MOBILE COMPUTING



MOBILE COMPUTING

Presented by:

RUSHIKESH.K.MANGRULKAR

SE COMP

ROLL NO 226

INDEX

• SCRIPT

• WHAT IS MOBILE COMPUTING?

• HISTORY OF MOBILE COMPUTING

• GENERATIONS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

• MOBILE COMPUTING FUNCTIONS

• APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES PROVIDED BY MOBILE COMPUTING

• EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN MOBILE COMPUTING

• TECHNICAL AND OTHER LIMITATIONS OF MOBILE COMPUTING

ABSTRACT

The desire and the necessity for accessing and processing information stored in computer networks `anytime and anywhere' has been the impetus for the growing interest in mobile computing research. Wired computing networks and end devices such as PCs and workstations have effectively extended the data-only networking capability of a few years ago to sophisticated multimedia networking. The cost of such transformation to the end user turns out to be very nominal. Undoubtedly the wireless access technology has given a big boost to mobile cellular telephony and data networking.

Processing general purpose multimedia information requires, besides higher bandwidth, means for controlling the available bandwidth and caring for quality of service issues. This problem is accentuated by the need for providing such service in the presence of wireless physical layer and host mobility. Thus, tetherless and ubiquitous mobile and wireless computing systems should carefully combine advances in computer networking and wireless communication. While several experimental mobile computing platforms have sprung up, much research is needed to overcome technological obstacles in low power system design, sustainable battery life, unreliability and limited bandwidth of the wireless channel.

Mobile Computing addresses some aspects of this new but rapidly growing field of research. A total of eight papers span the areas of protocols, network architecture, and performance issues. All of the papers deal with the complexities of host mobility in a wireless setting. They expose several challenges that affect system design of mobile computing networks at various levels. By addressing these challenges in an efficient and cost-effective manner, it is hoped that user-friendly, seamless and faster networks will emerge to serve the sophisticated and demanding applications of mobile users. Mobile Computing serves as an excellent reference, providing insights into some of the most important issues in mobile and wireless computing.

In the further pages we are introducing the new global concept of mobile computing which will be covering the topics such as history of mobile computing,generations in mobile computing,moblle computing functions, applications and services provided by mobile computing and their limitations.

INTRODUCTION

MOBILE COMPUTING

• Migration is important for survival, mobility originated from the desire to either to move towards resources or away from scarcity, mobile computing about both the physical and logical entities that move.

• Physical entities are computers that change locations.

• Mobile agents can migrate over Internet but active applications can only move to a local cluster of computers.

• Mobile computing is a generic term describing one's ability to use technology while moving, as opposed to portable computers, which are only practical for use while deployed in a stationary configuration

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• The term mobile computing is quite new and has no clear definition, although some studies have already tried to survey this fast-growing area of information technology. Mobile computing does not only involve mobile computing devices (laptops, notebooks, PDAs and wearable computers), which are designed to be carried around, but also the mobile networks to which these computers are connected. Mobile services are the third component, rounding out this definition of mobile computing.

HISTORY OF MOBILE COMPUTING

• The fascinating world of mobile computing has only been around since the 1990s. Since then, devices that have been developed for mobile computing have taken over the wireless industry. This new type of communication is a very powerful tool for both businesses and personal use.

• This actually used to mean radio transmitters that operated on a stable base, usually with the help of large antennas. 2 way radios used by police officers were also considered mobile technology but now, it means people can connect wirelessly to the Internet or to a private network almost anywhere. As long as a person has one of the devices capable of wirelessly accessing the Internet, they are participating in mobile computing.

• These days, most laptops and personal digital assistants all have wireless cards or Bluetooth interfaces built into them for convenient mobile Internet access. Mobile solutions are right under everyone’s nose these days, and connectivity has never been easier. Other common tools for mobile computing include devices like global positioning systems and smart phones like the Cingular Blackberry.

• Mobile computing has evolved from two-way radios that use large antennas to communicate simple messages to three inch personal computers that can do almost everything a regular computer does. People can’t go to their local Starbucks and not see a laptop linked up to a hotspot these days, and mobile computing is still in its baby phase.

GENERATIONS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Different generations of wireless communication associated with mobile computing are

• 1st Generation (1 G),

• 2nd Generation (2 G),

• 2.5th Generation (2.5 G),

• 3rd Generation (3 G).

