Mapping Our World - Mr. Pelton Science

9/9/2015

Mapping Our World

Chapter 2

Section 2.1: Latitude and Longitude

? Maps are flat models of threedimensional objects.

? For thousands of years people have used maps to define borders and to find places.

? With new technology, there is more information available to create more accurate maps.

Objectives

? Describe the difference between latitude and longitude.

? Explain why it is important to give a city's complete coordinates when describing its location.

? Explain why there are different time zones from one geographic area to the next.

? TIME ZONE = a geographic region within which the same standard time is used.

Latitude:

? The science of mapmaking is called cartography

? Cartographers use an imaginary grid of parallel lines to locate exact points on Earth.

? The equator horizontally circles Earth halfway between the north and south poles.

? It also separates the earth into two equal halves called the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere.

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Latitude:

? Lines on a map running parallel to the equator are called lines of latitude.

? Latitude is the distance in degrees north or south of the equator.

? The equator, which is a reference point for latitude is numbered 0? latitude

? Latitude is the labeled 0? - 90? N or S of the equator.

Latitude:

? Each degree of latitude is equivalent to about 111 km on Earth's Surface.

Longitude:

? To locate positions in east and west directions, cartographers use lines of longitude (meridians).

? Longitude is the distance in degrees east and west of the prime meridian

? The prime meridian is the reference point for longitude and runs through Greenwich, England (0? longitude)

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Longitude:

? Lines of longitude extend vertically, intersecting at both the north and south poles.

? Points west of the prime meridian are numbered from 0? to180? W longitude.

? Points east of the prime meridian are numbered from 0? to180? E longitude.

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Longitude:

? Distances between longitudes varies depending on the location on Earth.

? Each degree of longitude is anywhere from 111 km at the equator to 0 km at the poles.

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Precise Positions

? To locate positions more precisely, cartographers break down degrees into smaller units called minutes.

1? = 60'

Time Zones:

? Earth is divided into 24 time zones. ? Why 24? ? Each time zone is 15? wide ? Adjacent time zones an hour apart

(+/-)

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International Date Line

? The international dateline, at 180? meridian, serves as the transition line for calendar days.

? It is the point where East and West longitude meet.

? When crossing from W longitude to E longitude, the calendar day is set forwards.

Using Coordinates

? Both latitude and longitude are needed to located precise positions on Earth.

? Coordinates are written with latitude first, followed by longitude. Ex: 40? N, 87? W

40? N, 87? W

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