Forest Hills High School



Susan Wagner High School US History and Government RegentsReview PackageUNIT 3: Post-Civil War America Industrialization, Urbanization and the Progressive Movement(1865 – ca. 1900)Course Wide Compelling Questions Is there one American experience? Does America live up to it’s foundational ideals? To what extent does the American economy shape the American experience?Essential Questions ?How did the expansion of Constitutional rights impact the lives of African Americans & Women? To what extent did westward expansion impact the American economy? What impact did westward expansion have on ?immigrants, indigenous peoples, and ?all American citizens? Understandings As African Americans began to join society as freed men and women, racial tensions arose throughout the nation. National expansion resulted in economic growth, a rise in immigration, and further destruction of Native American settlements.The American identity evolved and changed as women and African Americans began to exercise constitutional rights; it was further shaped by the immigrants that began to settle in our nation as a result of economic growth & opportunities. ??Content Knowledge - Years: 1865 - 1900Reconstruction Reconstruction amendments & Reconstruction plansSouthern response to Reconstruction Jim Crow, Black Codes, KKK & their impact on race relationsWestward Expansion & Manifest Destiny Immigration Women’s rights movement in the 19th Century Including: Seneca Falls convention, Susan B Anthony, etc. Course Wide Compelling Questions How do people affect change in their society? How do challenges force or shape the evolution of a democratic society? Essential Questions ?How did rapid growth in industrialization and urbanization lead to changes in American society? To what extent did progressive era social, political, and economic reforms shape American society? ?Understandings The United States transformed from an agrarian to an industrial and urbanized society.New economic opportunities created societal problems; these ?were addressed by a variety of reform efforts.The economic progress and social reforms that occurred at the turn of the century ultimately shaped Modern American society. ?Content Knowledge - Years: 1900 - 1915Industrialization Urbanization Immigration to the United States Labor rights movement Social & economic reform in AmericaRegulation of capitalism by the federal government The Progressive Era Muckrakers & impact of social reformers Multiple Choice Practice1. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln affected events of the Reconstruction Period in thatPresident Andrew Johnson was able to bring about a more lenient treatment of the Confederacy.the attempts of the Radical Republicans to control Reconstruction policy were successful.the Confederate states became eager to return to the Union.the Ku Klux Klan lost its influence over Southern state governments.2. The corporation became a popular form of business organization during the post-Civil War period because itenabled corporate executives to supervise daily business activities more closely.made it possible for business concerns to raise more capital.appealed to farmers anxious to increase production.encouraged industrial workers to form business cooperatives.3. Many wealthy industrialists of the late nineteenth century used the theory of Social Darwinism tosupport the labor union movement.justify monopolistic actions.promote legislation establishing a minimum wage.encourage charitable organizations to help the poor.4. A major reason the Radical Republicans opposed President Abraham Lincoln's Reconstruction plan was that his plandemanded payments from the South that would have damaged the economy.postponed the readmission of Southern States into the Union for many years.granted too many rights to formerly enslaved persons.offered amnesty to nearly all Confederates who would swear allegiance to the United States.5. The Rockefeller Foundation, Carnegie Hall, and the Morgan Library Institute illustrate various ways that entrepreneurs and their descendants havesuppressed the growth of labor unions.supported philanthropic activities to benefit society.applied scientific discoveries to industry.attempted to undermine the United States economic system.6. The decision of the Supreme Court in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case is important because itupheld the legality of sharecropping.denounced the violence of the Ku Klux Klan.approved separate but equal facilities for African Americans.declared slavery to be illegal.7. During the late 1800s, a major reaction to the activities of labor unions in the United States was thatthe press in most communities supported unions.United States Presidents opposed the use of federal troops to end strikes called by organized labor.courts frequently issued injunctions to stop strikes.most factory workers quickly joined the unions.8. During the period 1865–1900, government contributed to the growth of corporations mainly bygiving them direct aid when they went bankrupt.allowing them to develop with few restrictions.providing low-cost housing for their workers.buying large amounts of corporate stocks.9. One effect of monopolies on the United States economy is that they have tended toreduce business competition.keep prices low.give consumers a greater choice in goods and services.lead to a greater variety in the price for a particular product or service.10. A major reason why people migrated to the western part of the United States during the nineteenth century was because that part of the countryprovided an abundance of cheap labor.guaranteed protection from violence.protected the rights of landowners to own slaves.offered increased opportunities for social mobility.11. Which constitutional power was the main basis for congressional passage of legislation regulating business activities during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?to provide for the common defenseto regulate the currencyto establish a uniform system of weights and measuresto regulate commerce among the states12. In the late 1800s, most strikes by unions were unsuccessful mainly becauseunions were generally considered to be ernment usually supported business instead of workers.strikes had never been used before in labor disputes.strikers failed to use militant tactics.13. Jacob Riis' photographs, and the settlement house movement led by Jane Addams, drew attention to the needs of thefreedmen immediately after the Civil War.farmers in the 1880s and 1890s.urban poor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.Japanese and Chinese laborers in the late 1800s.14. Which historic period was marked by the military occupation of a portion of the United States, attempts to remove the President from office, and major constitutional revisions?ReconstructionRoaring TwentiesGreat Depression and New DealVietnam War Era15. The poll tax, the literacy test, and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan were all attempts to limit the effectiveness ofthe 14th and 15th amendments.the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education.civil rights legislation passed in all states after the Civil War.immigration laws such as the Gentleman's Agreement and the Chinese Exclusion Act.16. The American Federation of Labor became the first long-lasting, successful labor union in the United States mainly because itrefused to participate in strikes against employers.concentrated on organizing workers in industries in the South.formed its own political party and elected many pro-labor public officials.fought for the rights of skilled workers.17. In the late 1800s, the goal of the federal government's policy toward Native Americans was todestroy tribal bonds and thus weaken their traditional cultural values.grant them full citizenship and due process.give their tribal groups authority over their own affairs.increase the land holdings of western tribes.18. During the period from 1880 to 1920, the majority of immigrants to the United States settled in urban areas in the North mainly becausethe Populist Party was successful in preventing immigrants from buying farmland.rapid industrialization created many job opportunities.labor unions gave financial help to immigrants willing to work in the factories.most immigrants lived in cities in their native countries.19. Businesses formed trusts, pools, and holding companies mainly toincrease profits by eliminating competition.offer a wide range of goods and services to consumers.provide employment opportunities for minorities.protect the interests of workers.20. According to the theory of laissez-faire, the economy functions best when governmentsubsidizes business so that it can compete worldwide.regulates businesses for the good of the majority.owns major industries.does not interfere with business.21. After the Civil War, the adoption of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments led togreater federal supremacy over the states.the loss of equal rights to minorities.an expansion of the power of the states to tax interstate business.a narrowing of the role of the federal government.22. In their plans for Reconstruction, both President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson sought topunish the South for starting the Civil War.force the Southern States to pay reparations to the federal government.allow the Southern States to reenter the nation as quickly as possible.establish the Republican Party as the only political party in the South.23. Europeans that came to the United States between 1880 and 1920 have been described as new immigrants mainly because theywere considered physically and mentally superior to earlier immigrants.arrived before the closing of the frontier and settled in farms in the West.came generally from different countries than most earlier immigrants.came chiefly from northern and western Europe.24. From 1865 to 1900, how did the growth of industry affect American society?The United States experienced the disappearance of the traditional "family farm."Population centers shifted from the Northeast to the South.Restrictions on immigration created a more homogenous culture.The percentage of Americans living in urban areas increased.25. In which pair of events did the first event most directly influence the second?discovery of gold in California — Louisiana Purchasebuilding of the transcontinental railroad — disappearance of the frontiersettling of the Oregon Territory — passage of the Homestead Actassimilation of Native American Indians into American Society — passage of the Dawes Act26. After the Civil War, Native Americans were relocated to reservations primarily becausethe federal government wanted to preserve tribal cultures.the Native Americans had violated most of their treaties with the federal government.most of the tribal chiefs requested government protection from white settlers.settlers, ranchers, and prospectors wanted their tribal lands.27. When the Interstate Commerce Act was passed in 1887, it marked the first time thatCongress officially affirmed its laissez-faire economic policy.the federal government imposed a tariff.a third political party was able to influence government policy.a federal regulatory agency was established.28. As the United States became industrialized, an important effect of mechanization and the division of labor was thatsmaller industries had difficulty maintaining their competitiveness.the price of most manufactured goods increased.the demand to improve transportation systems decreased.pools and trusts became less efficient forms of business organization.29. In the United States during the late nineteenth century, much of the prejudice expressed toward immigrants was based on the belief they wouldcause overcrowding in farm areas.refuse to become citizens.support the enemies of the United States in wartime.fail to assimilate into American society.30. The dispute between President Andrew Johnson and Congress during the Reconstruction Era illustrates the constitutional principle ofequality of justice under the law.federalism.one man, one vote.separation of powers.31. The major reason the United States placed few restrictions on immigration during the 1800s was thatfew Europeans wanted to give up their economic security.little opposition to immigration existed.the growing economy needed a steady supply of cheap labor.most immigrants spoke English and thus needed little or no education.32. How were many African Americans in the South affected after Reconstruction ended in 1877?A constitutional amendment guaranteed their social advancement.The Freedman's Bureau helped them become farmowners.Jim Crow laws placed major restrictions on their rights.Southern factories offered them job training and employment opportunities.33. Poll taxes and grandfather clauses were devices used todeny African Americans the right to vote.extend suffrage to women and 18-year-old citizens.raise money for political campaigns.prevent immigrants from becoming citizens.34. Which situation brought about the rapid growth of industry between 1865 to 1900?high worker morale resulting from good wages and working conditionsavailability of investment capitalestablishment of western reservations for Native Americansdecline in the number of people attending schools35. Which best describes the change in the economic base of the northeastern part of the United States between 1820 and 1890?Ownership of major industries was transferred from private individuals to the federal government.As agricultural productivity increased, the farmer became the leading economic figure.Economic productivity declined as major industries moved to the South and West.Large-scale manufacturing became a major economic activity.36. In the United States, which has done the most to speed the assimilation of immigrant groups?aid of private charitable organizationsleadership of national and ethnic churchesavailability of free Western landsexistence of free compulsory education37. During the early 1900s, the enactment of strong Federal legislation to regulate business demonstrated a growing belief thatthe government should assume ownership of most businesses.the nation's well-being depends primarily on agricultural output.the government has a duty to maintain economic competition.people have a right to a guaranteed annual income.38. Which conclusion can be drawn from the occurrence of the Red Scare and the decision of the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States?Immigrants to the United States are consistently denied equal protection under the law.A person's best protection from persecution rests with the Supreme Court.Civil rights are sometimes compromised by the public's fear of radical political groups.Violent protests in the United States are usually met with a violent response from the government.39. The impact of works by such authors as Harriet Beecher Stowe, Upton Sinclair, and Ralph Nader suggests thatreform literature is not popular with the public.aroused citizens can persuade the government to take action.big business is too powerful to be affected by reform literature.popular literature tends to reflect the views of the political party in power.40. The Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) were similar in that both were designed toregulate child labor.limit the power of big business.set safety standards in industry.restrict the employment of unskilled immigrants.41. