White Plains Public Schools / Overview



A Time to Review – The Twenties

US History/Napp Name: _________________

|The Scopes trial and the Sacco and Vanzetti case both involved |Duke Ellington, Langston Hughes, and Bessie Smith are most closely |

|(1) disputes over the death penalty |associated with efforts to |

|(2) clashes over cultural values |(1) expand the Back to Africa movement |

|(3) protests by temperance leaders |(2) fight discrimination through the judicial |

|(4) challenges to search and seizure protections |system |

| |(3) promote the cultural identity of African |

|The prosperity of the United States in the mid-1920s resulted in part |Americans through the arts |

|from |(4) establish the National Association for the |

|(1) increased demand for new consumer goods |Advancement of Colored People |

|(2) high-wage contracts negotiated by labor unions | |

|(3) record-high farm prices |The Red Scare, the growth of the Ku Klux Klan, and the murder |

|(4) increased government regulation of the |convictions of Sacco and Vanzetti were influenced by |

|Economy |(1) the rise of organized crime |

| |(2) the passage of immigration quota acts |

|After World War I, one way in which the Red Scare, the passing of the |(3) a distrust of foreigners |

|Quota Acts, and the growth of the Ku Klux Klan were similar is that |(4) an effort to stop fascism |

|they all | |

|(1) exploited fears about people who were considered un-American |“…Our whole system of self-government will crumble either if officials|

|(2) encouraged the assimilation of new immigrants into American |elect what laws they will enforce or citizens elect what laws they |

|society |will support. The worst evil of disregard for some law is that it |

|(3) supported the goals of the suffrage movement |destroys respect for all law.…” |

|(4) exhibited prejudice against African Americans |~ President Herbert Hoover, 1929 |

| |Which issue is President Hoover discussing in this statement? |

|What was one feature of the United States economy during the 1920s |(1) national Prohibition |

|that contributed to the Great Depression? |(2) environmental conservation |

|(1) increase in federal regulation |(3) Social Security taxes |

|(2) expansion of easy credit |(4) voting rights for women |

|(3) growth of the trade deficit | |

|(4) influence of foreign corporations |The division in public opinion over the Scopes trial and Prohibition |

| |demonstrates which characteristic of the 1920s? |

| |(1) discrimination against immigrants |

|9. During the 1920s, much of the debt accumulated by consumers was due|(2) clash of cultural values |

|to |(3) fear of international communism |

|(1) installment buying of manufactured goods |(4) opposition to the Ku Klux Klan |

|(2) overproduction of farm products |13. Which movement’s primary goal was the ratification of a |

|(3) long strikes by labor unions |constitutional amendment authorizing Prohibition? |

|(4) rising income taxes |(1) abolitionist (3) temperance |

| |(2) Populist (4) settlement house |

|10. What was the primary reason many African Americans migrated to the| |

|North both during and after World War I? |14. The main reason for the increased migration of African Americans |

|(1) More economic opportunities existed in the North. |out of the rural South during and following World War I was the |

|(2) Few chances to gain political office were available in the South. |(1) availability of cheap farmland in the West |

|(3) Racism and discrimination had been eliminated in the North. |(2) opportunity for factory jobs in the North |

|(4) Southern cities were overcrowded. |(3) chance to escape racial segregation by joining the military |

| |(4) elimination of the Ku Klux Klan in the northern states |

|11. The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s most enhanced American culture| |

|by |15. National attention was drawn to the Scopes trial of 1925 because |

|(1) pressuring southern states to extend voting rights |the case |

|(2) expanding African American access to |(1) represented a conflict between science and religion |

|education |(2) reversed a previous Supreme Court decision on free speech |

|(3) popularizing African American contributions to the arts |(3) upheld the right of veterans to protest in |

|(4) convincing the Supreme Court to allow |Washington, D. C. |

|affirmative action |(4) revealed the extent of prejudice against |

| |Immigrants |

|12. Which development most clearly illustrates the nativist attitudes | |

|that existed in the United States in the 1920s? |16. The economic boom of the 1920s was fueled in part by |