1. 1G networks: Data is transacted over circuits, this technology is called Circuit switched data. Using modem a data connection is established between the device and the network.

Features include-GSM, phone calls,voice mails,receive multiple text messages.

2. 2G networks: The 2G network technology uses digitized technology , it uses a combination of TDMA(Time Division Multiple access) and FDMA. In 2G voice is digitized over a circuit.

3. 2.5G network: CDMA one, voice is digitized over a circuit. Data in 2.5G is packetized.

Features include - GPRS,High speed packet data,web browsing,camera phones.

4. 3G networks: CDMA2000 and W-CDMA examples of 3G network.

Features include - phone calls, fax, global roaming, send receive large emails, high speed web, navigation maps,video conferencing,TV streaming.

MOBILE COMPUTING FUNCTIONS

A computing environment can be defined as mobile if it supports one or more of the following characteristics-

• User Mobility

User should be able to move from one physical location to other physical location and use the same service.The service should be in home network or remote network.

• Network Mobility

User should be able to move from one network to another network and use the same service.

• Bearer Mobility

User should be able to move from one bearer to another and use the same service. eg could be a user was using the service through WAP bearer from his home network in Bangalore. He moves to Coimbatore where WAP is not supported he switch over to voice or SMS bearer to access the same application.

• Device Mobility

User should be able to move from one device to other device and use the same service.

• Service Mobility

User should be able to move from one service to another .eg-could be a user writing a mail, to complete the mail the user needs to refer some other information .In a desktop PC the user easily opens another browser and moves between them using the task bar. User should be able to switch amongst services in small footprint wireless devices like in a desktop.

APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES PROVIDED BY MOBILE COMPUTING

Weather and Location application:

GPS based system used to locate the person and also the weather conditions in a particular place

Corporate applications:

MIS applications (Management Information System),Corporate Intranet,Corporate mail,Address book.

M broker:

Getting correct and timely information related to different sticks is very important. Also online trading of stocks while on move is quite critical for certain lifestyle. stock ticker,stock alerts,stock quotes and stock tradingcan be made ubiquitous so that users can check their portfolio and play an active role in the market place.

M shopping:

Application to do different types of shopping using mobile devices like palmtop, pocket-pc, mobile phone etc. Buying a soft drink,soda from vending machine on the airport.

Telebanking:

We need to access the banks for different transactions. Many banks are today offering banking over Internet, voice and mobiles through SMS.

Micropayment based application:

Micropayments involve transactions where the amount of money is not very high may be maximum Rs1000/- or so.Micropayment using mobile can help rural people doing business in much effective way.

Interactive games:

Many mobile network operators have started offering different types of contest and interactive games to be played using mobile phone.The application should be similar to quiz,housieetc.

Remote monitoring:

This is important for children at home where parents monitor where theor children are and what they are doing .Also monitoring and controlling of home appliances will be part if this application.

Maps/navigation guide:

This is an pplication which has lot of demand for travelling individuals.These services need to be location aware to guide user to use the most ptimum path to reach destination.The directions given by these applications also take the traffic congestion,one way into considerationetc.

Digital library:

Internet converted the world into a global village and global library .Accessing this library from anywhere anytime will only hel reducing the digital devide.These libraries will have support of local language and search.Digital library is easy and cheaper to commission.

Downloads:

Different types of downloads starting from ringing tone to pictures are part of this family.In many countries this type of applications are very popular.It is estimated that the market for ringing tone is more than 1 billion dollars.

|Transportation |

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|Ailrines and railway companies have initiated the implementation of the hand-held computing devices on their wireless network. |

|Advantech's MobiPanel™100 is among the candidates and has already won high regard. If MobiPanel™100 is chosen, it will be used by|

|the agents at the check-in gates and on the airport/train stations. According to the team in-charge, the objective of using |

|wireless devices is to improve productivity, reduce |

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|passenger line-ups and take-off delays, speed up baggage handling process, reduce lost bags and improve passenger security and |

|service. |

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|• Ticketing |

|• Schedule information |

|• Baggage handling |

|• Maintenance status |

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|[pic][pic]Medical / Healthcare |