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points were proposals that he believed would bring abouta just and lasting peace.the containment of fascism.a reduction in United States involvement in world affairs.a reestablishment of the prewar political situation in Europe.42. In the United States, the main purpose of antitrust legislation is toprotect the environment.increase competition in business.encourage the growth of monopolies.strengthen the rights of workers.43. At the turn of the twentieth century, why did most immigrants to the United States settle in cities?Jobs were readily ernment relief programs required immigrants to settle in cities.Labor union leaders encouraged unrestricted immigration.Immigrants were not permitted to buy farmland.44. From 1914 to 1916, as World War I raged in Europe, Americans were not able to "remain neutral in thought as well as action" mainly becauseUnited States membership in military alliances required the nation to fight.United States newspapers encouraged a policy of imperialist expansion.the warring powers interfered with the United States right to freedom of the seas.President Woodrow Wilson supported the war aims of Germany and Austria-Hungary.45. A person who believes in the Social Darwinist theory of survival of the fittest would agree thatpoor people should get help from the government.rich nations should give substantial aid to help poor nations.individuals should succeed through their own ernment should tax the rich to help the poor.46. In the United States, many of the reform movements of the early 1900s were primarily the result ofthe growth of States rights as a political issue.the increase in taxation.the continuing decline in immigration.industrialization and the growth of cities.47. Why did the United States follow a policy of unrestricted immigration for Europeans during most of the 1800s?Business and industry depended on the foreign capital brought by immigrants.The American economy needed many unskilled workers.Most Americans desired a more diversified culture.The United States wanted to help European nations by taking in their surplus population.48. At times, the United States Government has passed protective tariffs toencourage foreign trade.help the nation's manufacturers.reduce the cost of consumer goods.improve the quality of goods.49. The United States supported the Open Door policy towards China mainly toconstruct military bases.bring about democratic government.encourage European nations to leave.increase trading opportunities.50. Late nineteenth and early twentieth-century expansionists such as Theodore Roosevelt and Alfred Thayer Mahan urged the United States toextend its influence over the Middle East and the subcontinent of India.acquire overseas territories, especially in the Pacific.seek better trade relations with Latin America.negotiate economic and cultural exchange programs with nations in Asia.51. The United States Senate rejected United States membership in the League of Nations after World War I mainly because its Senate opponentsfeared that membership would infringe upon United States national sovereignty.believed that membership would end United States participation in military alliances.did not wish to give financial aid to an international organization.were more concerned about the domestic problems created by the Great Depression.52. The Progressive movement was mainly a response to theneed to improve race relations in the United States.pressures the United States experienced as a result of becoming a world power.industrialization and urbanization of the United States.demands of the post-Civil War Southern leaders for social change.53. In the United States during the early part of the twentieth century, reform writers helped to bring about passage of federal legislation designed toincrease immigration.protect the consumer.encourage the growth of corporations.sell public lands to private developers.54. The history of the Populist and Progressive movements illustrates thesupremacy of agriculture in the economy of the nation.ultimate powerlessness of the middle class.ability of organized groups to influence government policy.success of third parties in electing Presidents.55. In the early twentieth century in the United States, the enactment of strong Federal legislation to regulate business reflected primarily a growing belief in thegovernment's responsibility to set most wages and ernment's right to control certain activities of large corporations.consumer's right to form pressure groups to publicize consumer protection issues.President's responsibility to protect natural resources from exploitation.56. The primary stimulus to social and economic reforms during the Progressive Era came fromthe Supreme Court.authors and social activists.the leadership of the two national parties.bankers and industrialists.57. The Federal Reserve System directly influences the United States economy by causing changes inthe amount of Federal income taxes collected.the size of the Federal budget.the supply of money and credit.wages and prices.58. In the early twentieth century, muckrakers were able to influence American society mainly through theirfrequent acts of civil disobedience.activities as government officials.publication of articles and books.control over factories.59. The initiative, referendum, recall, and direct primary are all intended tomake the President more responsive to the wishes of Congress.reduce the influence of the media on elections.give political parties more control of the electoral process.increase participation in government by citizens.60. The major objective of United States foreign policy toward Latin America during the period from 1900 to 1920 was toimprove the standard of living of the people in Latin America.support land reform throughout the Western Hemisphere.protect the human rights of people in Latin America.serve as protector and police officer in the Western Hemisphere.61. Progressivism could best be characterized as a movement thatencouraged involvement in international affairs.tried to introduce a parliamentary system of government.emphasized only the needs of farmers.demanded reform at all levels of government.62. The Progressive movement was most concerned withhelping the nation adapt to the social and economic changes resulting from industrialization.expanding the civil rights of minorities.healing the split caused by the Civil War.controlling the swings in the business cycle.63. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the passage of antitrust legislation and the establishment of the Federal Trade Commission reflected the United States desire toeliminate unfair practices in business.help big business to become more efficient.encourage increased production of goods.stimulate the growth of modern transportation.64. Cartoons by Thomas Nast were to urban political machines as The Jungle by Upton Sinclair was torailroad monopolies.the meatpacking industry.lumber and logging companies.public utilities.65. One major result of the Spanish-American War was that the United Statesestablished many foreign-aid programs.obtained overseas colonies.abandoned the principles of the Monroe Doctrine.settled disputes by relying on international peace organizations.66. Which action was necessary to change from the indirect to the direct election of United States Senators?ratification of a constitutional amendmentpassage of a Federal lawa Supreme Court decisiona national referendum67. Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert M. LaFollette are all considered Progressives because theysupported the formation of the first trade union.used Presidential power to break up strikes.worked to limit the power of big businesses.formed the first civil rights organizations.68. Which statement about the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois is most accurate?They differed as to the best way that African Americans could effectively achieve equality.Both demanded programs that would provide for immediate social equality.Both believed that vocational training would provide the most important kind of education for African Americans.Neither wanted the Federal Government to play a major role in protecting the civil rights of African Americans.69. Conclusions about the relations between the United States and Spain during the period leading to the Spanish-American War would probably be most valid if they were based on a study ofeditorials published in newspapers during that time.biographies of Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt.the diary of a member of the crew of the battleship ernment documents, as interpreted by several historians with different viewpoints.70. After World War I, the opposition of some members of Congress to the Versailles Treaty was based largely on the idea that the treatydid not punish the Central Powers harshly enough.did not give the United States an important role in world affairs.would require the United States to join the League of Nations and might result in a loss of United States sovereignty.would require the United States to assume the cost of rebuilding the war-torn European economies.Regents Prep. Org Questions:3a: Reconstruction and Southern Redemption1. Which statement best summarizes the beliefs of Booker T. Washington?The best solution for African Americans was to return to Africa.Social equality for African Americans would be easier to achieve than legal rights.The way to dissolve the barriers of segregation and bring about an end to Jim Crow laws was by active, violent resistance.The most immediate means for African Americans to achieve equality was to expand their opportunities for vocational education.2. "Although important strides were made, Reconstruction failed to provide lasting guarantees of the civil rights of the freedmen.” Which evidence best supports this statementpassage of Jim Crow laws in the latter part of the 19th centuryratification of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendmentsrefusal of Southern States to allow sharecroppingpassage of the Civil Rights Acts of 18663. Which statement about the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois is most accurate?They differed as to the best way that African Americans could effectively achieve equality.Both demanded programs that would provide for immediate social equality.Both believed that vocational training would provide the most important kind of education for African Americans.Neither wanted the Federal Government to play a major role in protecting the civil rights of African Americans.4. Base your answer to the question below on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies."[The registrar] brought a big old book out there, and he gave me the sixteenth section of the constitution of Mississippi, . . . I could copy it like it was in the book, but after I got through copying it, he told me to give a reasonable interpretation and tell the meaning of the section I had copied. Well, I flunked out." Source:?A History of the United States since 1861The main intent of the literacy test described in the passage was toencourage reform of the political systemencourage Mississippi residents to learn about their state’s legal systemprevent African Americans from exercising a basic rightenforce the provisions of the United States Constitution5. The Jim Crow laws of the post-Civil War Era were attempts bythe Federal Government to improve the status of African Americans and Native American Indiansstate and local governments to restrict the freedoms of African Americansstates to ban organizations such as the Ku Klux Klanthe Radical Republicans in Congress to carry out Reconstruction plans6. The label "Solid South" was applied to the former Confederate States after Reconstruction because theyconsistently supported the Democratic Partycould not participate in national politicsrejected efforts to pass Jim Crow lawscontinued to support abolitionist causes7. The 14th amendment provides that no "state [shall] deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." A direct result of this amendment was thatthe process of amending the Constitution became slower and more complexthe guarantees in the Bill of Rights were applied to state actionsevery citizen gained an absolute right to freedom of speech and assemblythe power of the Federal Government was sharply reduced8. After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, African Americans continued to experience political and economic oppression mainly becausethe amendments were not intended to solve their problemsmany African Americans distrusted the Federal GovernmentSouthern legislatures enacted Jim Crow lawspoor communications kept people from learning about their legal rights9. The dispute between President Andrew Johnson and Congress during the Reconstruction Era illustrates the constitutional principle ofequality of justice under the lawfederalismone man, one voteseparation of powers10. Poll taxes and grandfather clauses were devices used todeny African Americans the right to voteextend suffrage to women and 18-year-old citizensraise money for political campaignsprevent immigrants from becoming citizens11. In their plans for Reconstruction, both President Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson sought topunish the South for starting the Civil Warforce the Southern States to pay reparations to the Federal Governmentallow the Southern States to reenter the nation as quickly as possibleestablish the Republican Party as the only political party in the South12. The poll tax, the literacy test, and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan were all attempts to limit the effectiveness ofthe 14th and 15th amendmentsthe Supreme Court’s decision in?Brown v. Board of Educationcivil rights legislation passed in all states after the Civil Warimmigration laws such as the Gentleman’s Agreement and the Chinese Exclusion Act13. W.E.B. Du Bois believed that African Americans should attempt to gain equality in the United States bysetting up a separate nation within the United Statesentering vocational training programs in separate schoolsdemanding full and immediate participation in American societytaking over the leadership of the two major political parties14. A major reason the Radical Republicans opposed President Abraham Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan was that his plandemanded payments from the South that would have damaged its economypostponed the readmission of Southern States into the Union for many yearsgranted too many rights to formerly enslaved personsoffered amnesty to nearly all Confederates who would swear allegiance to the United States15. How were many African Americans in the South affected after Reconstruction ended in 1877?A constitutional amendment guaranteed their social advancementThe Freedmen’s Bureau helped them become farmowners.Jim Crow laws placed major restrictions on their rights.Southern factories offered them job training and employment opportunities16. The provision of the Radical Republicans’ plan for Reconstruction that Southern States found most objectionable was that a former Confederate State could not be readmitted to the Union unless that Stategave land and money to former slavesgranted full citizenship to former Confederate leadersratified the 14th amendmentagreed to modernize its economy17. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois shared the belief that African Americans shoulduse force to bring an immediate end to segregation in public facilitiespursue education as the key to improving social statusrecognize that the growth of labor unions was the major barrier to economic advancementstrive for immediate social equality with whites18. After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, African Americans continued to experience political and economic oppression mainly becausethe amendments were not intended to solve their problemsmany African Americans distrusted the Federal GovernmentSouthern legislatures enacted Jim Crow lawspoor communications kept people from learning about their legal rights19. Southern states attempted to limit the impact of constitutional amendments passed during the Reconstruction Era bypassing Jim Crow lawsending racial discriminationseceding from the Unionfighting the Civil War20. “No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges . . . of citizens . . . nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. . . .” The major purpose of these provisions of the 14th Amendment was tolimit the power of the federal governmentexpand the civil rights of womenmaintain competition in businessprotect the rights of African Americans21. Booker T. Washington stated that the best way for formerly enslaved persons to advance themselves in American society was toleave their farms in the South and move to the Northrun for political officepursue economic gains through vocational trainingform a separate political party22. The Jim Crow laws, upheld by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), provided forfree land for former slavesseparate public facilities based on raceracial integration of public schoolsvoting rights for African-American males23. Which newspaper headline would have appeared during the Reconstruction Period after the Civil War?