|(1) limits on immigration established by the |(1) government subsidies paid to farmers |

|Quota Acts |(2) tariff reductions on European goods |

|(2) pro-business policies of the federal |(3) increased investment in the stock market |

|government |(4) construction by the Tennessee Valley |

|(3) artistic and literary achievements of the |Authority (TVA) |

|Harlem Renaissance | |

|(4) conflicts between religion and science as |17. Which American author was part of the Harlem Renaissance of the |

|shown in the Scopes Trial |1920s? |

| |(1) F. Scott Fitzgerald (3) Langston Hughes |

| |(2) Ernest Hemingway (4) John Steinbeck |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|18. What was a major cause of the Great Depression? | |

|(1) overproduction and underconsumption | |

|(2) a decrease in the supply of consumer goods |23. The contributions of Langston Hughes and Duke Ellington illustrate|

|(3) an increase in demand for imported products |the importance of the Harlem Renaissance to |

|(4) an increase in the price of wheat on the world market |(1) economic growth |

| |(2) educational reform |

|19. The conflict between science and religion in the 1920s was most |(3) the creative arts |

|clearly shown in the |(4) political leadership |

|(1) trial of John Scopes | |

|(2) arrest of Sacco and Vanzetti |24. Between 1880 and 1920, the majority of the “new” immigrants to the|

|(3) nativist reactions to immigration |United States came from |

|(4) poetry of the Harlem Renaissance |(1) northern and western Europe |

| |(2) southern and eastern Europe |

|20. One of the major causes of the stock market crash of 1929 was |(3) Canada and Latin America |

|(1) excessive buying of stocks on margin |(4) China and Southeast Asia |

|(2) overconsumption of goods and services | |

|(3) failure of international banking systems |25. Why did many United States farmers fail to benefit from the |

|(4) low prices of stocks and bonds |economic prosperity of the 1920s? |

| |(1) No technological advances were made in agriculture. |

|21. In the mid-1920s, the immigration policy of the United States was |(2) Levels of farm production declined. |

|mainly designed to |(3) Farm exports were heavily taxed. |

|(1) deport illegal immigrants |(4) Agricultural goods were overproduced. |

|(2) continue the traditional policy of open | |

|immigration |26. The Scopes trial of the 1920s dealt with a conflict between |

|(3) establish quotas for immigrants from certain nations |(1) communism and capitalism |

|(4) favor immigrants from southern and eastern Europe |(2) Protestants and Catholics |

| |(3) science and religion |

|22. What was the major problem facing American farmers during the |(4) labor and management |

|1920s? | |

|(1) shortage of fertile land |27. Which economic factor contributed most directly to the start of |

|(2) overproduction of crops |the Great Depression? |

|(3) low prices of imported farm products |(1) low worker productivity |

|(4) limited labor supply |(2) high income taxes |

| |(3) decreasing tariff rates |

| |(4) buying stocks on margin |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|28. The convictions of Sacco and Vanzetti in the 1920s most closely | |

|reflected the | |

|(1) increase in nativist attitudes | |

|(2) federal government’s war on crime |32. During the second half of the 1920s, which economic trend was a |

|(3) corruption of political machines |major cause of the Great Depression? |

|(4) rise in labor unrest |(1) deficits in the federal budget |

| |(2) reductions in tariff rates |

|29. What was one cause of the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great|(3) creation of national and state sales taxes |

|Depression that followed? |(4) overproduction and underconsumption |

|(1) Costs associated with World War I had bankrupted the economy. | |

|(2) Speculators had purchased shares of stock on margin with borrowed |33. President Herbert Hoover’s response to the Great Depression was |

|funds. |often criticized because it |

|(3) Federal tax cuts had caused high inflation. |(1) wasted money on new social programs |

|(4) Low farm production had weakened banks. |(2) caused widespread rioting and looting in |

| |major cities |

|30. National Prohibition, as authorized by the 18th amendment, stated |(3) raised taxes on businesses and the wealthy |

|that |(4) failed to provide direct relief for the neediest persons |

|(1) Americans must be 18 years old to purchase alcoholic beverages | |

|(2) only imported alcoholic beverages would be sold |34. The Harlem Renaissance promoted African American culture by |

