assisted Living. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 229-261

Cohen, U. & Day, K. (1993). Contemporary environments for people with dementia.  Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.

Calkins, M. (1991). Design for dementia. In: Preiser, W. et al. (Eds.) Design Intervention: toward a more humane architecture. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Zeisel, J., Silverstein, N.M., Hyde, J., Levkoff, S., Lawton, M.P. and Holmes, W. (2003). Environmental correlates to behavioral health outcomes in Alzheimer’s special care units. The Gerontologist, 43 (5), 697-711.

(F) April 20 GUEST SPEAKER Alice F. Bonner, MS, APRN, BC (Tentative Date)

Gerontological Nurse Practitioner, Grad. School of Nursing, U. Mass Medical

Kane, R.A. (2001). Long-term care and a good quality of life: bringing them closer together. The Gerontologist, 41 (3), 293 – 304.

Week 14

(M) April 23 ELDER CONSULTANTS VISIT

(W) April 25 DISCUSSION - Service Learning reflection + LEAP updates

(F) April 27 GUEST SPEAKER Bill Thomas, M.D. (Tentative Date)

Geriatrician and Long Term Care Visionary

Week 15

(M) April 30 TBA

(W) May 2 SITE VISIT – TBA

Thursday May 3 LEAP Final Project Posters Due 5:00 pm

(F) May 4 CONSULTANTS VISIT – LEAP PROJECT PRESENTATIONS/ POSTER SESSIONS

Thursday May 10 Service learning Logs and Reflective Journals Due 5:00 pm

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