“Jim Crow Laws End”“Former Slaves Made Citizens”“Supreme Court Issues Dred Scott Decision”“Emancipation Proclamation Issued”24. Which statement most accurately describes President Abraham Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction after the Civil War?Southerners should be made to pay for their rebellion.The Union should be restored as quickly as possible.African Americans should be given free land.War damages should be collected through military occupation.25. During Reconstruction, the Black Codes passed by Southern states were attempts toprovide land to former slavespunish former Confederate leadersrepeal the Jim Crow lawsdeny equal rights to African Americans26. Following Reconstruction, the term New South was most often used to describechanges in the Southern economynew attitudes in race relationsthe growth of the Republican Party in the Souththe decline of the sharecropping system27. The 14th and 15th Amendments, passed during Reconstruction, resulted inequal rights for women in the United Statesexpanded rights for Native American Indians on reservationsincreased individual rights for African Americansadditional rights for Southern segregationists28. The underlying reason for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson wasthe Credit Mobilier scandala power struggle with Congress over Reconstructionhis refusal to appoint new justices to the Supreme Courthis policies toward Native American Indians29. The Jim Crow legal system, which expanded in the South after Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), was based on the Supreme Court’s interpretation of thedue process clause of the 5th Amendmentstates’ rights provision of the 10th Amendmentequal protection clause in the 14th Amendmentvoting rights provision in the 15th Amendment30. What effect did the system of sharecropping have on the South after the Civil War?It kept formerly enslaved persons economically dependent.It brought investment capital to the South.It encouraged Northerners to migrate south.It provided for a fairer distribution of farm profits.31. Following the Civil War, many Southern states enacted Black Codes toprovide free farmland for African Americansguarantee equal civil rights for African Americansrestrict the rights of formerly enslaved personssupport the creation of the Freedmen’s Bureau32. What was a major result of the Civil War?States now had the right to secede from the Union.Congress passed an amendment to provide for the direct election of senators.The power of the central government was strengthened.The judiciary became the dominant branch of the federal government.33. The institution of slavery was formally abolished in the United States by theCompromise of 1850Emancipation Proclamation of 1863creation of the Freedmen’s Bureau in 1865ratification of the 13th amendment in 186534. In the ten years following the Civil War, a large numbers of former slaves earned a living by becomingconductors on the Underground Railroadworkers in Northern factoriessharecroppers on Southern farmsgold miners in California35. During the late 1800s, Southern voters solidly supported the Democratic Party primarily because Democratsfavored a stronger national governmentled efforts to advance civil rightsopposed the Jim Crow legal systemdisliked the Reconstruction programs of the Republicans36. Constitutional amendments adopted during Reconstruction were intended toprovide legal and political rights for African Americansend property and religious qualifications for votingcorrect problems with the electoral college systemlimit the number of terms of the president37. In the South, the passage of Jim Crow laws in the 1870s and 1880s led directly to theracial integration of public schoolsdecline of the Democratic partyorganization of the Ku Klux Klansegregation of public facilities38. Many Southern States tried to limit the effects of Radical Reconstruction byadopting federal laws mandating segregationenacting Jim Crow lawsabolishing the Southern sharecropping systemsecuring passage of new amendments to the United States Constitution3b. Closing the West1. In the period from 1860 to 1890, which experience was shared by most Native Americans living in western states?They maintained control of their traditional lands.They benefited economically from government policy.They became farmers and small business owners.They were forced to live on reservations.2. "[Buffalo hunters] have done more in the last two years, and will do more in the next year, to settle the . . . Indian question than the entire regular army has done in the last thirty years. . . . For the sake of peace let them kill, skin, and sell until the buffalo are destroyed.”—General Philip SheridanWhat was the result of the process described in this quotationNative American Indians were granted farmland under the Homestead Act.The disappearance of their economic base helped drive Native American Indians onto reservations.Many Native American Indians moved to Eastern cities to work in factories.Most Native American Indians migrated to Canada to find new ways to earn a living.3. The passage of the Homestead Act and the completion of the transcontinental railroad helped to fulfill the United States commitment toReconstructionracial equalitymanifest destinyconservation of natural resources4. In the period from 1860 to 1900, the Federal Government encouraged the settlement of the West bypassing an increased number of liberal immigration lawsselling the most fertile public land to Native American Indiansproviding free transportation to settlers moving to the frontiergranting tracts of land to railroad companies to encourage construction5. "Up to our own day American history is the history of the colonization of the Great West. The existence of an area of free land, . . . and the advance of American settlement westward explain American development."This quotation of the 1890’s suggests that the American frontiershould be preserved for free use by all the peoplehas mirrored European values and social patternswill continue indefinitely as a region to be colonizedhas had a positive effect on the growth of the United States6. In the late 1800’s, the goal of the Federal Government’s policy toward Native American Indians was todestroy tribal bonds and thus weaken their traditional cultural valuesgrant them full citizenship and due processgive their tribal groups authority over their own affairsincrease the land holdings of western tribes7. Which characteristic of the American frontier continues to be an important part of life in the United States today?widespread support for the Populist Partynecessity for families to have many childrena predominantly agricultural and mining economysignificant opportunities for social and economic mobility8. In which pair of events did the first event most directly influence the second?discovery of gold in California --> Louisiana Purchasebuilding of the transcontinental railroad --> disappearance of the frontiersettling of the Oregon Territory --> passage of the Homestead Actassimilation of Native American Indians into American society --> passage of the Dawes Act9. "I am tired of fighting.... Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I shall fight no more forever!"-Chief Joseph, 1877In this statement, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce expressed his reluctant acceptance of a government policy ofplacing Native American Indian tribes on reservationsrequiring Native American Indians to settle west of the Mississippi Rivergranting immediate citizenship to Native American Indiansforcing Native American Indians to assimilate into American culture10. The Indian Wars that occurred between 1860 and 1890 were mainly the result ofdisputes over the spread of slaveryconflict with Mexico over Texas and Californiathe search for gold in Californiathe movement of settlers onto the Great Plains11. The aim of the Dawes Act of 1887 was torestore previously taken land to Native American Indian tribesmaintain traditional Native American Indian culturesassimilate Native American Indians into American cultureend all governmental contact with Native American Indians12. The passage of the Dawes Act in 1887 was primarily an attempt by the United States government tolimit the power of the Bureau of Indian Affairsreturn eastern land to Native American Indian tribesencourage Native American Indians to give up their traditional cultureshire Native American Indians as military scouts13. The purpose of the Homestead Act of 1862, which provided free federal land, was toencourage settlement of the Westset up reservations for Native American Indiansestablish land-grant agricultural collegesassist in the construction of transcontinental railroads14. The Homestead Act was important in the growth of the West because itset aside reservations for Native American Indianscreated the Department of Agriculture to aid farmersencouraged settlement of the Great Plainsprovided land to build a canal system15. The Homestead Act of 1862 helped the development of the West byproviding free land to settlersgranting land for construction of transcontinental railroadsallowing slavery to spread to the territoriesplacing Native American Indians on reservations16. During the late 1800s, many North American Indian tribes were sent to reservations that were locatedalong the major rivers and lakes of the Midwestnear large cities in the Northwestin sparsely populated regions of the Westeast of the Mississippi River17. The closing of the frontier and the growth of industry in the late 1800s are two factors often associated with thereduction of exports to Asian nationsrestoration of a plantation economy in the Southformation of alliances with other nationsrise of United States imperialism18. Speaker A: Nature should be left as it is found. All unsettled land should be off limits to future settlement or development. Speaker B: Natural resources should be controlled by big business to ensure the economic strength of the United States. Our abundance of land gives us a great advantage for competing in world markets. Speaker C: The natural resources of the United States should be used wisely. We must conserve them for future generations while also using them to serve the people of today. Speaker D: No man or institution owns the land. It is to be shared by everyone and everything in the best interest of all who depend upon its offerings. The statement of Speaker D is most like views expressed by?Native American Indianswestern farmersrailroad companiesEuropean immigrants19. The Homestead Act, the mass killing of buffalo, and the completion of the transcontinental railroad are most closely associated with therise of organized laborbuilding of the Erie Canalnorthern migration of African Americansdecline of the Plains Indians20. The mechanization of agriculture in the United States led directly toan increase in productionless dependence on railroads by farmersfewer agricultural exportsthe decreasing size of the average farm3b. Closing the WestClosing the West: Question 1 of 20In the period from 1860 to 1890, which experience was shared by most Native Americans living in western states?They maintained control of their traditional lands.They benefited economically from government policy.They became farmers and small business owners.They were forced to live on reservations.Closing the West: Question 2 of 20"[Buffalo hunters] have done more in the last two years, and will do more in the next year, to settle the . . . Indian question than the entire regular army has done in the last thirty years. . . . For the sake of peace let them kill, skin, and sell until the buffalo are destroyed.”—General Philip SheridanWhat was the result of the process described in this quotationNative American Indians were granted farmland under the Homestead Act.The disappearance of their economic base helped drive Native American Indians onto reservations.Many Native American Indians moved to Eastern cities to work in factories.Most Native American Indians migrated to Canada to find new ways to earn a living.Closing the West: Question 3 of 20The passage of the Homestead Act and the completion of the transcontinental railroad helped to fulfill the United States commitment toReconstructionracial equalitymanifest destinyconservation of natural resourcesClosing the West: Question 4 of 20In the period from 1860 to 1900, the Federal Government encouraged the settlement of the West bypassing an increased number of liberal immigration lawsselling the most fertile public land to Native American Indiansproviding free transportation to settlers moving to the frontiergranting tracts of land to railroad companies to encourage constructionClosing the West: Question 5 of 20"Up to our own day American history is the history of the colonization of the Great West. The existence of an area of free land, . . . and the advance of American settlement westward explain American development."This quotation of the 1890’s suggests that the American frontiershould be preserved for free use by all the peoplehas mirrored European values and social patternswill continue indefinitely as a region to be colonizedClosing the West: Question 6 of 20In the late 1800’s, the goal of the Federal Government’s policy toward Native American Indians was todestroy tribal bonds and thus weaken their traditional cultural valuesgrant them full citizenship and due processgive their tribal groups authority over their own affairsincrease the land holdings of western tribesClosing the West: Question 7 of 20Which characteristic of the American frontier continues to be an important part of life in the United States today?widespread support for the Populist Partynecessity for families to have many childrena predominantly agricultural and mining economysignificant opportunities for social and economic mobilityClosing the West: Question 8 of 20In which pair of events did the first event most directly influence the second?discovery of gold in California --> Louisiana Purchasebuilding of the transcontinental railroad --> disappearance of the frontiersettling of the Oregon Territory --> passage of the Homestead Actassimilation of Native American Indians into American society --> passage of the Dawes ActClosing the West: Question 9 of 20"I am tired of fighting.... Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I shall fight no more forever!"