|(3) alcoholic beverages could be sold only in |(1) increasing factory employment opportunities for minorities |

|government-run stores |(2) encouraging immigration from Africa |

|(4) the manufacture and sale of alcoholic |(3) focusing attention on artistic contributions |

|beverages was banned |(4) bringing an end to legalized racial segregation |

| | |

|31. During the 1920s, Congress passed a series of immigration laws |35. During the 1920s, the United States changed its immigration policy|

|that were primarily designed to |by passing new laws that |

|(1) increase immigration from Asia |(1) provided incentives to attract more |

|(2) expand the workforce for the growing |immigrants to factory jobs |

|economy |(2) encouraged Chinese immigrants to enter the country |

|(3) limit immigration from southern and eastern Europe |(3) allowed unrestricted immigration of war |

|(4) prohibit immigration from Latin America |refugees from Vietnam |

| |(4) established quotas that reduced the number of immigrants from |

| |certain countries |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|36. What was a main result of national Prohibition during the 1920s? | |

|(1) Respect for the law decreased. |Base your answer to question 41 on the poem below and on your |

|(2) Woman’s suffrage was restricted. |knowledge of social studies. |

|(3) Racial prejudice increased. | |

|(4) Religious tolerance grew. |Mother to Son |

| | |

|37. Which foreign policy did Warren G. Harding support when he used |Well, son, I’ll tell you: |

|the phrase “return to normalcy” during his presidential campaign of |Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair. |

|1920? |It’s had tacks in it, |

|(1) appeasement (3) containment |And splinters, |

|(2) internationalism (4) isolationism |And boards torn up, |

| |And places with no carpet on the floor— |

|38. Which event led to the start of the Great |Bare. |

|Depression? |But all the time |

|(1) Red Scare (1919–1920) |I’se been a-climbin’ on, |

|(2) election of President Herbert Hoover (1928) |And reachin’ landin’s, |

|(3) stock market crash (1929) |And turnin’ corners, |

|(4) passage of the Emergency Banking Act |And sometimes goin’ in the dark |

|(1933) |Where there ain’t been no light. |

| |So boy, don’t you turn back. |

|39. The Scopes trial of 1925 illustrated the |Don’t you set down on the steps |

|(1) desire for new voting rights laws |’Cause you finds it kinder hard. |

|(2) need for better private schools |Don’t you fall now— |

|(3) conflict between Protestant fundamentalism and science |For I’se still goin’, honey, |

|(4) effects of the Red Scare on the legal system |I’se still climbin’, |

| |And life for me ain’t been no crystal stair. |

|40. What was a major cause of the Great Depression? |—Langston Hughes, 1922 |

|(1) decrease in the production of goods during most of the 1920s | |

|(2) unequal distribution of wealth in the United States |41. One purpose of this poem, written during the Harlem Renaissance, |

|(3) overregulation of the banking industry |was to |

|(4) low tariffs on foreign goods |(1) explain the advantages of inner-city life |

| |(2) discuss ideas in the language used by |

| |immigrant Americans |

| |(3) ask African Americans to accept things as they are |

| |(4) encourage African Americans to continue their struggle for |

| |equality |

| | |

| | |

|Base your answer to question 42 on the poem below and on your | |

|knowledge of social studies. | |

| | |

|I, Too | |

|I, too, sing America. | |

|I am the darker brother. | |

|They send me to eat in the kitchen | |

|When company comes, |44. Which statement about the stock market crash of 1929 is most |

|But I laugh, |accurate? |

|And eat well, |(1) It was the single cause of the Great |

|And grow strong. |Depression. |

|Tomorrow, |(2) It was caused by the effects of the Great |

|I’ll be at the table |Depression. |

|When company comes. |(3) It continued long after the Great Depression ended. |

|Nobody’ll dare |(4) It helped lead to the Great Depression. |

|Say to me, | |

|“Eat in the kitchen,” |45. Many farmers failed to share in the general prosperity of the |