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|Mobile and wireless solutions are not only ensuring professional practice, but also gaining patient trust in the healthcare |

|arena. These healthcare professionals are increasing using mobile computing devices, which are connected to hospital LANs through|

|wireless mobiles, to provide instant service to patients in hospitals, or remotely through GPRS and GSM telecommunication |

|technology. |

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|• Patient data retrieval, research, acquisition |

|• Data transmission from ambulance to hospital and vice versa |

|• Remote prescription service |

|• Routine bed-side treatment |

|• Emergency medical service |

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|[pic]Manufacturing |

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|With the development of mobile computing devices and automation applications, this industry has realized that deploying mobilized|

|technology in their manufacturing and product status reporting system is not a dream any more. Now the automation engineers can |

|easily carry out the tasks. |

|It is our aim to improve the working status and enhance the communication between the remote engineers by providing more |

|convenient mobile computing devices like Advantech MobiPanel ™100, and at the same time lower the communication costs. |

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|• Production status monitoring and reporting |

|• Remote monitoring |

|• Real-time data acquisition |

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ADVANTAGES OF MOBILE COMPUTING

Computers are one of the major inventions of the world. The invention of computer has changed the world. During these days every field of life seems to be computerized. Later in the 21st century a new technology was introduced in the world known as mobile computing. Now-a-days computers are modified into mobile computers known as laptops.

A small introduction of mobile computing is that you can do your work in motion. In simple words it means that you can do your work while sitting anywhere in the world. You do not have to sit at one place to do your work.

Following are some of the advantages of mobile computing.

• The main benefit of mobile computers is that you do not have to bind yourself to a certain place. You can do your work while sitting in a car or a train. You can communicate with other people while sitting anywhere in the world. You can chat online with your friends and family members while sitting on a beach. You can do your office work while sitting anywhere.

• The second major benefit is related to the first benefit. When people can do their work while sitting anywhere they will do more work. This will play an important role in the economy of the country and the world.

• During these days there is no problem for a student to search any information that he needs for his assignment. Many people use these mobile computers for entertainment. Children play video games on these computers

Advancements in Mobile Computing.

Wifi Finder Plus

Searching for a WiFi connection can sometimes be a pain in the behind, but Kensington Wifi finder plus is an ultra-small (key chain size) solution for all your hotspot-seeking woes. It saves you the hassle of turning on your laptop or PDA just to check if there’s a connection nearby that you can access. They throw in a built-in flashlight… just for the heck of it.

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USB PORT Blocker

Data theft and introduction of viruses is a prime concern for mobile workers. The USB Port blocker prevents data thieves from plugging in USB devices to grab your precious data or injecting malware when you’re not looking. So, if you must leave your computer unattended for a brief period of time (or if you’re the type that gets so absorbed with work that you don’t notice your surroundings), this is a nifty device to help you physically block points of entry into your laptop

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SOLIO SOLAR CHARGER

Charge up your gear and help the environment at the same time, who can say "no" to that?Solio solar charger is a multi-compatible device charger that uses stored solar energy to charge up your other gizmos. It works with the iPhone, iPod, and most other portable handhelds. A fully charged Solio can charge two standard cell phones, and can charge as fast as any wall chargers (according to the maker).

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Disk Go USB Watch

Wear your geek-ness proudly on your wrist with the Disk Go USB Watch drive developed by byEdge tech corp. It comes in two capacities: 256MB and 1GB. The design’s water resistant and also comes with password protection software. You can choose between the classic style and the steel dress style to suit the occasion, and the threads you’re wearing. It’s also an excellent conversation piece!

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TECHNICAL AND OTHER LIMITATIONS OF MOBILE COMPUTING

• Insufficient bandwidth

Mobile internet access is generally slower than direct cable connections, using technologies such as GPRS and EDGE and more recently 3G networks. These networks are usually available within range of commercial cell phone towers. Higher speed wireless LANs are inexpensive, but have very limited range.

• Security standards

When working mobile one is dependent on public networks, requiring careful use of VPNs.

• Power consumption

When a power outlet or portable generator is not available, mobile computers must rely entirely on battery power. Combined with the compact size of many mobile devices, this often means unusually expensive batteries must be used to obtain the necessary battery life.

• Transmission interferences

Weather, terrain, and the range from the nearest signal point can all interfere with signal reception. Reception in tunnels, some buildings, and rural areas is often poor.

• Potential health hazards

More car accidents are related to drivers who were talking through a mobile device. Cell phones may interfere with sensitive medical devices. There are allegations that cell phone signals may cause health problems citation needed

Bibilography

Books: Mobile computing technical and applications – TATA McGraw Hill Publishing Company.

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