-Chief Joseph, 1877In this statement, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce expressed his reluctant acceptance of a government policy ofplacing Native American Indian tribes on reservationsrequiring Native American Indians to settle west of the Mississippi Rivergranting immediate citizenship to Native American Indiansforcing Native American Indians to assimilate into American cultureClosing the West: Question 10 of 20The Indian Wars that occurred between 1860 and 1890 were mainly the result ofdisputes over the spread of slaveryconflict with Mexico over Texas and Californiathe search for gold in Californiathe movement of settlers onto the Great PlainsClosing the West: Question 11 of 20The aim of the Dawes Act of 1887 was torestore previously taken land to Native American Indian tribesmaintain traditional Native American Indian culturesassimilate Native American Indians into American cultureend all governmental contact with Native American IndiansClosing the West: Question 12 of 20The passage of the Dawes Act in 1887 was primarily an attempt by the United States government tolimit the power of the Bureau of Indian Affairsreturn eastern land to Native American Indian tribesencourage Native American Indians to give up their traditional cultureshire Native American Indians as military scoutsClosing the West: Question 13 of 20The purpose of the Homestead Act of 1862, which provided free federal land, was toencourage settlement of the Westset up reservations for Native American Indiansestablish land-grant agricultural collegesassist in the construction of transcontinental railroadsClosing the West: Question 14 of 20The Homestead Act was important in the growth of the West because itset aside reservations for Native American Indianscreated the Department of Agriculture to aid farmersencouraged settlement of the Great Plainsprovided land to build a canal systemClosing the West: Question 15 of 20The Homestead Act of 1862 helped the development of the West byproviding free land to settlersgranting land for construction of transcontinental railroadsallowing slavery to spread to the territoriesplacing Native American Indians on reservationsClosing the West: Question 16 of 20During the late 1800s, many North American Indian tribes were sent to reservations that were locatedalong the major rivers and lakes of the Midwestnear large cities in the Northwestin sparsely populated regions of the Westeast of the Mississippi RiverClosing the West: Question 17 of 20The closing of the frontier and the growth of industry in the late 1800s are two factors often associated with thereduction of exports to Asian nationsrestoration of a plantation economy in the Southformation of alliances with other nationsrise of United States imperialismClosing the West: Question 18 of 20Speaker A: Nature should be left as it is found. All unsettled land should be off limits to future settlement or development. Speaker B: Natural resources should be controlled by big business to ensure the economic strength of the United States. Our abundance of land gives us a great advantage for competing in world markets. Speaker C: The natural resources of the United States should be used wisely. We must conserve them for future generations while also using them to serve the people of today. Speaker D: No man or institution owns the land. It is to be shared by everyone and everything in the best interest of all who depend upon its offerings. The statement of Speaker D is most like views expressed by?Native American Indianswestern farmersrailroad companiesEuropean immigrantsClosing the West: Question 19 of 20The Homestead Act, the mass killing of buffalo, and the completion of the transcontinental railroad are most closely associated with therise of organized laborbuilding of the Erie Canalnorthern migration of African Americansdecline of the Plains IndiansClosing the West: Question 20 of 20The mechanization of agriculture in the United States led directly toan increase in productionless dependence on railroads by farmersfewer agricultural exportsthe decreasing size of the average farm3c. Gilded AgeGilded Age: Question 1 of 100In the period from 1865 to 1900, the United States Government aided the development of the West bymaintaining free and unlimited coinage of silveroffering low-interest loans to businessesgranting land to railroad companiesproviding price supports for farm productsGilded Age: Question 2 of 100In the United States, the main purpose of antitrust legislation is toprotect the environmentincrease competition in businessencourage the growth of monopoliesstrengthen the rights of workersGilded Age: Question 3 of 100Prior to 1890, United States businesses made few foreign investments mainly becausestate governments discouraged foreign investmentsforeign investments were prohibited by Congressforeign nations did not accept investments from United States businessesinvestment opportunities were better in the United StatesGilded Age: Question 4 of 100The Federal Trade Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Federal Communications Commission are similar in that eachrepresents the interests of big businessis specifically provided for in the United States Constitutionhas the power to formulate and enforce regulationsmust get approval from the states to carry out national lawsGilded Age: Question 5 of 100“Prices and wages should be determined by the marketplace.” The author of this statement would most probably supportgovernment ownership of utilitiesminimum-wage lawswage and price controlslaissez-faire capitalismGilded Age: Question 6 of 100After the Civil War, one way business leaders tried to eliminate competition was byforming monopolies or trustsdeveloping overseas marketsincreasing the prices of their productspaying high wages to their workersGilded Age: Question 7 of 100In the United States, organized labor made its greatest membership gains whenthe right to unionize and bargain collectively was guaranteed by legislationinternational competition began to threaten jobs in the United Statesthe major business groups encouraged unionizationthe economy began to shift from manufacturing to service employmentGilded Age: Question 8 of 100Which factor most limited the growth of labor unions during the late 1800’s?Most employers were very hostile toward workers’ efforts to organize.Most factory workers were satisfied with their wages and working conditions.The Federal Government declared that unions were illegal.Workers preferred to negotiate with factory owners as individuals rather than as members of a group.Gilded Age: Question 9 of 100In the 19th century, the major national labor unions wanted to improve the position of workers mainly byobtaining the legal right to organize and bargain collectivelyusing government troops to settle labor disputes with managementsupporting government ownership of major industriesendorsing a third political party for workers onlyGilded Age: Question 10 of 100During the latter half of the 19th century, many business organizations in the United States combined into large corporations becauseincome levels for workers would be improvedgovernment intervention in economic affairs would declineefficiency in production methods could be increasedeconomic possibilities outside the United States could be exploredGilded Age: Question 11 of 100Many reformers who opposed the laissez-faire attitude of the late 19th century argued thatthe National Government should not interfere in the activities of big business …big businessnational wealth could best be assured by the accumulation of goldthe idea of rugged individualism is vital to the nation’s economic growthgovernment should protect society through the regulation of businessGilded Age: Question 12 of 100A major way in which the United States has practiced "economic nationalism" has been toimplement protective tariffs to help American industryestablish social welfare programs to aid the poorpass legislation outlawing most monopoliesrequire industry to provide safe working conditions for employeesGilded Age: Question 13 of 100In the United States, industrial unions of the 1880’s and of the 1980’s had similar goals in that both campaigned fornational health insurancebetter unemployment insurancegreater job security and higher wageswage and price freezesGilded Age: Question 14 of 100In response to the demands of farmers and small business owners, Congress enacted laws in the late 19th century thatsupported the organization of farm cooperativesregulated the activities of railroads and trustsprovided direct payments to farmers to help them buy modem machinerydropped tariff rates to the lowest point in the centuryGilded Age: Question 15 of 100A negative effect of holding companies, mergers, and pools on the United States during the late 19th century was that these combinationsencouraged the Federal Government to spend more than its incomereduced the need for labor unionsdecreased competition between businessesended United States participation in inter-national tradeGilded Age: Question 16 of 100Nativism in the late 19th century was motivated primarily byhostility toward immigrant workersthe need to reduce overcrowding in western statescultural conflicts with Native American Indiansthe migration of African Americans to northern citiesGilded Age: Question 17 of 100During the late 1800’s, labor unions in the United States had their greatest success inpersuading the government to limit most immigrationorganizing skilled workers into craft unionswinning the great majority of strikesachieving a legally guaranteed minimum wageGilded Age: Question 18 of 100The Sherman Antitrust Act, the Social Security Act, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) are examples ofFederal laws designed to protect consumers from unsafe productsthe Federal Government’s response to changes in the economyFederal laws designed to control spendingthe Federal Government’s attempts to regulate big businessGilded Age: Question 19 of 100Which term best describes United States economic policy during the era of the rise of big business (1865-1900)?laissez-faire capitalismmercantilismMarxismwelfare-state capitalismGilded Age: Question 20 of 100Which statement best describes the status of the labor union movement in the United States in 1900?Most of the labor force was organized into ernment and business opposition had destroyed the labor union movement.Unions were still struggling to gain public acceptance.Unions had won the right to strike and bargain collectively.Gilded Age: Question 21 of 100The purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887), the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) was toeliminate unfair business practicesreduce imports from foreign nationsreduce the power of the unionsincrease the power of local governmentsGilded Age: Question 22 of 100Why did the United States follow a policy of unrestricted immigration for Europeans during most of the 1800’s?Business and industry depended on the foreign capital brought by immigrants.The American economy needed many unskilled workers.Most Americans desired a more diversified culture.The United States wanted to help European nations by taking in their surplus pop-ulation.Gilded Age: Question 23 of 100Statement A:?"The best way to economic recovery is to subsidize industry so that it will hire more workers and expand production."Statement B:?"If jobs are not available, the government must create jobs for those who are unemployed."Statement C:?"According to human nature, the most talented people will always come out on top."Statement D:?"Our government is responsible for the nation’s economic well-being."Which statement is closest to the philosophy of Social Darwinism?Speaker ASpeaker BSpeaker CSpeaker DGilded Age: Question 24 of 100A common characteristic of third political parties in the United States is that theytend to focus on one person or one issuecome into existence only during periods of corruptionhave dealt mainly with foreign policy issueshave frequently forced Congress to decide Presidential electionsGilded Age: Question 25 of 100Which situation brought about the rapid growth of industry between 1865 and 1900?high worker morale resulting from good wages and working conditionsavailability of investment capitalestablishment of western reservations for Native American Indiansdecline in the number of people attending schoolsGilded Age: Question 26 of 100From 1865 to 1900, how did the growth of industry affect American society?The United States experienced the disappearance of the traditionalPopulation centers shifted from the Northeast to the SouthRestrictions on immigration created a more homogeneous culture.The percentage of Americans living in urban areas increased.Gilded Age: Question 27 of 100During the late 1800’s, a major reaction to the activities of labor unions in the United States was thatthe press in most communities supported unionsUnited States Presidents opposed the use of Federal troops to end strikes called by organized laborcourts frequently issued injunctions to stop strikesmost factory workers quickly joined the unionsGilded Age: Question 28 of 100Many wealthy American industralists of the late 19th century used the theory of Social Darwinism tosupport the labor union movementjustify monopolistic actionspromote legislation establishing a minimum wageencourage charitable orga-nizations to help the poorGilded Age: Question 29 of 100Prior to 1880, the number of immigrants to the United States was not restricted mainly becauseindustry owners wanted cheap laborthe nations of Europe dis-couraged emigrationthe United States birthrate was increasingCongress lacked the power to limit immigrationGilded Age: Question 30 of 100Laws requiring individuals to pass civil service examinations to obtain government jobs were enacted toeliminate patronage and corruption in government hiringallow the government to compete with private industry for employeessupport the development of public employee labor unionsencourage the growth of local political partiesGilded Age: Question 31 of 100According to the theory of laissez faire, the economy functions best when the governmentsubsidizes business so that it can compete worldwideregulates businesses for the good of the majorityowns major industriesdoes not interfere in businessGilded Age: Question 32 of 100Businesses formed trusts, pools, and holding companies mainly toincrease profits by eliminating competitionoffer a wide range of goods and services to consumersprovide employment opportunities for minoritiesprotect the interests of workersGilded Age: Question 33 of 100The Rockefeller Foundation, Carnegie Hall, and the Morgan Library illustrate various ways that entrepreneurs and their descendants havesuppressed the growth of labor unionssupported philanthropic activities to benefit societyapplied scientific discoveries to industryattempted to undermine the United States eco-nomic systemGilded Age: Question 34 of 100The major reason the United States placed few restrictions on immigration during the 1800’s was thatfew Europeans wished to give up their economic securitylittle opposition to immigration existedthe growing economy needed a steady supply of cheap labormost immigrants spoke English and thus needed little or no educationGilded Age: Question 35 of 100The American Federation of Labor became the first long-lasting, successful labor union in the United States mainly because itrefused to participate in strikes against employersconcentrated on organizing workers in industries in the Southformed its own political party and elected many prolabor public officialsfought for the rights of skilled workersGilded Age: Question 36 of 100In the United States during the late 19th century, much of the prejudice expressed toward immigrants was based on the belief that they wouldcause overcrowding in farm areasrefuse to become citizenssupport the enemies of the United States in wartimefail to assimilate into American societyGilded Age: Question 37 of 100The actions of Jane Addams, Ida Tarbell, and Booker T. Washington illustrate that reform in the United States hasutilized a variety of methods to achieve many goalsdepended on support from religious groupsrelied on programs initiated by the Federal Governmentpromoted women’s suffrage as its main goalGilded Age: Question 38 of 100Speaker A:"To preserve our American culture, people whose national origins do not match the origins of our nation’s founders must be refused admission."Speaker B:". . . let us admit only the best educated from every racial and ethnic group . . ."Speaker C:". . . there is an appalling danger to the American wage earner from the flood of low, unskilled, ignorant, foreign workers who have poured into the country . . ."Speaker D:"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free . . ."People who support unrestricted immigration would agree most withSpeaker ASpeaker BSpeaker CSpeaker DGilded Age: Question 39 of 100In the decades after the Civil War, the major result of the shift from single proprietorship to corporate organization was that business was able tomake more efficient use of natural resourcesconcentrate on improving the quality of manufactured goodsprovide workers with higher wagesraise large sums of moneyGilded Age: Question 40 of 100During the period from 1865 to 1900, disputes between labor and management were often marked bythe use of violence by both sidescooperative efforts to resolve differencesgovernment support of striking workersarbitration by the Federal GovernmentGilded Age: Question 41 of 100The Federal Civil Service System was begun in the late 19th century primarily toreward political party supportersreduce the practice of political patronagesecure political campaign contributionsprovide government contracts for big businessGilded Age: Question 42 of 100During the 19th century, what was the major reason that an increasing number of states established public schools and passed compulsory education laws?Reformers argued that an educated, literate population was necessary for a successful democracy.The Supreme Court required the states to do so.Most jobs required a high school diploma.The United States had begun a massive program of technical training to enhance its international economic position.Gilded Age: Question 43 of 100Jacob Riis, Jane Addams, and Margaret Sanger