|Then. |1920s mainly because they |

|Besides, |(1) lacked new farm machinery to increase |

|They’ll see how beautiful I am |production |

|And be ashamed — |(2) did not have sufficient numbers of farm |

|I, too, am America. |laborers |

|~ Langston Hughes, in Rampersad and Roessel, eds., The Collected Poems|(3) had to pay high wages to their workers |

|of Langston Hughes, Alfred A. Knopf |(4) received low prices for crops due to overproduction |

| | |

|42. This Langston Hughes poem illustrates a major theme of the Harlem |46. What was a primary reason for the great migration of African |

|Renaissance by |Americans to northern cities during World War I? |

|(1) supporting the creation of colleges operated by African Americans |(1) Job opportunities were available in northern factories. |

|(2) stressing the need for economic reform |(2) Jim Crow laws in the South had been repealed. |

|(3) expressing the pride and hope of many |(3) Voting rights laws had been passed in northern states. |

|African Americans |(4) The federal government had guaranteed an end to discrimination. |

|(4) detailing mistreatment of African Americans by the music industry | |

| |47. Which characteristic of the 1920s is illustrated by the trial of |

|43. One goal of many Harlem Renaissance writers was to |Sacco and Vanzetti? |

|(1) increase pride in African American culture |(1) hostility toward woman’s suffrage |

|(2) support existing racial barriers |(2) support for segregation |

|(3) cut off connections with mainstream |(3) opposition to separation of church and state |

|American values |(4) intolerance toward immigrants |

|(4) encourage African Americans to create their own political party | |

|48. During the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, African American | |

|authors and artists used literature and art to | |

|(1) end segregation of public facilities | |

|(2) promote affirmative action programs | |

|(3) celebrate the richness of their heritage |53. The Harlem Renaissance was important to American society because |

|(4) urge voters to elect more African Americans to political office |it |

| |(1) highlighted the cultural achievements of |

|49. Which economic condition was a major cause of the Great |African Americans |

|Depression? |(2) isolated African Americans from mainstream society |

|(1) high wages of industrial workers |(3) provided new political opportunities for |

|(2) deficit spending by the federal government |African Americans |

|(3) inability of industry to produce enough |(4) brought an end to racial segregation in the North |

|consumer goods | |

|(4) uneven distribution of income between the rich and the poor |54. What common problem did farmers of the 1890s and farmers of the |

| |1920s face? |

|50. In the 1920s, both Langston Hughes and Duke Ellington made major |(1) failure to plant enough crops to meet local needs |

|contributions to |(2) government overregulation of farming |

|(1) economic growth |(3) low tariffs on crops |

|(2) educational reform |(4) overproduction compared to consumer demand |

|(3) the creative arts | |

|(4) political leadership |55. • Teapot Dome Scandal |

| |• Harlem Renaissance |

|51. The changing image of women during the 1920s was symbolized by the|• Scopes trial |

|(1) passage of an equal pay act |During which decade did these events occur? |

|(2) drafting of women into the army |(1) 1920s (3) 1940s |

|(3) popularity of the flappers and their style of dress |(2) 1930s (4) 1950s |

|(4) appointment of several women to President Calvin Coolidge’s | |

|cabinet |56. The Red Scare, the National Origins Acts of the 1920s, and the |

| |verdict in the Sacco and Vanzetti trial are examples of negative |

|52. The economic prosperity of the 1920s was mainly the result of the |American attitudes toward |

|(1) adoption of lower tariff rates |(1) immigrants |

|(2) stricter enforcement of antitrust laws |(2) business leaders |

|(3) success of most United States farmers |(3) African Americans |

|(4) development of new industries for consumer goods |(4) labor union leaders |

| | |

| |57. The Scopes Trial of 1925 is an example of |

| |(1) the effects of assimilation on American |

| |culture |

|58. Improved mass-production techniques affected the American economy |(2) a clash between scientific ideas and religious beliefs |

|of the 1920s by |(3) increase in violence in American society |

|(1) reducing prices of consumer goods |(4) government intervention in racial conflicts |

|(2) lowering the quality of most products |62. What was a principle reason for rapid economic growth in the |

