Small-scale chicken production - Journey to Forever
Agrodok 4
Small-scale chicken production
N. van Eekeren A. Maas
H.W. Saatkamp M. Verschuur
This publication is sponsored by the World's Poultry Science Association (WPSA)
? Agromisa Foundation and CTA, Wageningen, 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photocopy, microfilm or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. First edition: 1990 Fourth revised edition: 2006 Authors: N. van Eekeren, A. Maas, H.W. Saatkamp, M. Verschuur Editors: F. W. Aqhdam, J. Boland Design: J. Boland Translation: I. Guijt, W.J. Guijt; C. McGregor (editing) Printed by: Digigrafi, Wageningen, The Netherlands Revised by: G. W. Bouwman, G. de Lange and I. Puls ISBN Agromisa: 90-8573-069-4 ISBN CTA: 978-92-9081-347-7
Foreword
This Agrodok provides a wealth of useful information on how to overcome the main constraints in small-scale poultry production and deal with threats like predation and infectious diseases. It is a practical booklet with chapters on hatching, housing, nutrition and health. I sincerely hope and believe that the knowledge, tools and experiences offered here will be a valuable resource for poultry keepers. Above all, I hope that it will inspire readers to generate new ideas through applying the ideas they find here.
Chickens deserve to be treated well ? and professionally. You will see that the birds will show their gratitude by improving their performance! I wish you a healthy flock and a successful enterprise!
Dr. Ren? P. Kwakkel Wageningen University - Poultry Nutrition Research
This edition has been revised by Ineke Puls, Gert Wouter Bouwman and Gert de Lange of PTC+, Barneveld, under the guidance of Farzin Wafadar Aqhdam. Agromisa kindly acknowledges their contributions and critical comments. We also acknowledge the financial support of the World's Poultry Science Association, which made it possible to publish this Agrodok in several languages.
A number of illustrations used in this Agrodok derive from the Network for Smallholder Poultry Development (`Poultry Network'), USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and the Newcastle Disease Field Guide by Alders and Spradbrow (ACIAR). The nutrition tables were provided by PTC+ and are based on a variety of sources.
Jeroen Boland Agromisa
Foreword
3
Contents
1 Introduction
6
2 Chicken breeds
8
2.1 Commercial and hybrid breeds
8
2.2 Local breeds
10
2.3 Choosing a chicken breed
11
3 Housing
13
3.1 Free-range chickens
14
3.2 Small-scale housing
17
3.3 Some housing options
19
4 Housing equipment
23
4.1 Feeders
23
4.2 Drinkers
26
4.3 Perches
27
4.4 Laying nests
28
5 Nutrition
33
5.1 Water
34
5.2 Energy requirements
34
5.3 Protein requirements
36
5.4 Vitamin requirements
37
5.5 Mineral requirements
37
5.6 Other ingredients in chicken diets
39
6 Feeding methods
40
6.1 Feeding in various housing systems
40
6.2 Feed intake
41
6.3 Restriction of energy intake
44
6.4 Feed composition
45
4
Small-scale chicken production
7 Health care
49
7.1 Infectious diseases and their causes
49
7.2 Hygiene and biosecurity
53
7.3 Vaccination
56
7.4 Parasites and feather pecking
58
8 Hatching and raising chicks
60
8.1 Hatching using brooding hens
60
8.2 Artificial hatching
61
8.3 Raising the chicks
62
9 Improving local chickens
65
9.1 Cock exchange programmes
65
9.2 Culling
65
10 Products and by-products
67
11 Farm records
69
11.1 Important data
69
11.2 Cost pricing
71
Appendix 1: Diseases and parasites
73
Appendix 2: Nutrition tables
76
Appendix 3: Common feedstuffs
83
Further reading
87
Internet sites
89
Useful addresses
90
Contents
5
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