are most closely associated with efforts toeducate and train formerly enslaved personspreserve the natural environmentadvance the interests of organized laborimprove conditions for the poorGilded Age: Question 44 of 100One way in which the Chinese Exclusion Act, the Gentlemen’s Agreement, and the National Origins Act were similar is that all were expressions ofimperialismnativismmilitarismManifest DestinyGilded Age: Question 45 of 100Both the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were passed in response to the problem ofcompanies refusing to hire minority workersbusinesses choosing to hire illegal immigrantsunsafe working conditions in factoriesbusiness combinations limiting competitionGilded Age: Question 46 of 100Industrialists of the late 1800s contributed most to economic growth bysupporting the efforts of labor unionsestablishing large corporationsencouraging government ownership of banksopposing protective tariffsGilded Age: Question 47 of 100According to the cartoon, how was the United States in the 1990s similar to the United States in the 1890s??Little need existed for government regulation.Investment in the stock market decreased.The price of petroleum products decreased.Business consolidation was accepted practice.Gilded Age: Question 48 of 100The main purpose of this 1886 poster was to?oppose immigrants who took jobs from American workerssupport nativist calls for limitations on labor unionsorganize a protest against acts of police brutality against workersshow support for police actions against foreign revolutionariesGilded Age: Question 49 of 100During the second half of the 19th century, government commitment to the principles of laissez-faire capitalism contributed tohealthy and positive competition between businessesthe growth of small business firmsfriendly working relationships between labor and managementeconomic domination by business trustsGilded Age: Question 50 of 100In the late 19th century, owners of big businesses generally embraced Social Darwinism because it reinforced their belief thateconomic success demonstrates fitness to leadbusiness monopolies are contrary to the social orderall wealth should be returned to societyeconomic competition should be regulatedGilded Age: Question 51 of 100Which factor most influenced the growth of the United States economy between 1865 and 1900?development of the sharecropping systemsuccess of organized laborgovernmental policy of laissez fairerestrictions on immigrationGilded Age: Question 52 of 100Industrialists of the late 1800s used pools and trusts topromote fair business practices in the marketplaceincrease profits by minimizing competitionwork cooperatively with labor unionsexclude immigrant workers from factory jobsGilded Age: Question 53 of 100“Labor Leaders Executed for Causing Haymarket Riot” “State Militia Called In To End Homestead Strike” “1,000 Jailed as Silver Miners Protest Wage Cuts” Which statement about labor unions in the late 1800s is illustrated by these headlines??Strikes by labor unions usually gained public support.The government frequently opposed labor union activities.Labor union demands were usually met.Arbitration was commonly used to end labor unrest.Gilded Age: Question 54 of 100Which 19th-century business practice does this cartoon illustrate??forming cooperativesestablishing trade zonescreating monopoliesexpanding global marketsGilded Age: Question 55 of 100The cartoonist would most likely support federal government attempts to?pass antitrust legislationlimit regulation of businessestablish high tariffsstop industrial pollutionGilded Age: Question 56 of 100One factor that furthered industrialization in the United States between 1865 and 1900 was thedevelopment of the airplaneexpansion of the railroadsmass production of automobileswidespread use of steamboatsGilded Age: Question 57 of 100The term business monopoly can best be described asthe most common form of business in the United Statesgovernment control of the means of productionan agreement between partners to manage a corporationa company that controls or dominates an industryGilded Age: Question 58 of 100During the late 19th century, Samuel Gompers, Terence Powderly, and Eugene Debs were leaders in the movement tostop racial segregation of Native American Indianslimit illegal immigrationgain fair treatment of Native American Indiansimprove working conditionsGilded Age: Question 59 of 100The 19th-century philosophy of Social Darwinism maintained thatthe government should have control over the means of production and the marketplaceall social class distinctions in American society should be eliminatedeconomic success comes to those who are the hardest working and most competentwealth and income should be more equally distributedGilded Age: Question 60 of 100During the late 1800s, industrialization in the United States led tothe growth of the middle classan overall decline in labor union membershipthe creation of affirmative action programsa decrease in the use of natural resourcesGilded Age: Question 61 of 100In the late 19th century, the major argument used by labor union leaders against immigrants was that immigrantstook jobs from United States citizenscontributed little to enrich American lifeplaced financial drains on social servicesrefused to assimilate into American cultureGilded Age: Question 62 of 100Which generalization about population growth is supported by information in this chart???For every census listed, rural population exceeded urban population.By 1920, more people lived in cities than in rural areas.The Civil War significantly slowed the rate of population growth.Most urban population growth was due to people migrating from rural areas.Gilded Age: Question 63 of 100The slogan “Eight hours for work, eight hours for sleep, eight hours for what we will” was used in the late 1800s to promote a major goal offarmerspoliticiansindustrialistsorganized laborGilded Age: Question 64 of 100A significant contribution to the industrialization of the United States was Henry Ford’s development ofthe assembly lineelectric-powered vehiclesthe first holding companya new process for making steelGilded Age: Question 65 of 100One reason John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J. Pierpont Morgan were sometimes called robber barons was because theyrobbed from the rich to give to the poormade unnecessarily risky investmentsused ruthless business tactics against their competitorsstole money from the federal governmentGilded Age: Question 66 of 100In the 19th century, protective tariffs, subsidies for railroads, and open immigration showed that the federal government followed a policy ofsupport for economic developmentnoninterference in the free-market systemregulation of unfair business practicessupport for organized laborGilded Age: Question 67 of 100Which United States foreign policy was most directly related to the rise of big business in the late 1800s?détenteneutralitycontainmentimperialismGilded Age: Question 68 of 100Which statement describes a result of the Industrial Revolution in the United States?Farm production decreased.Slavery in the South increased.The population of the cities decreased.Immigration to the United States increased.Gilded Age: Question 69 of 100What was the main benefit that labor unions of the late 19th century gained for their members?job securityimproved wages and hourspaid vacationshealth insuranceGilded Age: Question 70 of 100During the late 1800s, business leaders formed trusts mainly toreduce priceseliminate competitionimprove worker productivityestablish overseas factoriesGilded Age: Question 71 of 100What is the main idea of this cartoon??The Standard Oil Company was a harmful monopoly.The best way to develop major industries was to form ernment regulations were strangling the Standard Oil Company.Foreign competition in the oil industry was hurting American companies.Gilded Age: Question 72 of 100In the late 1800s, the theory of laissez-faire capitalism was used by many industrialists topetition the government for assistance during times of financial crisisoppose colonial expansion in Africa and Asiaargue against government regulation of business practicesdefend limits on the number of immigrants allowed to work in factoriesGilded Age: Question 73 of 100During the late 1800s, a major reason labor unions had difficulty achieving their goals was thatgovernment supported business over laborindustrialization created better working conditionsthere was a shortage of new workersbusinesses promoted labor officials to management positionsGilded Age: Question 74 of 100Speaker A: “When demand ran high, and markets were scarce,he showed little mercy, broke his contracts for delivery and raised prices.”Speaker B: “The man of wealth must hold his fortune ‘in trust’ for thecommunity and use it for philanthropic and charitable purposes.”Speaker C: “It is cruel to slander the rich because they have been successful.They have gone into great enterprises that have enriched the nation andthe nation has enriched them.”Speaker D: “The fruits of the toil of millions are boldly stolen to build upcolossal fortunes for the few, unprecedented in the history of mankind.”?Which two speakers would most likely label late 19th-century industrialists as?robber barons?A and BA and DB and CC and DGilded Age: Question 75 of 100Speaker A: “When demand ran high, and markets were scarce,he showed little mercy, broke his contracts for delivery and raised prices.”Speaker B: “The man of wealth must hold his fortune ‘in trust’ for thecommunity and use it for philanthropic and charitable purposes.”Speaker C: “It is cruel to slander the rich because they have been successful.They have gone into great enterprises that have enriched the nation andthe nation has enriched them.”Speaker D: “The fruits of the toil of millions are boldly stolen to build upcolossal fortunes for the few, unprecedented in the history of mankind.”?The most valid conclusion that can be drawn from the different viewpoints of these speakers is that industrialists of the late 19th centurybenefited and harmed societytreated their workers fairlyused illegal means to gain wealthgenerally opposed the free-enterprise economic systemGilded Age: Question 76 of 100What is the main idea of this cartoon from the 1800s??Labor is gaining power over big business.Most Americans support the labor movement.Business has advantages over ernment should support the expansion of railroads.Gilded Age: Question 77 of 100The American Federation of Labor responded to the situation shown in the cartoon by?organizing skilled workers into unionsencouraging open immigrationforming worker-owned businessescreating a single union of workers and farmersGilded Age: Question 78 of 100In the late 1800s, supporters of laissez-faire capitalism claimed that government regulation of business would beessential to protect the rights of consumersnecessary to provide jobs for the unemployeduseful in competing with foreign nationsharmful to economic growthGilded Age: Question 79 of 100Which economic concept is best illustrated by the cartoon???supply and demandmercantilismmonopolytradeGilded Age: Question 80 of 100Mark Twain labeled the late 1800s in the United States the “Gilded Age” to describe theend of the practice of slaveryabsence of international conflictsextremes of wealth and povertyachievements of the labor movementGilded Age: Question 81 of 100During the 19th century, New York was one of the most powerful states in the nation because itbecame the financial and industrial center of the nationled the nation in achieving political reformsproduced more presidents than any other stateoffered more civil liberties than any other stateGilded Age: Question 82 of 100During the late 19th century, which practices were used by employers against workers?boycotts and lockoutspicketing and walkoutsblacklists and yellow-dog contractsmass rallies and sit-down strikesGilded Age: Question 83 of 100The term robber baron was used to criticize thetactics of big-business leaderscorruption of government officialsdishonesty of carpetbaggersunskilled labor of illegal immigrantsGilded Age: Question 84 of 100What major trend related to population occurred during the industrialization boom of the late 1800s?Immigration decreasedSuburbanization decreasedUrbanization increasedMigration to rural areas increasedGilded Age: Question 85 of 100Henry Ford produced a more affordable car primarily because his companypaid workers lower wages than its competitors paidused foreign-made partsdeveloped a less expensive method of productionoffered a variety of options to buyersGilded Age: Question 86 of 100In a United States history textbook, the terms bread and butter unionism, Gospel of Wealth, and mechanization would most likely be found in a chapter entitledReconstruction (1865–1877)Industrialization (1870–1900)Imperialism (1898–1905)The Roaring Twenties (1920–1929)Gilded Age: Question 87 of 100Both the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act wereinspired by the effectiveness of earlier state lawsdesigned to protect business from foreign competitiondeclared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the late 1800spassed by the federal government to regulate big businessGilded Age: Question 88 of 100During the late 1800s, the defenders of Social Darwinism would most likely have supportedlabor unionsprogressive income taxeslaissez-faire capitalismenvironmental conservationGilded Age: Question 89 of 100“. . . This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of Wealth: First, to set an example of modest,unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for thelegitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenueswhich come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound asa matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated toproduce the most beneficial results for the community— . . .”— Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,”?North American Review, June 1889According to this passage, the responsibility of the wealthy is toinvest in future industry to increase wealthshare their excess wealth with the communitymaintain a lifestyle consistent with their wealthinfluence government to assist all peopleGilded Age: Question 90 of 100What is the main idea of the cartoon??Government policies have created a recessionAmericans support the activities of trustsGood government has saved the country from trustsTrusts are a threat to the nationGilded Age: Question 91 of 100Which group would most likely have favored government action to address the issue shown in the cartoon??bankersunionsindustrialistsrailroad ownersGilded Age: Question 92 of 100Which development led to the other three?growth of tenements and slumsshift from a rural to an urban lifestylerapid industrial growthwidespread use of child laborGilded Age: Question 93 of 100Which group’s numbers increased the most as a result of the Industrial Revolution?skilled craftsmenlanded aristocracyowners of small farmsurban middle classGilded Age: Question 94 of 100Business leaders John D. Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt were referred to as robber barons primarily because theybought titles of nobility from foreign governmentswere ruthless in dealing with competitorsstole money from state and local governmentsgained all of their wealth by illegal meansGilded Age: Question 95 of 100During the late 1800s, what was the main reason labor unions had difficulty achieving gains for workers?Communists had taken control of the major unionsThe government supported business efforts to limit the powers of unionsMost unions had been organized by big business.Most workers were satisfied with working conditions.Gilded Age: Question 96 of 100The growth of a large business is merely survivalof the fittest. The American beauty rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it. This is not an evil tendency in business. It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God. . . .” -John D. Rockefeller, Jr.Which concept is described by this passage?communismPopulismutopian socialismSocial DarwinismGilded Age: Question 97 of 100The growth of big business in the late 1800s resulted ina reduction in child laborthe elimination of the middle classthe widening of the economic gap between rich and poora shift in transportation investment from railroads to canalsGilded Age: Question 98 of 100In the late 19th century, Congress tried to limit the power of monopolies bycreating the Federal Trade Commissionstrengthening the Supreme Courtadopting Granger lawspassing the Sherman Antitrust ActGilded Age: Question 99 of 100According to the graph, which was the first year in which more Americans lived in urban areas than in rural areas??1860189019201930Gilded Age: Question 100 of 100What was a major cause of the trend shown in the chart??availability of cheap farmlandincreased industrializationend of restrictions on immigrationcompletion of the interstate highway system3d. Granger and Populist MovementGranger & Populist Movements: Question 1 of 26Which conclusion can be drawn about the impact of the Populist and the Progressive parties on the United States?Some third-party goals eventually become planks in the platforms of the major parties.The United States has steadily moved from a two-party system to a multiparty system.Religious ideals have most often motivated people to splinter away from major parties .An increasing number of citizens have grown weary of party politics and fail to vote in elections.Granger & Populist Movements: Question 2 of 26In the late 19th century, farmers desired “cheap money” policies because farmers believed that rising prices for their crops wouldenable them to pay back their loans more easilyrequire banks to lend them more money at reduced interest ratesforce manufacturers to reduce the prices of manufactured goods purchased by farmerscause the price of undeveloped farmland to dropGranger & Populist Movements: Question 3 of 26During the 1870’s and 1880’s, midwestern farmers found that earning a living was increasingly difficult becauseprices of agricultural products were increasingrailroad companies charged high rates for transporting farm productsagricultural output was declining rapidlyfarm labor was becoming more unionizedGranger & Populist Movements: Question 4 of 26The Populists believed that most of the United States economic problems would be solved by establishingcurrency reformpostal savings banksa national property taxa renewed policy of open immigrationGranger & Populist Movements: Question 5 of 26A main goal of the Granger movement of the 1870’s and 1880’s was toforce the railroads to lower freight ratesreduce the rate of inflationstrengthen labor unionsimprove living conditions in urban slumsGranger & Populist Movements: Question 6 of 26Although the Populist Party failed to elect its candidates to the Presidency, some of the Party’s aims were later achieved by theadoption of the gold standardelimination of racial segregation laws in the Southcreation of a graduated income tax and the direct election of Senatorsestablishment of higher protective tariffs on manufactured goodsGranger & Populist Movements: Question 7 of 26During the early 1900’s, the initiative, recall, and referendum were changes made in many states to givecitizens the right to choose Presidential candidatesvoters greater direct participation in governmentworkers more rights in the collective bargain-ing processbusiness leaders more control over their industriesGranger & Populist Movements: Question 8 of 26-Free and unlimited coinage of silver-Government ownership of railroads-Graduated income taxWhich of these political parties first proposed these reforms in its platform?Republican Party in 1876Populist Party in 1892Bull-Moose Party 1912Democratic Party in 1932Granger & Populist Movements: Question 9 of 26A common characteristic of third political parties in the United States is that theytend to focus on one person or one issuecome into existence only during periods of corruptionhave dealt mainly with foreign policy issueshave frequently forced Congress to decide Presidential electionsGranger & Populist Movements: Question 10 of 26The Populist Party was important in United States history because itsucceeded in electing two presidential candidateswon control of many state governmentsproposed ideas that later became lawachieved suffrage for African AmericansGranger & Populist Movements: Question 11 of 26In the late 1800s, many business practices of the railroads led to?an increase in the unemployment ratean increase in the demand for government regulationa decrease in the demand for raw materialsa decrease in the variety of products available for consumersGranger & Populist Movements: Question 12 of 26In the second half of the 19th century, agriculture in the United States was transformed most by theincrease in prices paid for farm productsdecline in the population growth rate of the United Statesdecline in demand for agricultural productsincrease in the use of farm machineryGranger & Populist Movements: Question 13 of 26“Transportation being a means of exchange and apublic necessity, the government should own andoperate the railroads in the interest of the people.”(1892)Which group showed the greatest support for this idea??western farmersunion leadersfactory ownersrailroad ownersGranger & Populist Movements: Question 14 of 26A goal of the Granger and Populist movements was toexpand rights for African Americanshelp western farmers fight unjust economic practicesprovide support for the banking industryenable big business to expand without government interferenceGranger & Populist Movements: Question 15 of 26The Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act were passed by Congress toincrease safety in the workplacepromote fair hiring practicesimprove working conditionsprotect the interests of small businessesGranger & Populist Movements: Question 16 of 26What was a major effect of the Agricultural Revolution in the United States during the late 1800s?Unemployed factory workers could find jobs in agriculture.Food supplies were increased to feed urban dwellers.The size of farms decreased.United States farm exports decreased.Granger & Populist Movements: Question 17 of 26The Populist movement was most interested in improving conditions forfarmersbusiness leadersAfrican AmericansNative American IndiansGranger & Populist Movements: Question 18 of 26In the late 1800s, the Granger movement tried to improve conditions for farmers bylowering the rate of inflationstrengthening the gold standardforcing railroads to lower their ratesmaking labor unions strongerGranger & Populist Movements: Question 19 of 26Which trend is shown in these graphs??When production increases, prices decrease.When production increases, prices increase.When production remains unchanged, prices decrease.Prices and production are usually unrelated.Granger & Populist Movements: Question 20 of 26As a result of the trends shown in the graphs, the Populist Party wanted the federal government to increase the money supply to?raise the prices of cropslimit the exportation of corndiscourage the consumption of cornincrease agricultural importsGranger & Populist Movements: Question 21 of 26The Farmer is the ManWhen the farmer comes to townWith his wagon broken down,Oh, the farmer is the manWho feeds them all. . . .The farmer is the man,The farmer is the man,Lives on credit till the fall;Then they take him by the handAnd they lead him from the land,And the middleman’s the manWho gets it all. . . .— American folk songThe problem identified by this folk song was a result oflow profits forcing many people out of farmingfarm productivity declining for several decadestoo many Americans entering the occupation of farmingpoor farming practices destroying croplandGranger & Populist Movements: Question 22 of 26The Farmer is the ManWhen the farmer comes to townWith his wagon broken down,Oh, the farmer is the manWho feeds them all. . . .The farmer is the man,The farmer is the man,Lives on credit till the fall;Then they take him by the handAnd they lead him from the land,And the middleman’s the manWho gets it all. . . .— American folk songWhich political party focused most of its efforts on the problem identified in this song?Bull MooseFree SoilPopulistProgressiveGranger & Populist Movements: Question 23 of 26What common problem did farmers of the 1890s and farmers of the 1920s face?failure to plant enough crops to meet local needsgovernment overregulation of farminglow tariffs on cropsoverproduction compared to consumer demandGranger & Populist Movements: Question 24 of 26We mean to make things over, we are tired of toil for naught, With but bare enough to live upon, and never an hour for thought; We want to feel the sunshine, and we want to smell the flowers, We are sure that God has will’d it, and we mean to have eight hours. We’re summoning our forces from the shipyard, shop and mill, Chorus. Eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, eight hours for what we will! Eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, eight hours for what we will! — I.G. Blanchard, “Eight Hours,” 1878 During the late 1800s, the ideas expressed in these lyrics were the goals oforganizers of labor unionssharecroppers following the Civil WarGrangers demanding railroad regulationowners of big businessesGranger & Populist Movements: Question 25 of 26We mean to make things over, we are tired of toil for naught, With but bare enough to live upon, and never an hour for thought; We want to feel the sunshine, and we want to smell the flowers, We are sure that God has will’d it, and we mean to have eight hours. We’re summoning our forces from the shipyard, shop and mill, Chorus. Eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, eight hours for what we will! Eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, eight hours for what we will! — I.G. Blanchard, “Eight Hours,” 1878 In the 1890s, which political party incorporated the chief concern expressed in this song into its platform?Know-NothingPopulistWhigBull MooseGranger & Populist Movements: Question 26 of 26The mechanization of agriculture in the United States led directly toan increase in productionless dependence on railroads by farmersfewer agricultural exportsthe decreasing size of the average farm3e: ImmigrationImmigration: Question 1 of 23At the turn of the century, why did most immigrants to the United States settle in cities?Jobs were readily ernment relief programs required immigrants to settle in cities.Labor union leaders encouraged unrestricted immigration.Immigrants were not permitted to buy farmland.Immigration: Question 2 of 23Which statement about immigration to the United States during the 19th century is most valid?Organized labor supported unlimited immigration.Most immigrants to the United States were illegal aliens.Industrial growth led to a demand for cheap immigrant labor.Few immigrants came from western Europe.Immigration: Question 3 of 23"America’s strength lies in its diversity. Many immigrant groups have joined the mainstream of American life, while maintaining their languages, religions, and traditions. This has made the United States a strong nation."The author of this statement could best be described as a supporter ofnativismethnocentrismcultural pluralismlimited social mobilityImmigration: Question 4 of 23In the late 19th century, the pattern of United States immigration changed in thatfar fewer immigrants arrived in the United States than in previous yearsmost immigrants chose to settle in the rural, farming regions of the western United Statesincreasing numbers of immigrants came from eastern and southern Europemost immigrants were political refugeesImmigration: Question 5 of 23Which statement about immigration to the United States is most accurate?The desire for economic advancement has been a major reason for immigration to the United StatesThe ethnic mix of immigrants to the United States has remained mostly unchanged.The number of immigrants has remained constant in each decade during most of United States history.Nearly all immigrants have easily assimilated into American culture.Immigration: Question 6 of 23What was the experience of most of the “new immigrants” who arrived in the United States from southern and eastern Europe in the late 1800s and early 1900s?They lived in urban areas and most held lowpaying jobs.They obtained free land in the West and became farmers.They became discouraged with America and returned to their homelands.They were easily assimilated into mainstream American culture.Immigration: Question 7 of 23The intent of the United States immigration laws of the 1920s was toincrease economic opportunities for recent immigrantsencourage cultural diversityrestore an open-door policy toward immigrationrestrict immigration through the use of quotasImmigration: Question 8 of 23Between 1890 and 1915, the majority of immigrants to the United States were labeled “new immigrants” because they wereconsidered physically and mentally superior to earlier immigrantsforced to settle in the cities of the Midwestfrom China, Japan, and other Asian countriesculturally different from most earlier immigrantsImmigration: Question 9 of 23Which expression most accurately illustrates the concept of nativism?“Help Wanted — Irish Need Not Apply”“Go West, young man.”“America — first in war and peace”“The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself.”Immigration: Question 10 of 23Over the past twenty years, an objective of United States immigration policy has been toreduce the number of illegal immigrantskeep out immigrants from former communist nationsreturn to an open immigration policyencourage emigration from Western EuropeImmigration: Question 11 of 23Between 1870 and 1920, the federal government placed few restrictions on immigration primarily because it wanted tosell land in the Westrecruit men for the militaryensure that there would be workers for the factoriesavoid offending foreign governmentsImmigration: Question 12 of 23In the late 19th century, the major argument used by labor union leaders against immigrants was that immigrantscontributed little to enrich American liferefused to assimilate into American culturetook jobs from United States citizensplaced financial drains on social servicesImmigration: Question 13 of 23Speaker A:?“Our nation has grown and prospered from the ideas and labor of immigrants. Thenation has been enriched by immigrants from different nations who brought newideas and lifestyles, which have become part of American culture.”Speaker B:?“United States industries are competing with established European manufacturers.?To prosper, American industries need the vast supply of unskilled labor that isprovided by immigrants.”Speaker C:?“Immigrants are taking jobs at low wageswithout regard for long hours and workers’ safety. American workers must unite toend this unfair competition.”Speaker D:?“Immigrants arrive in American cities poor and frightened. They are helped to findjobs or housing. These newcomers should show their gratitude at voting time.”Which speaker is most clearly expressing the melting pot theory??ABCDImmigration: Question 14 of 23?Speaker A:?“Our nation has grown and prospered from the ideas and labor of immigrants. Thenation has been enriched by immigrants from different nations who brought newideas and lifestyles, which have become part of American culture.”Speaker B:?“United States industries are competing with established European manufacturers.?To prosper, American industries need the vast supply of unskilled labor that isprovided by immigrants.”Speaker C:?“Immigrants are taking jobs at low wageswithout regard for long hours and workers’ safety. American workers must unite toend this unfair competition.”Speaker D:?“Immigrants arrive in American cities poor and frightened. They are helped to findjobs or housing. These newcomers should show their gratitude at voting time.”