|(3) causing higher unemployment |United States during the 1920s? |

|(4) decreasing the quantity of manufactured |(1) prosperity of American agriculture |

|Products |(2) increase of American imports |

| |(3) development of many new consumer goods |

|59. The influence of nativism during the 1920s is best illustrated by |(4) increased spending on defense |

|the | |

|(1) increase in the popularity of the automobile |63. What was one factor that led to the Great Depression? |

|(2) emergence of the flappers |(1) government limitations on the amount of |

|(3) expansion of trusts and monopolies |money in circulation |

|(4) growth of the Ku Klux Klan |(2) high wages paid by employers |

| |(3) increases in the tax rate for corporations |

|60. “Public Ignores Prohibition Restrictions” |(4) excessive speculation in the stock market |

|“Evolution and Creation Debated in Scopes Trial” | |

|“Women Bring Change to the Industrial Workforce” |64. Much of the economic growth of the 1920s was based on |

| |(1) increased trade with other nations |

|What do headlines such as these from the 1920s illustrate? |(2) the production of new consumer goods |

|(1) conflict between traditional and modern |(3) rising prices of agricultural products |

|values |(4) the rapid development of the West |

|(2) trend toward mass consumption of consumer | |

|goods |65. Langston Hughes and Duke Ellington are noted for their |

|(3) hostility of certain groups toward ethnic |contributions to the cultural movement |

|minorities |of the 1920s known as the |

|(4) debate over the role of government in the |(1) Gospel of Wealth |

|Economy |(2) Lost Generation |

| |(3) Harlem Renaissance |

|61. Which factor contributed most to the growth of nativist attitudes |(4) Gilded Age |

|in the United States in the years immediately following World War I? | |

|(1) the establishment of national Prohibition |66. The failure of national Prohibition led to a public awareness that|

|(2) a decline of organized religions |(1) crime rates decline when the sale of alcoholic beverages is banned|

|(3) the increase in the number of settlement |(2) economic prosperity encourages social |

|houses |conformity |

|(4) the large numbers of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe |(3) unpopular laws are difficult to enforce |

|67. Which pair of events illustrates an accurate cause-and-effect |(4) geographic conditions affect law enforcement |

|relationship? | |

|(1) Sacco and Vanzetti trial → ratification of the woman suffrage | |

|amendment | |

|(2) rebirth of the KKK → formation of the | |

|Populist Party |72. Which group of Americans generally failed to experience the |

|(3) Red Scare → demand for limits on |economic prosperity of the 1920s? |

|immigration |(1) farmers (3) consumers |

|(4) high food prices → start of the Great |(2) retailers (4) manufacturers |

|Depression | |

| |73. During the 1920s, controversies concerning the Scopes trial, |

|68. Which situation helped cause the stock market crash of 1929? |national Prohibition, and the behavior of “flappers” were all signs of|

|(1) excessive speculation and buying on margin |disagreement over |

|(2) unwillingness of people to invest in new |(1) the return to normalcy |

|industries |(2) traditional values and changing lifestyles |

|(3) increased government spending |(3) causes of the Great Depression |

|(4) too much government regulation of business |(4) the benefits of new technology |

| | |

|69. In the United States, regional differences in economic development|74. A major goal of the immigration acts of the 1920s was to |

|are primarily due to |(1) allow unlimited immigration from Southeast Asia |

|(1) settlement patterns of immigrant groups |(2) assure equal numbers of immigrants from all nations |

|(2) pressure from various religious groups |(3) favor wealthy and well-educated immigrants |

|(3) state and federal election laws |(4) use quotas to limit immigration from |

|(4) geographic factors in various parts of the |southern and eastern Europe |

|Nation | |

| |75. The economic boom of the 1920s was primarily caused by the |

|70. Which event of the 1920s symbolized a conflict over cultural |(1) new economic policies of the League of Nations |

|values? |(2) development of new consumer goods industries |

|(1) election of Herbert Hoover |(3) advent of advertising on radio |

|(2) transatlantic flight of Charles Lindbergh |(4) elimination of barriers to international trade |

|(3) Scopes trial | |

|(4) stock market crash |76. During most of the 1920s, which group experienced the most severe |

| |economic problems? |

|71. The migration of African Americans to the North during and |(1) owners of small family farms |

|following World War I was mainly a result of the |(2) workers in the automobile industry |

|(1) success of military desegregation |(3) bankers in urban centers |

|(2) efforts of the civil rights movement |(4) entertainers in the field of radio |

|(3) availability of new factory jobs | |

|(4) impact of affirmative action programs | |

| | |

Base your answers to questions 77 and 78 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social studies.

[pic]

77. What was an effect of the immigration laws of 1921 and 1924?

(1) Reduction of immigration from southern and eastern Europe and Asia

(2) Establishment of equality among ethnic groups seeking entrance to the United States

(3) Increase in the total number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States

(4) Removal of restrictions from the nations of northern and western Europe

78. One reason for the passage of the laws shown in this chart was to

(1) Limit economic growth

(2) Protect the jobs of workers in the United States

(3) Improve working conditions in American factories

(4) Promote non-European immigration

79. One responsibility of the Federal Reserve System is to

(1) Balance the federal budget

(2) Raise or lower income taxes

(3) Control the supply of money

(4) Regulate the stock market

80. President George Washington in his Farewell Address, President James Monroe in the Monroe Doctrine, and the opponents of the League of Nations all wanted the United States to

(1) Avoid European conflicts

(2) Avoid trade with foreign nations

(3) Refuse diplomatic recognition of nondemocratic nations

(4) Reduce foreign influence by establishing immigration quotas

81. The works of Duke Ellington and Langston Hughes reflected the

(1) Expanding role of women in the 1920s

(2) Achievements of the Harlem Renaissance

(3) Architectural innovations of the 1930s

(4) Influence of southern European immigrant groups

Base your answers to questions 82 and 83 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social studies.

[pic]

82. The data in the chart support the idea that the immigration laws of 1921 and 1924 were primarily designed to

(1) Stop illegal entry into the country

(2) Admit skilled workers

(3) Encourage immigration from southern Europe

(4) Reduce immigration from specific regions

83. The United States adopted the immigration policies shown in the chart mainly because of

(1) Pressures from nativists and labor unions

(2) Hardships caused by the Great Depression

(3) Prejudices generated during World War II

(4) Threats from other nations to stop migration to the United States

84. What was a major result of Prohibition in the United States during the 1920s?

(1) Restriction of immigration

(2) Growth of communism

(3) Destruction of family values

(4) Increase in organized crime

85. Which statement most accurately describes conditions of American farmers during the economic boom of the mid-1920s?

(1) Shortages of fertile land and farm equipment lowered farm income.

(2) Overproduction helped keep farmers from participating in the prosperity of the times.

(3) Subsidies and other government programs dramatically increased farmers’ incomes.

(4) Higher prices for farm products resulted in a higher standard of living for farmers.

Base your answers to questions 86 and 87 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

[pic]

86. The main purpose of this map is to illustrate the

(1) Sources of important natural resources

(2) Development of United States imperialism

(3) Growth of the Atlantic slave trade

(4) Results of the Spanish-American War

87. The conclusion that can best be supported by the information on this map is that construction of the Panama Canal was motivated by the desire of the United States to

(1) Raise the living standards of Latin American people

(2) Increase naval mobility and expand overseas markets

(3) Improve relations with Latin American and Asian nations

(4) Maintain a policy of collective security

88. Which economic trend of the 1920s helped cause the Great Depression?

(1) Rising cost of mass-produced goods

(2) Increasing income tax rates

(3) Falling tariff rates

(4) Widening income gap between the rich and the poor

Base your answer to question 89 on the graph below and on your knowledge of social studies.

[pic]

89. Which statement about population distribution in the United States between 1860 and 1920 is best supported by the graph?

(1) Rural population declined after 1910.

(2) Many Americans migrated from urban to rural areas.

(3) Immigration played a limited role in urban growth.

(4) The population of cities grew at a faster rate than that of rural areas.