?Speaker?D?is expressing an opinion most like that of a??labor union memberreligious leaderfactory ownerpolitical party bossImmigration: Question 15 of 23Between 1880 and 1900, most immigrants coming to the United States settled in the cities along the east coast becausemany factory jobs were available in the Eastlittle farmland remained to be settled in the Midwestmost immigrants came from the cities of Europecity laws afforded special rights and protections for immigrantsImmigration: Question 16 of 23Why did the United States follow a policy of open immigration during much of the 1800s?Many United States citizens wanted to live abroad.The United States had a shortage of labor.Prosperous conditions in Europe resulted in fewer immigrants coming to the United States.Immigrants provided United States industry with investment capital.Immigration: Question 17 of 23During the late 1800s and early 1900s, where did most of the immigrants to the United States settle?urban centers of the Northeastplantations of the New Southmining areas of the Far Westfarming regions of the Great PlainsImmigration: Question 18 of 23The Gentlemen’s Agreement, literacy tests, and the quota system were all attempts by Congress to restrictimmigrationproperty ownershipvoting rightsaccess to public educationImmigration: Question 19 of 23The “new immigrants” to the United States between 1890 and 1915 came primarily fromsouthern and eastern Europenorthern and western EuropeEast AsiaLatin AmericaImmigration: Question 20 of 23According to the cartoonist, the United States has?an ethnically diverse populationan overly restrictive immigration policya national requirement that high school students learn foreign languagesa census report printed in languages that are spoken in the United StatesImmigration: Question 21 of 23The data in the chart support the idea that the immigration laws of 1921 and 1924 were primarily designed to?stop illegal entry into the countryadmit skilled workersencourage immigration from southern Europereduce immigration from specific regionsImmigration: Question 22 of 23The United States adopted the immigration policies shown in the chart mainly because of?pressures from nativists and labor unionshardships caused by the Great Depressionprejudices generated during World War IIthreats from other nations to stop migration to the United StatesImmigration: Question 23 of 23Between 1880 and 1920, the majority of the “new” immigrants to the United States came fromnorthern and western Europesouthern and eastern EuropeCanada and Latin AmericaChina and Southeast Asia4a. American ImperialismAmerican Imperialism: Question 1 of 28Which statement best describes President Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy position toward Latin America in the early 1900’s?The United States should reduce its involvement in Latin American affairs.The Monroe Doctrine permits the United States to intervene actively in the affairs of Latin American nations.Latin American nations should form an organization to help them achieve political and economic stability.The United States should give large amounts of financial aid to help the poor of Latin Amenca.American Imperialism: Question 2 of 28The Republican Presidents of the 1920’s generally followed a foreign policy based oncollective securitybrinkmanshipnoninvolvementmilitarismAmerican Imperialism: Question 3 of 28The speakers below are discussing foreign policies that the United States has followed at various times. Base your answers on their statements and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: Steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. Speaker B: The United States will give economic aid to needy countries anywhere in the world, but will not provide military aid. Speaker C: The United States must prevent the growth of communism. Speaker D: The United States can take over other countries to help them become more like us. Which speakers would most likely support a United States foreign policy of interventionA and BA and CC and DB and DAmerican Imperialism: Question 4 of 28The Monroe Doctrine declared that the United States wouldprevent the establishment of new European colonies anywhere in the worldhelp colonies in North and South America adopt a democratic form of governmentview European interference in the Americas as a threat to the national interest of the United Statesprevent other nations from trading with South American nationsAmerican Imperialism: Question 5 of 28One important conclusion that can be drawn as a result of the United States experience in both the Spanish-American War (1898) and the Persian Gulf War (1991) is thatonly the President should decide issues of war and peacethe media are a powerful influence in shaping American public opinion toward warthe public has little confidence in the ability of the American militaryinternational organizations play a decisive role in determining the outcome of a warAmerican Imperialism: Question 6 of 28In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine was established mainly because the United States wanted tokeep control of Alaska and Hawaiiestablish more colonies in Latin Americasupport England’s attempt to keep its empire in Central Americawarn Europe against any further colonization in Latin AmericaAmerican Imperialism: Question 7 of 28Why did the United States formulate the Open Door policy toward China?to develop democratic institutions and practices in Chinato prevent a European and Japanese monopoly of Chinese trade and marketsto establish a military presence on the Chinese mainlandto support Japanese efforts to industrialize ChinaAmerican Imperialism: Question 8 of 28From 1900 to 1915, a basic aim of United States foreign policy was todevelop close economic ties with African nationsoppose revolutionary movements in western Europepromote United States influence in Latin Americaprevent the spread of communism in western Europe and AsiaAmerican Imperialism: Question 9 of 28"I took the Canal and let Congress debate." -Theodore Roosevelt This quotation best demonstratesan effort by a President to maintain a policy of isolationisma decline in the use of militarism as a defense policyan increased reliance on the legislative processa Presidential action that achieved a foreign policy objectiveAmerican Imperialism: Question 10 of 28Early in the 20th century, Presidents William Taft and Woodrow Wilson used the concept of dollar diplomacy tohelp European nations avoid warexpand United States influence in Chinaprotect United States investments in Latin Americasupport welfare programs for immigrants to the United StatesAmerican Imperialism: Question 11 of 28The main reason the United States developed the Open Door policy was toallow the United States to expand its trade with Chinademonstrate the positive features of democracy to Chinese leadersaid the Chinese Nationalists in their struggle with the Chinese Communistsencourage Chinese workers to come to the United StatesAmerican Imperialism: Question 12 of 28President Theodore Roosevelt’s policies toward Latin America were evidence of his belief innoninvolvement in world affairsintervention when American business interests were threatenedthe sovereign rights of all nationsthe need for European interference in the Western HemisphereAmerican Imperialism: Question 13 of 28Throughout United States history, the most important aim of the country’s foreign policy has beenparticipation in international organizationsadvancement of national self-interestcontainment of communismdevelopment of military alliancesAmerican Imperialism: Question 14 of 28Involvement in the Spanish-American War, acquisition of Hawaii, and introduction of the Open Door policy in China were actions taken by the United States Government toestablish military alliances with other nationsgain overseas markets and sources of raw materialsbegin the policy of manifest destinysupport isolationist forces in CongressAmerican Imperialism: Question 15 of 28Which foreign policy position was held by both President James Monroe and President Theodore Roosevelt?Trade with other nations should be sharply reduced.The United States should follow a policy of isolationism.A special relationship should exist between the United States and the nations of Latin America.The United States should send troops to aid revolutionary movements in European nationsAmerican Imperialism: Question 16 of 28United States annexation of the Philippines (1898) and military involvement in Vietnam (1960’s and 1970’s) are similar because in each event the United Statesachieved its long-range foreign policy objectivesput the domino theory into actiondemonstrated the strength and success of its military powerprovoked domestic debate about its involvement in the internal affairs of other nationsAmerican Imperialism: Question 17 of 28During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, United States policy toward Latin America was most strongly characterized byfriendship and trustintervention and paternalismtolerance and humanitarianismindifference and neglectAmerican Imperialism: Question 18 of 28The principle that the United States has the right to act as the "policeman of the Western Hemisphere" and intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American nations was established by theGood Neighbor policyOpen Door policyRoosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineMarshall PlanAmerican Imperialism: Question 19 of 28Which argument was used to support United States acquisition of overseas possessions in the late 1800’s?The United States needed to obtain raw materials and new markets.The spread of Marxist ideas had to be stopped because they threatened world peace.The United States should be the first world power to build a colonial empire.The doctrine of Manifest Destiny had become obsolete.American Imperialism: Question 20 of 28During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, United States intervention in Latin America was motivated by the United States desire toprotect its growing investments in Latin Americaencourage Latin American trade with Europeend Latin American independence movementsreduce the influence of communism in Latin AmericaAmerican Imperialism: Question 21 of 28“But today we are raising more than we can consume. Today we are making more than we can use. Today our industrial society is congested; there are more workers than there is work; there is more capital than there is investment. We do not need more money—we need more circulation, more employment. Therefore, we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our labor. . . .” — Senator Albert J. Beveridge, 1898 This statement provides a reason why political leaders of the late 1800s adopted the policy of?imperialismisolationismprotectionismcollective securityAmerican Imperialism: Question 22 of 28Which United States foreign policy was most directly related to the rise of big business in the late 1800s?containmentimperialismdétenteneutralityAmerican Imperialism: Question 23 of 28The main reason the United States implemented the Open Door policy in China was topromote immigrationexpand democratic reformsencourage religious freedomguarantee access to marketsAmerican Imperialism: Question 24 of 28Which United States policy is most closely associated with the annexation of Hawaii and the Philippines?neutralityisolationismimperialisminternational cooperationAmerican Imperialism: Question 25 of 28Yellow journalists created support for the Spanish-American War by writing articles about thepolitical popularity of William Jennings Bryanefforts of the United States to control Mexicodestruction of United States sugar plantations by Hawaiianssinking of the United States battleship Maine in Havana HarborAmerican Imperialism: Question 26 of 28Which factor is most closely associated with the decision of the United States to declare war on Spain in 1898?isolationist policylabor union pressureyellow journalismunrestricted submarine warfareAmerican Imperialism: Question 27 of 28News organizations were engaging in yellow journalism before the Spanish-American War whenpublishers tried to prevent the wararticles about Cuba were fair and balancededitors exaggerated events to build support for warwriters ignored the situation in CubaAmerican Imperialism: Question 28 of 28The United States issued the Open Door policy (1899–1900) primarily tobring democratic government to the Chinese peoplesecure equal trade opportunities in Chinaforce China to change its immigration policiesuse China as a stepping stone to trade with Japan4b. Progressive MovementProgressive Movement: Question 1 of 70The United States Federal Reserve System was established toprovide loans to industrialistsend the Great Depressionprovide for a balanced budgetregulate the money supplyProgressive Movement: Question 2 of 70President Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal and President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society were similar in that bothreturned control of social welfare programs to the statesrelied on individual initiative to improve the economywere supported by Congress over the objections of the majority of state governmentsincreased the role of the Federal Government in dealing with social and economic problemsProgressive Movement: Question 3 of 70Which action was necessary to change from the indirect to the direct election of United States Senators?ratification of a constitutional amendmentpassage of a Federal lawa Supreme Court decisiona national referendumProgressive Movement: Question 4 of 70An important political aim of the Progressive movement was toguarantee government jobs for the unemployedstimulate democratic reforms such as the initiative and the referendumcreate a unicameral national legislatureincrease the participation of African Americans in the Federal GovernmentProgressive Movement: Question 5 of 70Congress has attempted to deal with the issue of taxing citizens fairly by enacting ahigh tariffproperty taxsales taxgraduated income taxProgressive Movement: Question 6 of 70The abolitionist movement, the women’s suffrage movement, and the 1960’s civil rights movement are all examples of reform efforts thatsucceeded without causing major controversydeveloped significant popular supportachieved their goals without government actionfailed to affect the nation as a wholeProgressive Movement: Question 7 of 70In the period from 1890 to 1920, which development was the result of the other three?labor union agitation in response to unemploymentProgressive Party plea for compulsory educationpublic outcry following numerous industrial accidentspassage of child labor laws by individual statesProgressive Movement: Question 8 of 70A main purpose of President Theodore Roosevelt’s trustbusting policies was toreduce corruption in governmentsave the nation’s banksencourage competition in businessend strikes by labor unionsProgressive Movement: Question 9 of 70Since 1913, the United States banking system, interest rates, and the amount of money in circulation have largely been controlled by theUnited States Supreme CourtFederal Reserve SystemFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationPresident’s Council of Economic AdvisorsProgressive Movement: Question 10 of 70During which period in United States history were the amendments concerning the income tax, direct election of Senators. Prohibition, and women’s suffrage enacted?ReconstructionThe Gilded AgeProgressive EraNew DealProgressive Movement: Question 11 of 70Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert M. LaFollette are all considered progressives because theysupported the formation of the first trade unionused Presidential power to break up strikesworked to limit the power of big businessformed the first civil rights organizationsProgressive Movement: Question 12 of 70A progressive income tax is based on the idea thattaxpayers with larger incomes should be taxed at a higher rateall taxpayers should be taxed equal amounts of moneyall income should be taxed at the same ratetaxation should be used to encourage social programsProgressive Movement: Question 13 of 70Speaker A:?"The business of America is business, and we would be wise to remember that."Speaker B:"Government ownership of business is superior to private enterprise."Speaker C:"Strict government regulation of business practices is a means to insure the public good."Speaker D:"Only through personal effort can wealth and success be achieved."Which speaker would most likely have supported the ideas of the Progressive movement?Speaker ASpeaker BSpeaker CSpeaker DProgressive Movement: Question 14 of 70In the early 20th century, muckrakers were able to influence American society mainly through theirfrequent acts of civil disobedienceactivities as government officialspublication of articles and bookscontrol over factoriesProgressive Movement: Question 15 of 70The initiative, referendum, recall, and direct primary are all intended tomake the President more responsive to the wishes of Congressreduce the influence of the media on electionsgive political parties more control of the electoral processincrease participation in government by