90. Which event represents an expression of nativism during the 1920s?

(1) Trial of John Scopes for teaching evolution

(2) Adoption of a quota system to limit immigration

(3) Charles Lindbergh’s solo transatlantic flight

(4) Rise in popularity of spectator sports

91. Which generalization can best be drawn from the experiment with national Prohibition (1919–1933)?

(1) Social attitudes can make laws difficult to enforce.

(2) Americans resent higher taxes.

(3) Morality can be legislated successfully.

(4) People will sacrifice willingly for the common good.

[pic]

92. Which situation is associated with the trends in agriculture shown in these tables?

(1) Farm foreclosures decreased.

(2) Farm size was substantially reduced.

(3) Farm output declined.

(4) Farmers became a smaller percentage of the labor force.

[pic]

93. Which conclusion is best supported by the information on the graph?

(1) The level of automobile production remained constant.

(2) The average American family found the automobile too expensive to purchase.

(3) By 1929, most of the automobiles in the world were produced in the United States.

(4) Changes in economic conditions led to changes in automobile production.

Base your answers to questions 94 and 95 on the song excerpt below and on your knowledge of social studies.

The Farmer is the Man

When the farmer comes to town

With his wagon broken down,

Oh, the farmer is the man

Who feeds them all…

The farmer is the man,

The farmer is the man,

Lives on credit till the fall;

Then they take him by the hand

And they lead him from the land,

And the middleman’s the man

Who gets it all…

~ American folk song

94. The problem identified by this folk song was a result of

(1) Farm productivity declining for several decades

(2) Too many Americans entering the occupation of farming

(3) Poor farming practices destroying cropland

(4) Low profits forcing many people out of farming

95. Which political party focused most of its efforts on the problem identified in this song?

(1) Bull Moose

(2) Free Soil

(3) Populist

(4) Progressive

96. The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s can best be described as

(1) An organization created to help promote African-American businesses

(2) A movement that sought to draw people back to the inner cities

(3) A relief program to provide jobs for minority workers

(4) A period of great achievement by African-American writers, artists, and performers

97. What was a major reason American farmers failed to obtain a fair share of the economic prosperity of the 1920s?

(1) Crops failed due to poor weather conditions.

(2) The government controlled food prices.

(3) Farm crops were overproduced.

(4) Banks refused to lend money to farmers.

Base your answer to question 98 on the poem below and on your knowledge of social studies.

One Way Ticket

I am fed up

With Jim Crow laws,

People who are cruel

And afraid,

Who lynch and run,

Who are scared of me

And me of them.

I pick up my life

And take it away

On a one-way ticket

Gone Up North

Gone Out West

Gone!

~ Langston Hughes, 1926

98. The author states that he has “Gone” because

(1) Jobs were available in northern industries

(2) There was no racial prejudice in the West

(3) Farmland was more available in the North

(4) Racial discrimination drove him away

99. In the 1920s, which economic factor led to the Great Depression?

(1) Lack of investment in the stock market

(2) Attempt by the United States to promote free trade

(3) Failure to develop new consumer goods industries

(4) Overproduction of farm products and manufactured goods

100. A result of the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s was the

(1) Restoration of buildings and the infrastructure in New York City

(2) Increased recognition of African-American writers and musicians

(3) End of racial segregation laws in New York State

(4) Appointment of several African Americans as presidential advisors

101. A study of the “flappers” of the 1920’s would indicate that

(1) Some women rejected traditional feminine roles

(2) Many women were elected to national political office

(3) Women were fired from traditionally male occupations

(4) The earning power of women was equal to that of men in the same occupation

Word Bank: Sacco and Vanzetti, Immigration Acts, Harlem Renaissance, Red Scare, Flappers, Isolationism, Stock Market Crash, Monkey Trial, Lost Generation, Teapot Dome Scandal, Calvin Coolidge

1- The “Roaring Twenties” were good times for many Americans. During the Twenties, Republicans regained the presidency and ushered in a new era of pro-business policies. Government policies, progress in technology, and a new consumer society produced a booming economy. Radio helped transform the U.S. into a single national market, and a mass popular culture developed based largely on the consumption of luxury items. To take full advantage of the profits to be made, businesses merged and grew ever larger. Tired from the war and disillusioned by Wilson’s failure with the League of Nations, America entered a period of ___________. The U.S. aimed to stay out of European affairs and severely limited immigration.