citizensProgressive Movement: Question 16 of 70Which event of the early 1900’s is evidence that Upton Sinclair’s novel?The Jungle?had an important impact on the United States?adoption of reforms in public educationpassage of legislation limiting immigrationadoption of the 18th amendment establishing Prohibitionpassage of legislation requiring Federal inspection of meatProgressive Movement: Question 17 of 70A valid generalization about reform movements throughout United States history is thatreform movements have failed to use the media effectivelymost successful reform movements affect relatively few peoplemany reform movements have led to long-lasting changes in societymost reform movements have had little impact on the economyProgressive Movement: Question 18 of 70A major purpose of the Federal Reserve System is todeal with the trade deficit through tariffs and quotascontrol the minimum wageestablish the Federal budgetregulate interest rates and the money supplyProgressive Movement: Question 19 of 70A major goal of reformers during the Progressive Era was toend segregation in the Southcorrect the abuses of big businesslimit immigration from Latin Americaenact high tariffs to help domestic industry growProgressive Movement: Question 20 of 70The main purpose of a progressive income tax is tobase tax rates on a person's ability to payincrease government spending on welfare programstax everyone at the same percentage rateensure a balanced budgetProgressive Movement: Question 21 of 70A belief shared by Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson is that the Federal Government shouldallow the free-enterprise system to work without regulationuse its power to regulate unfair business practicesprovide jobs for unemployed workerssupport unions in labor-management disputesProgressive Movement: Question 22 of 70How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis (1890)The Jungle, Upton Sinclair (1906)The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck (1939)Unsafe at Any Speed, Ralph Nader (1965)What has been the impact of these authors and their books on American society?Most Americans have developed a preference for escapist and romantic literature.Most American authors have adopted a con-servative viewpointAmerican business has corrected poor condi-tions quickly.These works have had significant influence on social, political, and economic reforms.Progressive Movement: Question 23 of 70A major function of the Federal Reserve System is tosuggest ways for the Federal Government to save moneylend money to state governmentsmanage the supply of currency and bank creditissue United States Savings BondsProgressive Movement: Question 24 of 70The purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887), the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) was toeliminate unfair business practicesreduce imports from foreign nationsreduce the power of the unionsincrease the power of local governmentsProgressive Movement: Question 25 of 70A common characteristic of third political parties in the United States is that theytend to focus on one person or one issuecome into existence only during periods of corruptionhave dealt mainly with foreign policy issueshave frequently forced Congress to decide Presidential electionsProgressive Movement: Question 26 of 70The actions of Jane Addams, Ida Tarbell, and Booker T. Washington illustrate that reform in the United States hasutilized a variety of methods to achieve many goalsdepended on support from religious groupsrelied on programs initiated by the Federal Governmentpromoted women’s suffrage as its main goalProgressive Movement: Question 27 of 70Both the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were passed in response to the problem ofcompanies refusing to hire minority workersbusinesses choosing to hire illegal immigrantsunsafe working conditions in factoriesbusiness combinations limiting competitionProgressive Movement: Question 28 of 70The Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were passed in an effort topromote the formation of new trustsmaintain competition in businessincrease business investmentlimit the activities of foreign corporationsProgressive Movement: Question 29 of 70One idea that both Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois supported is thatAfrican Americans should have increased civil rightsvocational training was the best approach to educationimmigration was responsible for racial segregationJim Crow laws were needed to help African AmericansProgressive Movement: Question 30 of 70Which leader founded a vocational training institution in the late 1800s to improve economic opportunities for African Americans?George Washington CarverFrederick DouglassW. E. B. Du BoisBooker T. WashingtonProgressive Movement: Question 31 of 70The initiative, referendum, and recall election were supported by the Progressives as ways tolimit government regulation of the presslimit the role of the Supreme Court in constitutional issuesincrease citizen participation in the political processincrease the influence of major political partiesProgressive Movement: Question 32 of 70Jacob Riis, in How the Other Half Lives, and Lincoln Steffens, in The Shame of the Cities, contributed to reform movements in the United States byexposing poverty and corruptionopposing westward expansioncriticizing racial injusticesupporting organized laborProgressive Movement: Question 33 of 70Lincoln Steffens and Jane Addams are best known forattempting to ease the problems of the urban poorfighting for temperance and Prohibitionleading political movements on behalf of the Populist Partypromoting the interests of organized laborProgressive Movement: Question 34 of 70The Clayton Antitrust Act was passed torestore business competitionend stock market speculationprosecute corrupt labor unionsbreak up city political party machinesProgressive Movement: Question 35 of 70The Federal Reserve System attempts to manage the United States economy bysetting tariff ratesraising or lowering income taxesinsuring bank accountsregulating interest ratesProgressive Movement: Question 36 of 70What was a significant impact of the Progressive movement on American life?increased government regulation of businessincreased restrictions on presidential powersdecreased influence of the media on public policyreduced government spending for social programsProgressive Movement: Question 37 of 70“Jane Addams Opens Hull House”“Jacob Riis Photographs Tenement Residents”“Ida Tarbell Exposes Standard Oil Company”These headlines represent efforts by individuals tosupport business monopoliesimprove depressed urban areassolve problems of American farmerscorrect abuses of the Industrial RevolutionProgressive Movement: Question 38 of 70Which heading best completes the partial outline below?I. ___________________________??? A. Secret ballot??? B. Direct election of senators??? C. Recall??? D. ReferendumChecks and BalancesUnwritten ConstitutionProgressive ReformsUniversal SuffrageProgressive Movement: Question 39 of 70Which statement best summarizes President Theodore Roosevelt’s views about conservation?Environmental issues are best decided by the private sector.Unlimited access to natural resources is the key to business growth.Wilderness areas and their resources should be protected for the public good.Decisions about the use of natural resources should be left to the states.Progressive Movement: Question 40 of 70The Populist and the Progressive movements were similar in their approaches to reform in that bothsupported the return of powers to the state governmentspromoted the use of violent strikes and protests against big business organizationsopposed the strict laissez-faire attitudes of the federal governmentlobbied for immediate social and economic equality for African Americans Progressive Movement: Question 41 of 70The cartoon illustrates President Theodore Roosevelt’s attempt to?ignore antitrust lawsconserve natural resourceslimit the power of monopolieseliminate foreign ownership of United States corporations Progressive Movement: Question 42 of 70Reformers of the Progressive Era sought to reduce corruption in government by adopting a constitutional amendment that provided fora maximum of two terms for presidentsterm limits on members of Congressvoting rights for African Americansdirect election of United States senatorsProgressive Movement: Question 43 of 70Which law was passed as a result of muckraking literature?Interstate Commerce ActSherman Antitrust ActMeat Inspection ActFederal Reserve ActProgressive Movement: Question 44 of 70In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis described the living conditions ofworkers in urban slumsAfrican Americans in the segregated Souththe rich in their mansionsNative American Indians on reservationsProgressive Movement: Question 45 of 70The National Bank proposed by Alexander Hamilton in 1790 and the Federal Reserve System established in 1913 are similar in that bothprovided low-interest loans to farmerswere declared unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Courthad as their primary responsibility the regulation of the stock marketsought to provide a sound currency for the nationProgressive Movement: Question 46 of 70Muckrakers contributed to the rise of Progressivism in the early years of the 20th century bychallenging big government and urging a return to past conditionsexposing widespread corruption in business and governmentwriting favorable biographies about wealthy Americansaligning themselves with the women’s suffrage movementProgressive Movement: Question 47 of 70Which long-awaited goal of the women’s rights movement was achieved during the Progressive Era?right to voteright to own propertyequal pay for equal workequal access to employment and educationProgressive Movement: Question 48 of 70Dorothea Dix, Jane Addams, and Jacob Riis were all known asmuckrakerssuffragettespolitical leaderssocial reformersProgressive Movement: Question 49 of 70Passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act illustrated the federal government’s commitment toenvironmental conservationworkers’ rightsbusiness competitionconsumer protectionProgressive Movement: Question 50 of 70Which president was known as a trustbuster?George WashingtonCalvin CoolidgeTheodore RooseveltDwight EisenhowerProgressive Movement: Question 51 of 70President Woodrow Wilson supported creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 tobalance the federal budgetregulate the amount of money in circulationserve as a source of loans for farmerssolve the financial problems of the Great DepressionProgressive Movement: Question 52 of 70The Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were passed in an effort topromote the formation of new trustsmaintain competition in businessincrease business investmentlimit the activities of foreign corporationsProgressive Movement: Question 53 of 70The common purpose of these legislative acts was to?protect the nation’s natural resourcesimprove conditions for recent immigrants to the Unitedadvance the growth of big businesspromote the general welfare of the American publicProgressive Movement: Question 54 of 70During the Progressive Era, Jane Addams responded to urban conditions by working to establishsettlement houses that provided assistance to the poornewspapers that helped to inform Americans about slum conditionslaws that restricted certain immigrant groupsfree public schools located in inner-city neighborhoodsProgressive Movement: Question 55 of 70The Federal Reserve System has an impact on economic conditions in the United States byregulating the amount of money in circulationproviding direct loans to farmers and small businessesenforcing strict antitrust lawscontrolling imports from other nationsProgressive Movement: Question 56 of 70Rachel Carson and Ralph Nader are similar to the muckrakers of the Progressive Era because they haveadvocated a total change in the structure of governmentattempted to expose societal problemsfailed to influence public opinionsupported anti-American activitiesProgressive Movement: Question 57 of 70Jane Addams and Jacob Riis were most notable for their efforts totreat the wounded in World War Istop the spread of diseases in Latin Americalegalize birth control for womenaid the urban poorProgressive Movement: Question 58 of 70The Federal Reserve System was created tomanage the nation’s supply of currency and interest ratesprotect consumers from fraudprovide military support for the armed forcesmaintain a national petroleum supplyProgressive Movement: Question 59 of 70During the Progressive Era, muckrakers published articles and novels primarily toadvance their own political careersmake Americans aware of problems in societyhelp the federal government become more efficientprovide entertainment for readersProgressive Movement: Question 60 of 70Supporters of a graduated national income tax argued that it was the fairest type of tax because therate of taxation was the same for all personsrate of taxation increased as incomes roseincome tax provided the most revenue for the governmentincome tax replaced state and local government taxesProgressive Movement: Question 61 of 70A goal of the Progressive movement was toreduce the government’s involvement in social issuespromote laissez-faire policiescorrect the problems caused by industrializationpromote settlement of land west of the Mississippi RiverProgressive Movement: Question 62 of 70According to the map, in which region of the United States did women receive the most support for equal suffrage before passage of the 19th amendment??EastNorthSouthWestProgressive Movement: Question 63 of 70Which idea led to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Food and Drug Administration?Business activity must sometimes be regulated in the public interest.Workers should be allowed to bargain with owners for working conditions.Domestic industry should be protected from foreign competition.The economy works best without government regulation.Progressive Movement: Question 64 of 70During the 20th century, federal prosecutions of corporations such as Standard Oil, AT&T, and Microsoft were based on alleged violations ofstock market practicesenvironmental regulationslabor union protectionsantitrust lawsProgressive Movement: Question 65 of 70In 1906, the publication of The Jungle, written by Upton Sinclair, led Congress toenact stronger prohibition lawssupport the national conservation movementestablish a system for meat inspectionlegalize strikes and boycotts by labor unionsProgressive Movement: Question 66 of 70Progressive Era reforms such as the initiative, referendum, and recall attempted toincrease the power of citizens in state and local governmentreestablish the system of checks and balancesprovide low-interest loans to farmersexpand voting rights to Native AmericansProgressive Movement: Question 67 of 70The Panamanian revolt, the Russo-Japanese war, and the creation of the national parks system occurred during the presidency ofWilliam McKinleyWoodrow WilsonHerbert HooverTheodore RooseveltProgressive Movement: Question 68 of 70Speaker A: Nature should be left as it is found. All unsettled land should be off limits to future settlement or development. Speaker B: Natural resources should be controlled by big business to ensure the economic strength of the United States. Our abundance of land gives us a great advantage for competing in world markets. Speaker C: The natural resources of the United States should be used wisely. We must conserve them for future generations while also using them to serve the people of today. Speaker D: No man or institution owns the land. It is to be shared by everyone and everything in the best interest of all who depend upon its offerings. Which speaker best expresses the environmental views of President Theodore Roosevelt?ABCD Progressive Movement: Question 69 of 70Progressive Era authors such as Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair are best known forfocusing attention on social conditionsfighting for the civil rights of African Americanspromoting the interests of the American farmersupporting the goal of woman’s suffrageProgressive Movement: Question 70 of 70Which type of federal tax was authorized by the 16th amendment in 1913?exciseimportincomeestate ................
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