2- During the Twenties, the younger generation rebelled against traditional morals. College students took to drinking and throwing wild parties. Women became more forward in dress and behavior. The two symbols of this new, looser social behavior were jazz and the “flapper.” __________ were young women in the twenties who showed freedom from conventions (as in conduct).

3- At first, the nation faced the difficult task of adjusting to peace – the government stopped its wartime spending and soldiers returned home looking for jobs, creating a recession from 1919 to 1921. There were also attacks on civil liberties. When a wave of strikes hit the nation in 1919, citizens feared they were seeing the beginning of a Communist revolution. This “_________” led Attorney General Palmer to arrest radicals accused of plotting to overthrow the government. During the Scare, civil liberties were sometimes grossly violated and many innocent aliens were deported.

4- Soon after the “Red Scare,” two Italian immigrants, __________ were convicted of murder to get funds for an anarchist revolution. Although the evidence was insufficient, they were found guilty and executed. Socialists and radicals protested the men’s innocence. Many people felt that the trial had been less than fair and that the defendants had been convicted for their radical, anarchist beliefs rather than for the crime for which they had been tried. All attempts for retrial on the ground of false identification failed.

5- The “Red Scare” and the Sacco and Vanzetti trial greatly contributed to the rise of nativism – a dislike of foreigners. The ____________ of 1921, 1924, and 1929 restricted immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe (the “New Immigrants”) by establishing quotas for each nationality based on America’s existing ethnic composition.

6- Religious Fundamentalists in Tennessee brought to trial in 1925 John C. Scopes for breaking a Tennessee state law forbidding the teaching of evolution. These Fundamentalists advocated traditional values and condemned Darwin and evolution as against the Bible’s story of creation in seven days. They saw a breakdown in the traditional attitudes and believed these had been brought about because Darwinian philosophy made people doubt the truths of the Bible. The Scopes trial (nicknamed the _________ by the press because evolution suggested humans were descended from monkeys and not created by God) attained national prominence. William Jennings Bryan, Fundamentalist and three-time presidential candidate, testified as an expert on the Bible. Scopes was found guilty, but the trial lawyers made Bryan appear ridiculous, and the Fundamentalist cause was temporarily set back nationally.

7- During the Twenties, Republicans regained the Presidency. In general, Presidents Harding, Coolidge and Hoover supported laissez-faire economic policies, with minimal interference in business activities. President Warren Harding (1921 – 1923) captured the national spirit by calling for a “return to normalcy.” However, the ___________ revealed that a high-ranking administration official had been bribed to lease oil-rich government lands at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, to businessmen.

8- President _________ (1923 – 1929) symbolized old-fashioned values like honesty and thrift. Continuing Harding’s policies, Coolidge’s motto embodied his philosophy: “The business of America is business.”

9- A new group of writers, known as the ___________, rejected the desire for material wealth. Novelists such as Sinclair Lewis in Main Street and Babbitt, ridiculed the narrowness and hypocrisy of American life. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald hinted that the search for purely material success often led to tragedy.

10- The 1920s is often referred to as the Jazz Age, reflecting the greater importance of African-American music. The migration of African Americans to Northern cities increased in the 1920s. The center of African-American lie at that time was Harlem, where jazz flourished. An awakening of African-American culture in these years became known as the “___________.” African-American writers such as Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen expressed a new pride in their heritage, while attacking racism.

11- On October 29, 1929, prices on the New York Stock Exchange began to plunge, and soon hit all-time lows (the ____________). Corporations could no longer raise funds. People were unable to repay their loans or rents, leading to bank failures. Thousands of people lost their life savings. In this new economic climate, the demand for goods decreased sharply. As prices fell, factories closed and workers lost their jobs. Demand was reduced still further, causing prices to fall more. Other factories closed, and the country became caught in the grip of a vicious downward spiral.  

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